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29 chapters and more than 60 exercises and activities covering vocabulary, grammar, and everyday conversations
The textbook aims to address a shortage of updated educational resources for Haitian Creole, the third-most-spoken language in Florida "A University Of Florida Professor Creates Haitian Creole Textbook To Preserve Language And Culture
The textbook aims to address a shortage of updated educational resources for Haitian Creole, the third-most-spoken language in Florida A University of Florida professor is working to modernize Haitian Creole education with a new textbook designed to address outdated learning materials while strengthening language accessibility and cultural representation, The Independent Florida Alligator reports. Benjamin Hebblethwaite, a professor in the university’s Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures, collaborated with University of Alabama assistant professor David Tezil to develop Kreyòl pale, a Haitian Creole textbook published in August 2025 following nine years of work. "We wanted to bring some more balance where we showed the culture in a more well-rounded, more representative way,” Hebblethwaite told the outlet. The textbook features 29 chapters and more than 60 exercises and activities covering vocabulary, grammar, and everyday conversations. Lessons address practical situations, including ordering food, dating, and searching for employment, to help students develop conversational skills. The resource also offers Haitian American students an opportunity to strengthen their connection to their heritage. Georffrey Pierre, a first-generation University of Florida student, told The Alligator that speaking Haitian Creole helps him maintain relationships with family members who are not fluent in English. He also emphasized the importance of making language-learning resources more widely available. Duchnah Richard, another first-generation student, said she speaks Haitian Creole but struggles to write it. She believes the textbook could help students navigate language barriers and improve their literacy skills. The initiative addresses a broader challenge facing Haitian communities, where some native speakers have limited access to formal instruction in reading and writing their language. Kreyòl pale is available as a free PDF through the University of Florida Digital Collections, expanding access to Haitian Creole education beyond the university classroom."
by Sidnee Michelle
October 18, 2026
https://www.blackenterprise.com/haitian-creole-textbook-language-culture/
#metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"La valorisation des langues africaines au cœur des enjeux de développement
octobre 17, 2026
Kinshasa, 17 octobre 2026 (ACP).- La valorisation des langues, des cultures et de l’histoire millénaire africaines au service du développement du continent est au cœur d’une tribune intitulée ‘‘Langues, sociétés africaines et développement’’, rédigée par un professeur congolais et consultée samedi par l’ACP en République démocratique du Congo (RDC). «Il n’existe pas, au sens scientifique, de langues intrinsèquement pauvres ou riches. Toutes les langues humaines possèdent une grammaire et permettent à leurs locuteurs d’exprimer des idéescomplexes, même si elles le font avec des structures différentes», a déclaré le professeur Raoul Ekwampok Ka’ndum, linguiste et enseignant à l’Université pédagogique nationale (UPN) de Kinshasa. Dans cette tribune, l’universitaire remet en question la distinction entre langues riches et langues pauvres, estimant que leur statut dépend davantage de leur histoire, de leurs usages et de leur reconnaissance sociale que d’une quelconque supériorité linguistique. «Une langue peut sembler riche parce qu’elle possède un vocabulaire très développé dans certains domaines, de nombreuses façons d’exprimer les nuances, les temps, les modes, les relations ou les émotions, ou encore une forte diffusion sociale, politique ou économique», a-t-il expliqué. À l’inverse, une langue peut paraître moins développée lorsqu’elle est marginalisée, insuffisamment documentée ou peu présente dans les systèmes éducatifs. Le manque de dictionnaires, de manuels scolaires et d’outils pédagogiques peut alors limiter son utilisation dans l’enseignement et la transmission des connaissances. Le professeur Ekwampok Ka’ndum estime que le mépris dont font l’objet certaines langues africaines, y compris de la part de leurs propres locuteurs, s’inscrit dans un contexte historique marqué par la domination occidentale. Il évoque notamment la traite négrière, l’esclavage, la colonisation et la néo colonisation, dont les conséquences culturelles et sociales continueraient d’influencer la perception des langues africaines. Cette situation appelle, selon lui, à restaurer la confiance des populations dans leurs langues maternelles et à renforcer leur place dans l’éducation, la recherche et la production des connaissances. Les langues africaines comme vecteurs de connaissances Pour cet universitaire, les langues africaines disposent des capacités nécessaires pour exprimer des savoirs scientifiques et accompagner l’évolution des