Since the release of the first Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome in 1998, major advances have been made in understanding the biology of this pathogen, the leading infectious cause of death in modern human history. In this Review, we outline the physiological and metabolic features thought to underpin the survival, evasion and subversion strategies employed by M. tuberculosis as it drives a cycle of transmission, infection and disease in its obligate human host. We also consider adaptations to key host innate immune effectors, including the roles of granulocytes, phagosomal damage and repair, autophagy and cell death in determining host–mycobacterium outcomes. Given the increasing awareness of the importance of asymptomatic M. tuberculosis infection and transmission, we advocate for the need to ensure greater intersection between laboratory and clinical research, taking into account the environmental context in which natural infection and disease occur. We identify knowledge gaps in the field and reflect on the opportunities and challenges for integrating host, bacterium and environment into future investigations to inform intervention strategies to control tuberculosis disease. In this Review, Warner, Barczak, Gutierrez and Mizrahi explore essential aspects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis physiology and biology, present recent advances related to its pathogenesis, metabolism and immune evasion mechanisms, and propose future directions for research.

Distal airway epithelial progenitors mediate TGF-β release to drive lung CD8+ TRM induction following mucosal BCG vaccination

A powerful reminder of the untapped potential of 𝗺𝘂𝗰𝗼𝘀𝗮𝗹 𝗶𝗺𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗽𝘆.

Too few vaccines—especially for respiratory viruses and cancers—leverage mucosal immunity, despite it being our first line of defense.

𝗪𝗮𝗻𝗴 𝗲𝘁 𝗮𝗹. showcase a biomineralized nanovaccine delivered 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘴𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 to bypass the BBB and target glioblastoma via the nose-to-brain route. No needles. No systemic detours.

What’s especially exciting: the virus-like particle acts as 𝗯𝗼𝘁𝗵 𝗶𝗺𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗼𝗴𝗲𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗱𝗷𝘂𝘃𝗮𝗻𝘁. By displaying a glioma-associated peptide (EphA2₆₇₁–₆₇₉) on calcium phosphate-coated HBcAg VLPs, this platform drives potent, durable immune responses. It improves mucosal adhesion, boosts tumor accumulation, and reshapes the tumor microenvironment by increasing effector T cells while reducing Tregs and M2 macrophages.

Clear momentum building for mucosal vaccines 𝘢𝘯𝘥 CNS-targeted immunotherapy.

Link in the comments 👇

#MucosalImmunology #MucosalVaccines #Immunotherapy #Glioblastoma #DrugDelivery #NeuroOncology #CancerVaccines #VirusLikeParticles #Nanomedicine #TranslationalResearch

How do immune cells in a pig lung change after influenza infection or vaccination

Immunity to respiratory viruses

Spatial single‑cell atlas of the airway wall defines proinflammatory cell hubs in asthma—chemokine/alarmin‑rich niches shaped by ACKR1 and mast‑cell amphiregulin, suggesting targeted intervention paths

A Review of Currently Licensed Mucosal COVID-19 Vaccines -

Recent review on mucosal COVID-19 vaccines approved by the FDA. Unlike most injectable vaccines, they induce a robust mucosal immune response with secretory IgA antibodies. Mucosal vaccines also lead to a strong systemic cellular and humoral immune response.

To date, only five active mucosal vaccines have received regulatory approval for human use, and at least 29 are under clinical trials. Approved vaccines use intranasal, sometimes also combined with intramuscular doses. Most of them utilize replication incompetent viruses (e.g. adenovirus) to deliver the antigen to the nasal mucose via nasal sprays or nebulizers.

https://sco.lt/8DN1Jg

#covid19 #health #globalhealth #publichealth #medicine #biotechnology #pharmaceuticals #FDA #WHO #CDC #ECDC #NIAID #clinicaltrials #immunology #vaccines

#GlobalHealth #NEWS: This is the FIRST human #clinicaltrial to show clinical benefit & mucosal #immuneresponse from an oral #norovirus #vaccine & also highlights the power of controlled human challenge trials when carefully designed to accelerate #vaccinedevelopment. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.adh9906

Cutaneous T cell immunity

This Review explores recent insights into the skin immune system in humans and mice, emphasizing mechanisms that govern immune activation and homeostasis, with a particular focus on the crucial role of T cells.

- The skin is the primary barrier against environmental insults, safeguarding the body from mechanical, chemical and pathogenic threats.

- Tissue-resident lymphocytes are pivotal for skin immunity, working in tandem with commensal bacteria to maintain immune surveillance and homeostasis, as well as participating in the pathogenesis of several skin diseases.

- It has been estimated that the human skin harbors nearly twice as many T cells as found in the circulation.

- Effective treatment of skin diseases and new therapy development require a thorough understanding of the complex interactions among skin tissue, immune cells and the microbiota, which together regulate the skin’s immune balance.

https://lnkd.in/ekgWxdBD

#immunology #immunity #skin #autoimmunity

🌍 Le futur des vaccins : des solutions nasales contre les infections respiratoires 🦠
 
Dans le cadre de la Semaine Européenne de la Vaccination, découvrez les dernières innovations dans le domaine des vaccins, avec un focus particulier sur les vaccins nasaux permettant une protection plus efficace et ciblée. 👃
 
🚀 Ces solutions novatrices sont développées pour protéger les générations futures contre des infections respiratoires graves telles que la coqueluche, la pneumonie à pneumocoques, et les virus comme la #grippe et le Covid-19. 🫁
 
Des chercheurs européens, dont l’Institut Pasteur de Lille, sont à la pointe de ces découvertes avec des projets comme : 
🟢 BPZE1 : Un vaccin nasal contre la coqueluche en développement, il bloque la transmission et offre une protection durable, avec des résultats positifs chez les enfants et adultes ! 🎉
🟢 Vaccin nasal contre les pneumocoques : Ce vaccin protège contre toutes les souches de pneumocoques, une avancée importante pour protéger les plus vulnérables ! 👶👵
 
 
👉 Pour en savoir plus, rendez-vous sur pasteur-lille.fr