Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks
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RNA editing using CRISPRs shows promise for genetic disease treatment

RNA editing using CRISPRs shows promise for genetic disease treatment | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
A team at Montana State University published research this week that shows how RNA, the close chemical cousin to DNA, can be edited using CRISPRs.
BigField GEG Tech's insight:

RNA repair could be a fundamental aspect of biology, and harnessing this activity could lead to new life-saving cures. In particular, RNA editing has important applications in the search for treatments for genetic diseases. A team of researchers recently published research showing how RNA can be edited using a different CRISPR system to that for DNA, called type III. The study article entitled "Repair of CRISPR-guided RNA breaks enables site-specific RNA excision in human cells" was published in the journal Science and is the latest advance in the team's ongoing exploration of CRISPR applications for programmable genetic engineering. 

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New STITCHR tool offers a promising step forward for gene therapy

New STITCHR tool offers a promising step forward for gene therapy | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
Investigators from Mass General Brigham and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have developed STITCHR, a new gene editing tool that can insert therapeutic genes into specific locations without causing unwanted mutations.
BigField GEG Tech's insight:

American researchers have unveiled STITCHR in Nature, a novel gene-editing tool that enables the precise insertion of entire therapeutic genes into specific genomic locations without introducing unwanted mutations. Unlike traditional CRISPR systems, which typically correct single mutations and often face targeting limitations, STITCHR offers a "one-and-done" solution by inserting full genes. It may be a game-changing approach for treating diseases caused by a wide range of mutations, such as cystic fibrosis. STITCHR, short for Specific Target-Primed Insertion Through Targeted CRISPR Homing of Retroelements, harnesses enzymes derived from retrotransposons, genetic elements also known as "jumping genes", to guide gene integration with high specificity. Notably, the system can be delivered entirely in RNA form, simplifying logistics compared to approaches that require both RNA and DNA components. This advancement marks a major step forward in gene therapy, offering a promising strategy to treat diverse genetic disorders by replacing faulty genes in their entirety.

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Cancer-fighting immune cells could soon be engineered inside our bodies - Nature

Cancer-fighting immune cells could soon be engineered inside our bodies - Nature | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
BigField GEG Tech's insight:

Manufacturing CAR T cells in the laboratory is expensive and time-consuming. An in vivo approach could get the powerful therapy to more people.

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EchoBack CAR T-cells could be a game changer in cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors

EchoBack CAR T-cells could be a game changer in cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
Imagine a super-charged immune cell that can launch a focused attack on stubborn solid tumors - a smart fighter that destroys cancer cells for days without tiring.
BigField GEG Tech's insight:

Researchers have introduced a next-generation CAR T-cell therapy, called EchoBack CAR T-cells, in a study published in Cell. Designed to address key limitations of current immunotherapies for solid tumors, including off-tumor toxicity, T-cell exhaustion, and limited persistence, this platform uses sonogenetic engineering to remotely activate CAR T-cells via focused ultrasound (FUS). It employs an ultrasensitive heat-shock promoter, selected from a screened library and integrated with a positive feedback loop from CAR signaling. This setup enables sustained CAR expression after ultrasound stimulation, maintaining antitumor activity for up to five days, versus less than 24 hours for standard CAR T-cells. In preclinical models, EchoBack CAR T-cells eliminated glioblastoma (GBM) cells in 3D cultures and mice, outperforming conventional CAR T-cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed enhanced cytotoxicity and reduced exhaustion. The system was also adapted to target prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), showing prolonged tumor control in prostate cancer models. EchoBack CAR T-cells represent a versatile, precise, and safer therapeutic approach, a major advance for treating hard-to-target solid tumors. 

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Powerful CRISPR system inserts whole gene into human DNA - Nature

Powerful CRISPR system inserts whole gene into human DNA - Nature | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it

‘Directed’ evolution in the laboratory creates an editing tool that outperforms classic CRISPR systems.