sociétés, à condition de bénéficier d’une promotion et d’un travail de documentation adaptés. «Toute langue valorisée et dont on assure la promotion est un instrument réformable, adaptable à de nouveaux besoins de communication», a-t-il affirmé. Il estime que les langues peuvent enrichir leur vocabulaire afin d’intégrer de nouveaux concepts, notamment dans les domaines scientifiques et techniques. Leur développement nécessite ainsi des efforts de documentation, la production d’outils pédagogiques et leur adaptation aux exigences contemporaines. L’universitaire rappelle également que l’oralité précède historiquement l’écriture et qu’aucune langue n’estdestinée, par nature, à rester exclusivement orale. Toutes peuvent évoluer et servir à la production, à la conservation et à la transmission des connaissances. Journalistes et chercheurs appelés à agir Le professeur Ekwampok Ka’ndum interpelle les professionnels des médias ainsi que les scientifiques et les chercheurs sur leur responsabilité dans la valorisation des langues africaines et l’évolution des mentalités. «Vous, journalistes, et nous, scientifiques et chercheurs, avons le devoir de dire la vérité et de faire changer les choses. Positivement !», A-t-il souligné, insistant particulièrement sur le rôle des journalistes. Il considère que les médias peuvent contribuer à cette démarche en accordant une place accrue aux langues africaines dans l’information, la transmission des savoirs et la mise en valeur du patrimoine culturel du continent. Cet engagement doit, selon lui, s’accompagner d’un travail scientifique visant à documenter les langues, à développer les ressources pédagogiques et à favoriser leur utilisation dans différents domaines de la connaissance. Le thème «Langues, sociétés africaines et développement» a été développé lors des mélanges offerts au professeur émérite Mayaka Ma Kanda, les 19 et 20 août 2025. Il constitue également le titre d’un ouvrage collectif publié le 20 août 2026, selon les précisions apportées par le professeur Ekwampok Ka’ndum. Pour cet universitaire, la promotion des langues africaines doit aller de pair avec celle des cultures et de l’histoire millénaire du continent afin de préserver le patrimoine, de renforcer les identités et de favoriser un développement davantage ancré dans les réalités culturelles africaines. «Valoriser ou promouvoir les langues, les cultures et l’histoire millénaire africaines pour mieux penser le vrai développement du continent africain», a-t-il résumé. Le professeur Raoul Ekwampok Ka’ndum enseigne à l’Université pédagogique nationale (UPN) de Kinshasa. Il défend notamment la valorisation des langues africaines et leur contribution à la transmission des connaissances et au développement culturel en République démocratique du Congo. ACP/Bob Ambongo"
https://acp.cd/culture/la-valorisation-des-langues-africaines-au-coeur-des-enjeux-de-developpement/
#metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
Le Togo lance le Challenge national des langues locales pour collecter des données en éwé, kabiyè et moba et rendre l’intelligence artificielle plus inclusive. "À Lomé, le gouvernement veut faire entrer les langues locales du Togo dans l’ère de l’intelligence artificielle. La ministre de l’Efficacité du Service public et de la Transformation numérique, Cina Lawson, a lancé le 5 octobre dernier le Challenge national des langues locales, première étape du programme « Voix du Togo ». Apprendrelangue L’initiative ouvre une plateforme de contribution où les citoyens peuvent fournir des textes, des enregistrements et des traductions. Ces données serviront à entraîner des modèles capables de comprendre puis de traiter les langues parlées dans le pays. L’objectif est clair : permettre à un citoyen d’échanger un jour avec un service public numérique dans sa propre langue. Une collecte citoyenne et encadrée
Le dispositif démarre par une phase pilote d’un mois consacrée à trois langues : l’éwé, le kabiyè et le moba. Les organisateurs veulent d’abord tester la méthode de collecte avant de l’étendre progressivement aux autres langues du pays. Les participants créent un compte à partir de leur numéro de téléphone et indiquent les langues qu’ils parlent, lisent ou écrivent. La plateforme leur propose ensuite des tâches adaptées à leurs compétences : lire des phrases à voix haute, transcrire des enregistrements, traduire des textes ou vérifier les contributions d’autres utilisateurs. Apprendrelangue Cette organisation cherche à transformer la connaissance linguistique des citoyens en une ressource numérique collective. Chaque enregistrement, traduction ou correction alimente un corpus destiné à améliorer la compréhension automatique des langues togolaises. Des garde-fous linguistiques
La qualité des données constitue un enjeu central. Les contributions ne seront pas exploitées sans contrôle : des linguistes et des membres des communautés linguistiques devront les valider avant leur utilisation. Le Togo AI Lab, avec des étudiants, des chercheurs et des développeurs, prendra ensuite le relais. L’équipe exploitera les corpus validés pour entraîner et affiner les modèles d’intelligence artificielle. Des compétitions organisées sur la plateforme Zindi devraient également mobiliser la communauté technologique autour de ces données. Cartesdu monde Cette approche associe ainsi citoyens, universitaires et développeurs. Elle vise à éviter que les langues locales restent absentes des outils numériques, alors même qu’elles structurent la vie quotidienne, les échanges administratifs et la transmission culturelle. L’inclusion numérique en jeu
