The story of language | Metaglossia: The Translation World | Scoop.it

"Laura Spinney draws on recent evidence to tell this story by putting together linguistics, archaeology and genetic research to trace the movement of people and their language.


Proto: How One Ancient Language Went Global
Ganesh Saili
Updated on:
22 Jun 2025, 1:30 am
... The Indo-European family of languages covers most of Europe, the Iranian plateau, northern India and parts of Asia. It is spoken by almost half of all living people, and they all stem from a common source. English, Hindustani, Spanish, Russian, Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Norse and more than four hundred others can be traced to their origins. Laura Spinney’s new book tells the story of how Proto-Indo-European (PIE) may initially have been spoken as a kind of language of only a few dozen people evolved into the mother tongue of billions.


The words we use feel inevitable. We take them for granted. But they began to come alive some six thousand years ago, when copper was being smithed in the lands to the west of the Black Sea.


As the traders travelled, the words they shared went with them across the Black Sea and then around the world: from the forests of Romania to the steppe of Odessa, now with the development of larger and larger settlements, with steppe herders becoming global traders, now with roads, with the crossing of the Volga, sped up by the wheel, and on to the edge of China.


Laura Spinney draws on recent evidence to tell this story by putting together linguistics, archaeology and genetic research to trace the movement of people and their language. Making these links is not straightforward. PIE was not written down; it has been reconstructed by comparing the languages that evolved from it.


There are between 1,000 and 2,000 PIE words, and Spinney’s book is at its most interesting when dealing with them. Scholars think PIE must have existed among the coppersmiths because that is long enough ago for the various languages to have branched off from them, given what we know about language change. Intermarrying brought multilingual children. Spinney’s sees the Yamnaya nomads take PIE from the steppes to the edge of China, back into Europe, down through India and Iran. The combination of evidence from different disciplines makes this a compelling case. In India today, for example, speakers of Sanskrit-derived languages have more than non-Sanskrit language speakers.


Spinney concludes that people are moving around the sea today for commerce, war and climate change. The language you’re reading this in will change. It will change as it has always done. When PIE came to Europe around 2000 B.C., about seven million people lived there. It is as if Italy had taken over New York in the early 20th century. However scary we might find such a future, one in which languages rise and fall, cultures come and go, given our past, this too shall change.


Makes for an interesting read."
https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2025/Jun/22/the-story-of-language
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