BigField GEG Tech's insight:

An innovative genome-editing tool promises to do what original CRISPR systems have struggled to achieve: insert entire genes, precisely and efficiently, into human DNA.‘

Described recently in Science, the method could pave the way for gene-correction therapies that would be given once, and work regardless of the specific mutation causing an individual’s disease. It could also accelerate the development of engineered cell therapies for cancer and simplify the creation of genetic models for research.

“It could really be a big part of the future,” says study co-author David Liu, a chemical biologist at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts

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Patient-Specific In Vivo Gene Editing to Treat a Rare Genetic Disease | New England Journal of Medicine

Patient-Specific In Vivo Gene Editing to Treat a Rare Genetic Disease | New England Journal of Medicine | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
diagnosis of severe carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency
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World’s First Patient Treated with Personalized base editing system !

 

This proof of principle paves the way for precision gene therapy administered directly in vivo. In addition to having a significant therapeutic effect, this trial will allow the collection of critical data for designing tomorrow's precision gene therapies, both in terms of efficacy and biosafety. We know that the liver, a target organ in this pathology, is a prime target for in vivo gene therapy because after systemic injection, vectors accumulate there without a specific targeting system and liver cells multiply rapidly, allowing rapid colonization of cured cells. Consequently, these results support the idea that the field of vectorology is key to harnessing the power of new genome editors such as base editing systems, prime editing systems. The design of vectors that can target the desired cell populations, without compromising efficacy and biosafety, is the next critical step to enable precision gene therapy for a large number of genetic pathologies.

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Transforming genetic deafness treatment with base editing

Transforming genetic deafness treatment with base editing | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
Congenital hearing loss refers to impaired auditory function that occurs due to genetic causes. GJB2 is the gene responsible for approximately half of all cases of hereditary hearing loss.
BigField GEG Tech's insight:

Congenital deafness is an impairment of hearing function due to genetic causes. The GJB2 gene, which codes for connexin 26 (CX26), is responsible for around half of all cases of hereditary deafness. GJB2 mutations often lead to fragmentation of gap junctions and gap junction plaques (GJPs) which are composed of CX26. Japanese researchers have successfully developed a gene therapy to repair the R75W mutation, a dominant-negative mutation in the GJB2 gene responsible for syndromic deafness. The researchers developed an AAV (AAV-Sia6e) capable of delivering genome-editing tools to a wide range of cells in the inner ear that form communicating junctions. The researchers therefore constructed a basic editing tool (SaCas9-NNG-ABE8e) miniaturised to a size allowing it to be transported by the AAV using SaCas9-NNG. Genomic editing via the all-in-one AAV vector showed considerable efficiency and specificity. It enabled targeted conversion of T to C in human cells expressing the GJB2 R75W mutation, repaired this mutation and formed clear GJPs. 

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April 3, 7:10 AM
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Multiomic profiling of T cell lymphoma after therapy with anti-BCMA CAR T cells and GPRC5D-directed bispecific antibody | Nature Medicine

Multiomic profiling of T cell lymphoma after therapy with anti-BCMA CAR T cells and GPRC5D-directed bispecific antibody | Nature Medicine | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific T cell engagers have become integral components in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. We report a 63-year-old male who received ciltacabtagene autoleucel CAR T cells and the GPRC5D × CD3 bispecific talquetamab for early relapse of his multiple myeloma. Nine months after CAR T therapy, he developed a symptomatic leukemic peripheral T cell lymphoma with cutaneous and intestinal involvement. Longitudinal single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing of peripheral blood and bone marrow revealed two hyperexpanded CAR-carrying T cell clones. These expanded clones exhibited an exhausted effector-memory T cell transcriptional signature, and the neoplasm itself was sensitive to dexamethasone treatment. The immunophenotypic and transcriptional alterations of these abnormal T cells resembled those of T-large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Spatial transcriptomes of skin lesions confirmed the aberrant CAR-expressing T cells. Whole-genome sequencing revealed three distinct integration sites, within the introns of ZGPAT, KPNA4 and polycomb-associated noncoding RNAs. Before and after CAR T whole-genome analyses implicated clonal outgrowth of a TET2-mutated precursor propelled by additional subclone-specific loss of heterozygosity and other secondary mechanisms. This case highlights the evolution of a CAR-carrying peripheral T cell lymphoma following CAR T cell and bispecific T cell engager therapy, offering critical insights into the clonal evolution from a predisposed hematopoietic precursor to a mature neoplasm. A longitudinal multiomics analysis of a patient with multiple myeloma who developed peripheral T cell lymphoma after treatment with anti-BCMA CAR T cells and a GPRC5D-directed bispecific antibody reveals that two mutated CAR+CD8+ T cell clones were probably drivers of the neoplasm.

