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Event by Novo Nordisk Foundation Science Cluster Conference: Harnessing airway immunity for next-gen vaccines The 32nd Science Cluster Conference, "Harnessing airway immunity for next-gen vaccines", will feature world leaders exploring the latest advancements in airway immunity and innovative...

Lactobacilli encompass more than 300 species, spanning 25 genera, found in the microbiomes of humans, animals and plants with relevance in agriculture, foods and medicine. Lactobacilli comprise all bacteria previously assigned to the Lactobacillus genus and, similar to other lactic acid bacteria, are characterized by their saccharolytic, fermentation-energy metabolism and diverse enzymatic pathways that support redox balance and maintain intracellular pH. Some lactobacilli are pervasive in dairy, meat and plant foods, where they either contribute to spoilage and food waste or are desired and necessary for the production of fermented foods and animal feed. Strains of lactobacilli are the most applied probiotics tested in clinical studies. The study of host-associated intestinal and vaginal microbiomes has demonstrated that lactobacilli drive epithelial and immune cell responses, resulting in mainly beneficial effects on host health. This Review explores both established and emerging concepts related to this group of microorganisms. It highlights central tenants of their genetic diversity, metabolism, stress tolerance and distribution across host-associated microbiomes, as well as their importance in fermented foods and in health modulation as probiotics. With this accumulated knowledge, there remain substantial opportunities for expanded application of lactobacilli across different domains relevant to food production and health. Lactobacilli are important members of human, animal and insect microbiomes and are prominent in food fermentations. In this Review, Mejía-Caballero and Marco explore the diversity of lactobacilli, focusing on their fundamental traits and their applications in foods and medicine.

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A team of Trinity College Dublin researchers has developed a new form of vaccine that could transform how we are protected from respiratory infections and reduce the chance of passing on whooping cough.

It could mean a whooping cough vaccine, currently given by way of injection, could be administered nasally to children and young ­babies whose lives are more at risk from the disease.

The research was led by Prof Kingston Mills (pictured) and Dr Seyed Davoud Jazayeri from the college's School of Biochemistry and Immunology. “We’ve applied our understanding of protective immune pathways to engineer a fundamentally different kind of vaccine. By stimulating immunity where infections begin, we can offer stronger protection and potentially interrupt community transmission,” Prof Mills said

Whoopingcough can sound like an old fashioned disease but Ireland has had a resurgence in whooping cough, with a record 713 cases reported last year. More than one in four of those infected needed hospital treatment.

The landmark study, published in Nature Microbiology, found the experimental vaccine in pre-clinical studies managed complete protection against infection of the lungs and nasal cavity. The research was initially funded through a Research Ireland and is now advancing under the Arc Hub for Therapeutics.

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IBS, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, is a common gastrointestinal disorder, more common, in women, with symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea. The cause of the disease is not clear, but the intestinal environment including the gut microbiota and serotonin appear to be important...

Crypt hyperplasia is a key feature of celiac disease and several other small intestinal inflammatory conditions. Analysis of the gut epithelial crypt zone by mass spectrometry-based tissue proteomics revealed a strong interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signal in active celiac disease.

Airway mucus has a crucial role in protecting against inhaled pathogens and regulating water homeostasis, but it can also diminish the efficacy of therapeutic pulmonary delivery. Recent development in inhalable materials and biologics has introduced strategies to modify mucus properties, strengthening mucosal protection, advancing drug delivery and targeting and supporting effective water regulation. In this Review, we thoroughly examine the structure and function of airway mucus, along with the challenges and opportunities it presents for inhaled treatments. We explore new methods that enhance the protective role of mucus through physical reinforcement, pathogen neutralization, muco-trapping and rehydration, as well as strategies that overcome the mucus barrier to improve drug delivery, including physical modulation, mucoadhesive design, muco-penetrating design, mucolytics and active targeting. Finally, we discuss the clinical implications of these promising strategies, emphasizing the need to balance mucosal function with optimized therapeutic delivery. We seek to explore prospective ways to improve inhalation therapies for both infectious and chronic lung diseases by reviewing recent progress in inhalable materials and biologics. Airway mucus complicates treatment of respiratory disease by both defending the lungs and hindering inhaled drugs to cross the barriers. This Review explores translational advances in inhalable materials and biologics that enhance mucus protection or drug penetration.

