Preserving Languages and Amplifying Indigenous Women’s Poetry through the Art of Translation — College of Arts & Sciences | Metaglossia: The Translation World | Scoop.it

"Preserving Languages and Amplifying Indigenous Women’s Poetry through the Art of Translation
Clare Sullivan


June 18, 2025


By Stephanie Godward, Communications and Marketing Director, College of Arts & Sciences


The driving force behind Clare Sullivan’s work as a translator of Indigenous poetry stems from the answer to this question: “Who are the people we hear from the least?”


“It was women,” Sullivan said. “And who do we hear from even less? Indigenous women, who are seldom read, and who are seldom recognized on so many levels. There's so much prejudice within their own countries against Indigenous people. I thought that would be a great place to start, to find these voices that are getting completely lost, and the languages that are getting lost, unfortunately. This felt like something urgent to do, that would give meaning to what I am doing.”


A Spanish professor in the Department of Classical and Modern Languages, Sullivan recently received a Distinguished Faculty Award for Outstanding Scholarship, Research, and Creative Activity in Humanities within the College of Arts & Sciences. 


Sullivan holds a PhD in Spanish from New York University and received a 2010 grant from the National Endowment for the Arts to translate Natalia Toledo’s Olivo negro. Guie' yaase'. Published as The Black Flower and other Zapotec Poems(Phoneme Media, 2015), her translation was shortlisted for the Best Translated Book Award of 2015.


In her career as a translator, Sullivan said the most important aspect is time, because time creates the space for trust to grow.


"Natalia Toleda and I just finished a book together, and the book itself was a process of about ten years,” Sullivan said. “We have been working together for 15 years at least, maybe a little more, and she’s just starting to trust me, frankly. It takes a long time to build that.”


It also takes time to visit the writer’s home country and to get to know as much as possible about the language and culture, which is often difficult because there is no relation between the Indigenous languages of Mexico and Spanish or English. 


“So, it’s starting from zero,” she states. “It takes a lot of learning and research. And besides time, it’s the dialogue that you develop with the author, and other people from the community. You have to ask tons of questions. Sometimes Natalia laughs at me and says, ‘More questions from you?’ You need to ask because you don’t know what you don’t know. Especially in poetry, you want to know the details. You’ve got to ask a lot of questions.”


Earlier in her career, Sullivan was a member of the Peace Corps in the Dominican Republic. She spent a lot of time with children there, and discovered a culture reliant on oral communication, with a lack of electricity and a lack of televisions. 


“People spend a lot of time talking. The kids would always come over to me with riddles, or sing songs, and I was trying to share these things I was getting. I was also trying to read a lot in Spanish. I wanted to share with my family or friends from home. And that’s what got me started,” she said.


When she started teaching Spanish, she learned more and more about different cultures.


“It was amazing that initially I did not know there were more than 68 languages in Mexico besides Spanish, and it was this mind-blowing thing, and a part of the learning experience about language,” Sullivan said. “It showed us how diverse and complex language really is. It kept exploding, because then you realize there are so many more languages in every culture, on every continent, than you know about.”


Sullivan particularly focuses on translating poetry because of its universal nature amongst humanity.


“What I have always loved about poetry is that it connects people. That’s why there is poetry in every culture and in every language. It's very human,” Sullivan said. “It’s connected to senses, sight, sound, even taste, and it’s a way to reproduce experience, or more than ideas. It’s about sharing experience from one person to another and maybe from one culture or language to another. It lends itself to understanding other people and to connecting with other people.”


Sullivan says the key to translation is deep listening.


"I used to think that translation is the deepest form of reading. It is because you don’t just read something; you read it so many times. But it’s even more about listening. I love when a poet can give me a recording so that I can listen to the music of it,” she said. “In order to understand it, I have to listen to the poet and to the poetry. And it’sreally helpful to memorize a poem, too. You're drawn into another world in a way once you can hear that original and internalize it somewhat.”


As she reflects on her work as a translator and teacher, the line between the two becomes beautifully blurred. 


“Translation and teaching are tied,” she says. 


Through the act of translation, students gain deep insight into language, literature, and culture—developing research skills and critical thinking along the way. It’s a process that demands close reading, cultural inquiry, and ongoing curiosity.


And while Sullivan shares her expertise, she also continues to learn—from her students, from contemporary texts, and from the ever-evolving conversation between languages and lives. 


“It’s a partnership,” she says. 


One that keeps both the classroom, and the translation work vibrant, connected, and deeply human."


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