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CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by engineering a patient’s immune cells to target and destroy malignant cells using a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). However, emerging evidence suggests potential risks associated with this approach. A recent case study describes a 63-year-old patient with multiple myeloma who developed T-cell lymphoma nine months after receiving CAR-T cell therapy. Genetic analyses revealed that the lymphoma originated from the infused CAR-T cells, with pre-existing mutations in the patient's hematopoietic cells contributing to malignant transformation. This case highlights the need for rigorous genetic screening before CAR-T therapy and long-term monitoring to detect rare but serious complications. While CAR-T therapy remains a breakthrough in oncology, this finding underscores the importance of ongoing safety evaluations

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March 25, 3:22 AM
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Trisomic rescue via allele-specific multiple chromosome cleavage using CRISPR-Cas9 in trisomy 21 cells | PNAS Nexus | Oxford Academic

Trisomic rescue via allele-specific multiple chromosome cleavage using CRISPR-Cas9 in trisomy 21 cells | PNAS Nexus | Oxford Academic | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
Abstract. Human trisomy 21, responsible for Down syndrome, is the most prevalent genetic cause of cognitive impairment and remains a key focus for prenatal
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The present study demonstrates that allele-specific multiple chromosome cleavage by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats Cas9 can achieve trisomy rescue by eliminating the target chromosome from human trisomy 21 induced pluripotent stem cells and fibroblasts.

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March 10, 7:11 AM
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Advancing the genetic engineering toolbox by combining AsCas12a knock-in mice with ultra-compact screening | Nature Communications

Advancing the genetic engineering toolbox by combining AsCas12a knock-in mice with ultra-compact screening | Nature Communications | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
Cas12a is a next-generation gene editing tool that enables multiplexed gene targeting. Here, we present a mouse model that constitutively expresses enhanced Acidaminococcus sp. Cas12a (enAsCas12a) linked to an mCherry fluorescent reporter. We demonstrate efficient single and multiplexed gene editing in vitro, using primary and transformed cells from enAsCas12a mice. We further demonstrate successful in vivo gene editing, using normal and cancer-prone enAsCas12a stem cells to reconstitute the haematopoietic system of wild-type mice. We also present compact, genome-wide Cas12a knockout libraries, with four crRNAs per gene encoded across one (Scherzo) or two (Menuetto) vectors, and demonstrate the utility of these libraries across methodologies: in vitro enrichment and drop-out screening in lymphoma cells and immortalised fibroblasts, respectively, and in vivo screens to identify lymphoma-driving events. Finally, we demonstrate CRISPR multiplexing via simultaneous gene knockout (via Cas12a) and activation (via dCas9-SAM) using primary T cells and fibroblasts. Our enAsCas12a mouse and accompanying crRNA libraries enhance genome engineering capabilities and complement current CRISPR technologies. Cas12a represents the next generation of gene editing. Here, the authors present the generation and validation of a Cas12a transgenic mouse model. Additionally, the authors create whole-genome Cas12a knockout libraries, and demonstrate their utility across multiple in vitro and in vivo screens.
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Cas enzymes are needed to cut specific sections of DNA or RNA in experiments using the CRISPR tool. CRISPR is a revolutionary gene-editing tool widely used in cancer research and is currently in the early stages of clinical application in patients. Over the past decade, the Cas enzyme most commonly used with CRISPR, Cas9, has led to many important discoveries in medical research. Today, cancer researchers have developed a next-generation gene-editing tool for modelling and interrogating human disease. These researchers have generated a new preclinical model expressing an improved version of a new genome-engineering enzyme called Cas12a. They also identified the genes that led to accelerated lymphoma growth in the preclinical model using unique CRISPR ‘libraries’ of Cas12a-compatible whole mouse genomes.