“A fog droplet isn’t a bad environment to live in"

🚰🐔 Drinking Water Vaccination in Poultry – Proper SOPs for Success

Mass vaccination of a flock via drinking water is one of the most practical, less stressful, and commonly used methods in poultry farms. But to achieve protection against diseases, strict SOPs must be followed.

Here’s a complete overview 👇

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1️⃣ Drinking Water Vaccination

The goal is simple: every bird in the flock must receive the correct vaccine dose.

✅ Calculate water intake based on bird age (see standard tables).
✅ Vaccine water should be consumed within 1.5–2 hours.
✅ Withhold water for 1 hour before vaccination to encourage uniform drinking.
✅ Neutralize chlorine/heavy metals in water (using skimmed milk powder or vaccine stabilizer).


2️⃣ Storage & Transportation of Vaccine

📦 Vaccines must be handled with extreme care:

Store at 2–8°C (35–46°F) in a dedicated fridge.

Transport in a cool box with ice packs, keeping 4–8°C constant.

Only transport the required doses.


🛠️ Equipment Needed:

Clean container (80L approx.)

Vaccination can/water proportioner (5–10L)

Measuring jug, bucket, stirrer

Skimmed milk (stabilizer)


💡 Administration Steps:

1. Prepare vaccines on a clean surface using disposable gloves.


2. Neutralize chlorine (stock solution, 20 min wait).


3. Mix vaccine gently in water and distribute evenly.


4. Ensure all drinkers/nipples are filled before lowering.


5. Walk the flock to encourage uniform drinking.


6. Vaccine water must be consumed within 2 hours.
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3️⃣ Evaluation of Drinking Water Vaccination

After vaccination, it’s critical to check how well the flock received the vaccine:

🔹 Dye Test: Add dye tablets with vaccine water. Birds’ tongues should stain blue. At least 90% of sampled birds should show staining.
🔹 Serology (ELISA/HI): Take blood samples from 20 random birds after ~3 weeks to measure antibody titers.

📊 Good Response Indicators:

High antibody titers

Coefficient of variation (CV) < 50%

Uniform flock immunity

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✅ Conclusion

Drinking water vaccination is simple, quick, and flock-friendly. When SOPs are followed properly—from storage → preparation → administration → evaluation—the benefits are clear:
✔️ Better growth & weight gain
✔️ Higher egg production
✔️ Improved uniformity
✔️ Stronger disease resistance
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💬 What’s your experience with drinking water vaccination in poultry?

#Poultry #AnimalHealth #Vaccination #Veterinary #SOPs #PoultryFarming

Cellular plasticity, the ability of cells to reprogramme and alter their fate, has a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and facilitating tissue regeneration after injury. The bladder urothelium, a dynamic transitional epithelial layer, displays a highly plastic phenotype that enables its remarkable regenerative capacity in response to wounding. During both development and repair, urothelial cells exhibit considerable plasticity through processes such as dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Urothelial plasticity is not only crucial for healthy tissue repair but is also involved in pathological conditions, including cancer. In bladder tumorigenesis, urothelial cells exploit plasticity to acquire new phenotypic and functional characteristics, transitioning between distinct cellular states. This plasticity contributes to tumour heterogeneity, subtype switching, progression, metastasis and resistance to therapies. These dynamic cellular transitions are regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms, as well as microenvironmental influences. Targeting urothelial plasticity could offer novel therapeutic strategies for bladder-related diseases. In this Review the authors describe current knowledge on cellular plasticity in the bladder urothelium, emphasizing its role in bladder repair and tumorigenesis, and explore the molecular mechanisms of urothelial plasticity and discuss its potential as a novel therapeutic target for bladder-related diseases.

The skin microbiome is composed of a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and mites. These microorganisms have a crucial role in maintaining skin health, protecting against pathogens and modulating immune responses. In recent years, our understanding of the skin microbiome has expanded substantially with the deployment of metagenomic sequencing. This technology, by reconstructing microbial species, strains and gene pathways in the microbiomes of different cohorts, has led to identification of numerous therapeutic targets and thus propelled the development of therapeutic approaches that are aimed at leveraging these microorganisms to treat skin conditions and to improve skin health. In this Review, we discuss the composition, ecology, functions and therapeutic horizons of the human skin microbiome, presenting examples of studies that highlight potential therapeutic targets in the skin microbiome, ongoing progress in the development of skin microbiome-based therapeutics and challenges. In this Review, Oh and Voigt explore the major characteristics and functions of the skin microbiome, and they highlight potential therapeutic targets in the skin microbiome and ongoing progress in the development of skin microbiome-based therapeutics.