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February 20, 12:00 PM
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New findings could make off-the-shelf CAR T cell therapy a reality

New findings could make off-the-shelf CAR T cell therapy a reality | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
CAR T cell therapy is one of the most promising new cancer treatments to emerge in recent years. It involves removing a patient's own immune T cells and engineering them to recognize specific targets on the surface of the cancer cell.
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One of the main limitations of CAR-T cells is that the cells are taken from the patient and have to be customized for treatment. This forces patients to wait for their cells to be modified for infusion, which is precious time they may not have. Research has demonstrated a new advance that could allow standard CAR T cells supplied by healthy donors to be used and stored to be ready as soon as the patient needs them. The research has identified a way of modifying donor CAR T cells, known as allogeneic CAR T cells, so that they are accepted by the patient who receives them and persists to fight cancer. The new approach involves equipping CAR T cells with a protein called Nef. This protein has been identified in HIV and is used to evade detection by the immune system. It acts in two ways: it reduces a protein called HLA-I on the surface of CAR-T cells and helps prevent cell suicide called apoptosis in CAR-T cells. The researchers showed that inserting Nef into donor CAR-T cells enabled the cells to survive and remain effective in a mouse cancer model. 

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January 20, 7:03 AM
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EZH2 inhibitors enhance effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies

EZH2 inhibitors enhance effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
An emerging class of anticancer drugs called EZH2 inhibitors may greatly enhance the potency of some cancer immunotherapies, according to a preclinical study led by Weill Cornell Medicine lymphoma researchers.
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T-cell immunotherapies, including modified anti-cancer T cells called CAR-T cells, have been shown to reduce or eliminate signs of cancer in some patients with lymphomas and other malignant blood tumors. In most cases, however, signs of cancer eventually reappear. A study published in Cancer Cell suggests that inhibiting EZH2 could help improve the potency and durability of these immunotherapies. EZH2 is an enzyme that normally helps program cellular behavior by controlling the expression of specific genes. Mutations in the EZH2 gene, which make the enzyme more active, are now recognized as common features of lymphoma, and inhibition of this enzyme has been shown to benefit lymphoma patients even when they have non-mutant EZH2. In the study, the researchers found that EZH2 inhibition enhanced the effects of immunotherapies not only by making lymphoma cells more visible to them, but also through multiple other mechanisms, including reducing immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and reprogramming anti-cancer T cells in a way that makes their activity more durable.

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January 13, 11:02 AM
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New technology guides immune cells to fight brain cancer and multiple sclerosis

New technology guides immune cells to fight brain cancer and multiple sclerosis | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
Researchers have found a way to program immune cells to attack glioblastoma and treat the inflammation of multiple sclerosis in mice.
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Brain cancers are among the most difficult to treat. Surgery and chemotherapy are risky, and drugs often fail to penetrate the brain - a major limitation of CAR-T cancer therapies. To circumvent these problems, scientists have developed a “molecular GPS” for immune cells that guides them with a first molecular code to the brain and a second code to the tumor. The first molecular code is a protein called brevican, which helps form the gelatinous structure of the brain and only appears there. For the second code, they used two proteins found in most brain cancers. The scientists programmed the immune cells to attack only if they first detected brevican, and then either of the brain cancer proteins. They showed that immune cells could eliminate a deadly brain tumor called glioblastoma and prevent recurrence. They have also used these cells to reduce inflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. This technology will soon be tested in a clinical trial on people with glioblastoma.

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December 9, 2024 7:03 AM
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New approach reinvigorates exhausted T cells to improve tumor control

New approach reinvigorates exhausted T cells to improve tumor control | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
As cancer cells grow, they pump out metabolic byproducts such as lactic acid into the tumor microenvironment. Exhausted T cells -; which have lost their cancer-fighting oomph -; consume this lactic acid, which further saps their energy, according to new research from the University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center.
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With continued exposure to tumours, T lymphocytes progressively lose their effectiveness due to the expression of co-inhibitory receptors that act as brakes. Exhausted T lymphocytes, which still retain some anti-cancer function, can deteriorate further until they reach a state of terminal exhaustion. Researchers found that a solute transporter called MCT11, which imports lactic acid, was significantly increased in terminally exhausted T cells compared with their progenitor versions, suggesting that lactic acid contributes to loss of function. When the researchers deleted the gene encoding MCT11 in mice or blocked the protein with a monoclonal antibody, the T cells ingested less lactic acid. They showed improved functionality and tumour control in mouse models of melanoma, colorectal carcinoma and head and neck cancer. The researchers found that the MCT11 antibody promoted tumour killing in mice when administered alone but was even more effective when combined with anti-PD1. Through their new spin-out company, Delgoffe and Peralta are now working to optimise the MCT antibody for efficacy on human T cells to test it in future clinical trials. 

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June 4, 6:46 AM
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Cancer-fighting CAR T cells show promising results for hard-to-treat tumours - Nature

Cancer-fighting CAR T cells show promising results for hard-to-treat tumours - Nature | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
Trial in China is one of the first times the immune therapy has worked against solid tumours.
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Trial in China is one of the first times the immune therapy has worked against solid tumours.

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June 2, 7:13 AM
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News: Gene editing boosts immunotherapy

News: Gene editing boosts immunotherapy | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
A new review outlines genetic engineering strategies, including CRISPR, to enhance the therapeutic potential of innate immune cells in cancer immunotherapy. The authors evaluate preclinical studies and emerging clinical data on how these cells can be retooled to overcome the limitations of conventional CAR T cell therapy.
BigField GEG Tech's insight:

Gene editing is redefining the potential of cancer immunotherapy, not only by enhancing precision, but also by extending its reach beyond T cells. A recent Nature Biotechnology review highlights how CRISPR is being used to reprogram innate immune cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and γδ T cells, to enhance their tumor-fighting abilities. By knocking out inhibitory genes, NK cells become more resilient, metabolically robust, and cytotoxic. Macrophages, typically immunosuppressive within the tumor microenvironment, are now being engineered with CARs and cytokines to adopt proinflammatory, anti-tumor roles. γδ T cells, which combine innate and adaptive immune features, are also being explored for CAR-based therapies thanks to their stress-sensing T-cell receptors and natural cytotoxicity. Early trials across multiple tumor types suggest these engineered cells could drive a new wave of more effective and versatile cancer immunotherapies.

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May 21, 10:22 AM
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A new class of molecules against cancer cells refractory to standard treatments

A new class of molecules against cancer cells refractory to standard treatments | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
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A new class of molecules capable of killing the cancer cells that are refractory to standard treatments and responsible for recurrence has just been developed by scientists at Institut Curie, the CNRS, and Inserm. This crucial advance in the fight against metastatic cancer is based on identifying the cellular site for ferroptosis initiation, a natural process, catalysed by iron, that sparks the oxidative degradation of cell membranes. These promising preclinical results will be published in the journal Nature on 7 May 2025.

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May 19, 11:55 AM
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Machine learning unlocks millions of safer CRISPR enzymes for gene editing

Machine learning unlocks millions of safer CRISPR enzymes for gene editing | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
Genome editing has advanced at a rapid pace with promising results for treating genetic conditions-but there is always room for improvement.
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One of the key elements in the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technologies lies in the need for enzymes to locate and bind to a short DNA sequence called the adjacent proto-spacer motif (PAM). The researchers used a machine-learning algorithm, called PAMmla, to predict the PAMs of millions of Cas9 enzymes, thereby identifying a set of novel Cas9 enzymes designed to exhibit the best targeted activity and specificity. The researchers conducted proof-of-concept experiments on human cells and a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa, and found that the tailored enzymes exhibited greater specificity. This work could help reduce off-target effects, improve the safety and efficacy of editing, and enable researchers to predict customized enzymes for new therapeutic targets.

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May 5, 9:01 AM
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Powerful protein editors offer new ways of probing living cells - Nature

Powerful protein editors offer new ways of probing living cells - Nature | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it

Scientists deploy self-splicing protein subunits to insert strange new additions into target proteins.

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Scientists deploy self-splicing protein subunits to insert strange new additions into target proteins.

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April 11, 5:57 AM
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Brain cells given an ‘invisibility cloak’ fix Parkinson’s symptoms in rats - Nature

Brain cells given an ‘invisibility cloak’ fix Parkinson’s symptoms in rats - Nature | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
Neurons engineered to evade the immune system could work as cell-replacement therapy.
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Neurons engineered to evade the immune system could work as cell-replacement therapy.
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April 2, 11:20 AM
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Cancer-free for 18 years: CAR-T therapy sets new milestone in neuroblastoma treatment

Cancer-free for 18 years: CAR-T therapy sets new milestone in neuroblastoma treatment | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
A groundbreaking study in Nature Medicine reveals that GD2 CAR-T cell therapy can lead to long-term remission in children with neuroblastoma, with one patient remaining cancer-free for over 18 years.
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Neuroblastoma, a highly aggressive childhood cancer, presents a high risk of relapse, making long-term disease control a significant challenge. A groundbreaking study published in Nature Medicine has demonstrated that GD2-directed CAR-T cell therapy can induce durable remissions, with one patient remaining cancer-free for over 18 years, the longest reported remission for a solid tumor treated with CAR-T cells. Between 2004 and 2009, 19 children were infused with CAR-T cells targeting GD2, a protein expressed in neuroblastoma cells, as part of a phase I clinical trial. Despite lacking modern co-stimulatory molecules, these first-generation CAR-T cells persisted for over five years in some patients. Among patients with active disease, 3 achieved complete responses, with 2 maintaining long-term remissions of 8+ and 18+ years, respectively. Immune profiling of long-term survivors revealed that CAR-T cells exhibited a mix of effector and memory-like properties, suggesting a key role in extended therapeutic effects. This study indicates the safety and durability of GD2 CAR-T therapy in neuroblastoma and paves the way for improved CAR-T strategies targeting solid tumors.

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March 19, 7:00 AM
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Strong, flexible ‘nylon’ made by engineered bacteria for the first time - Nature

Strong, flexible ‘nylon’ made by engineered bacteria for the first time - Nature | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
The bioplastic was malleable, but is more expensive to produce than are plastics made from fossil fuels.
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Researchers have genetically engineered microbes to produce a strong, flexible plastic similar to nylon for the first time.

Bacteria have been used to generate polyesters such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in the past but, nylon-like plastics such as those used in clothing and shoe manufacturing have been difficult to create, the authors report in Nature Chemical Biology 

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March 4, 6:42 AM
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An ancient RNA-guided system could simplify delivery of gene editing therapies | Broad Institute

An ancient RNA-guided system could simplify delivery of gene editing therapies | Broad Institute | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
The programmable proteins are compact, modular, and can be directed to modify DNA in human cells.
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A vast search of natural diversity has led scientists at MIT’s McGovern Institute and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard to uncover ancient systems with the potential to expand the genome editing toolbox. 

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February 10, 5:50 AM
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Functional characterization of variants improves cancer risk assessment and treatment

Functional characterization of variants improves cancer risk assessment and treatment | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
Findings from a multi-institutional, international study led by researchers from the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center have significantly advanced the understanding of genetic alterations in the BRCA2 gene, a key player in hereditary cancer risk.
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The results of an international multi-institutional study have significantly improved our understanding of genetic alterations in the BRCA2 gene, a key player in hereditary cancer risk. Researchers have carried out a comprehensive functional assessment of all possible variants in the crucial DNA-binding domain of the BRCA2 gene, resulting in the clinical classification of 91% of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in this part of the gene. This discovery significantly improves the accuracy of genetic testing, and will enable healthcare professionals to offer more accurate risk assessments and personalized treatment plans for people carrying these variants. The study, published in Nature , used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology to analyze the functional impact of nearly 7,000 BRCA2 gene variants, definitively identifying those that increase cancer risk and those that do not. This new information will remove much of the uncertainty surrounding VUS, enabling more informed decisions to be made about cancer screening, preventative measures and treatment strategies. 

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January 16, 6:51 AM
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Genome editing with the HDR-enhancing DNA-PKcs inhibitor AZD7648 causes large-scale genomic alterations | Nature Biotechnology

Genome editing with the HDR-enhancing DNA-PKcs inhibitor AZD7648 causes large-scale genomic alterations | Nature Biotechnology | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
The DNA-PKcs inhibitor AZD7648 enhances CRISPR–Cas9-directed homology-directed repair efficiencies, with potential for clinical utility, but its possible on-target consequences are unknown. We found that genome editing with AZD7648 causes frequent kilobase-scale and megabase-scale deletions, chromosome arm loss and translocations. These large-scale chromosomal alterations evade detection through typical genome editing assays, prompting caution in deploying AZD7648 and reinforcing the need to investigate multiple types of potential editing outcomes. A compound that enhances homology-directed repair in CRISPR editing leads to genome instability.
BigField GEG Tech's insight:

The CRISPR-Cas9 molecular complex is the tool most widely used by scientists around the world. It cuts double-stranded DNA at the exact point where the genetic material is to be modified. The cut activates two natural repair mechanisms, including homology-directed repair. To induce the cell to use this repair, researchers have recently begun using a molecule called AZD7648, which blocks rapid repair and forces the cell to use homology-directed repair. This approach should accelerate the development of more effective gene therapies. Initial studies on these new approaches have been positive. However, a research group has just discovered that the use of AZD7648 has serious side effects. The modifications would result in the outright deletion of thousands of DNA building blocks, known as bases. Entire chromosome arms were even detached, rendering the genome unstable, with unpredictable consequences for the cells modified by this technique. The study has just been published in the journal Nature Biotechnology. 

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January 6, 7:09 AM
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Engineered SNIPRs transform CAR T-cell precision for safer cancer therapy

Engineered SNIPRs transform CAR T-cell precision for safer cancer therapy | Genetic Engineering Publications - GEG Tech top picks | Scoop.it
Researchers developed SNIPRs, innovative receptors that sense soluble ligands, enabling precise therapeutic control in CAR T-cells. This breakthrough enhances tumor targeting while reducing off-target effects, paving the way for advanced synthetic biology applications.
BigField GEG Tech's insight:

A Nature study introduces Synthetic Intramembrane Proteolysis Receptors (SNIPRs) to improve the precision and safety of CAR-T cell therapies to target solid tumors. This novel receptor system enables engineered cells to detect soluble ligands with high sensitivity and specificity, reducing the risk of off-target effects that often cause severe side effects in conventional therapies. In preclinical models, SNIPR-equipped CAR-T cells demonstrated superior tumor specificity and minimized damage to healthy tissues. This advancement represents a pivotal step toward safer and more effective cellular immunotherapies, particularly for cancers with challenging antigen profiles. profiles.

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