Le programme poursuit un objectif plus large que la seule innovation technologique. En rendant les services publics accessibles dans les langues locales, les autorités espèrent réduire les barrières linguistiques qui éloignent une partie de la population des administrations numériques. Les applications concernent plusieurs secteurs essentiels : l’accès aux services publics, la santé et la justice. Un citoyen maîtrisant mieux l’éwé, le kabiyè ou le moba que le français pourrait ainsi obtenir une information, comprendre une procédure ou interagir avec une plateforme sans dépendre d’un intermédiaire. Explorerla tech Le gouvernement prévoit également d’envoyer des agents de terrain dans les localités où l’accès au téléphone ou à Internet demeure limité. Ces équipes recueilleront directement les contributions afin d’éviter que la fracture numérique ne prive certaines communautés de l’initiative. Le défi consiste désormais à transformer cette mobilisation initiale en une base de données suffisamment riche, fiable et représentative. Si le pari réussit, le Togo fera de ses langues locales un instrument d’inclusion numérique, et non un patrimoine laissé en marge de la révolution technologique."
Helene Sourou
14 octobre 2026
https://www.journaldutogo.com/togo-challenge-national-langues-locales-intelligence-artificielle/
#metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
Some schools are using these keyboards to help students learn these endangered languages. "More Indigenous Languages Come to iPhone and iPad Keyboards in New Apple Update
Some schools are using these keyboards to help students learn these endangered languages. Students can use the iPad and other Apple devices to study Cherokee and other Native American languages.
Apple
When Apple released iOS 27 and iPadOS 27 in September, much of the buzz centered on the update’s revamped Siri AI. However, the update also brought a handful of new indigenous languages to the device’s keyboard, allowing users to type and send messages in Blackfoot and other languages. In the US, Monday is Indigenous Peoples’ Day, a federally recognized holiday honoring Native American heritage, culture and sovereignty. Some of the supported languages have only a couple of thousand speakers. Consider Cherokee, which has only about 1,500 fluent speakers in the entire world. Cherokee was the first Native American language Apple added to iOS back in 2010, and its inclusion has been seen by some as a welcome development. “The technology that we utilize with Apple has allowed us to take everything that we really are trying to achieve here, which is the perpetuation and the revitalization of Cherokee language and culture, and use that same technology to make it relevant to the young people that are learning here,” Chuck Hoskin Jr., principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, said, according to Apple. Teachers in Oklahoma are also using these tools in their classrooms to help more students engage with Native American languages. These tools can help students practice their pronunciation by allowing them to record themselves to revisit later. “In Cherokee language, every sound is so important,” Erlinda “Daksi” Soap, a fifth-grade teacher at Oklahoma’s Cherokee Immersion School, told Apple. “One sound off, and you’re saying a completely different word.” The Cherokee keyboard can be accessed and used across iOS devices. There are 85 characters, originally 86, in the written Cherokee language used to represent the sounds — or syllables — in the spoken language. Cherokee artist Roy Boney Jr. worked with Apple engineers to bring the Cherokee syllabary to Apple devices. “A big part of being Cherokee is you ensuring things like language and culture survive and continue,” he told Apple. High-schooler Olivia Daugherty graduated from the immersion school in 2024. She said she remembers her father teaching her to count and name animals in Cherokee as a child, and that she was nervous about losing her language and culture. Now, younger generations are helping to secure the language’s future. “I was worried about my language and culture, and the way I might lose my community, and I might lose my language,” Daugherty told Apple. “My niece, she’s a first-language speaker in our language … She’s one of the first in a very long time.” Zachary McAuliffe
Senior writer
Edited by Gael Cooper
October 12, 2026, 3:31 pm ET
https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/indigenous-languages-iphone-ipad-keyboards-apple-update/
#metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
Mokokchung | July 31 A one-day international conference on “Language, Literature, and Oral Tradition of the Ao-Nagas” was organized by Ao Riju (Ao Academy) and the Language Translation Centre (LTC), Fazl Ali College (FAC), Mokokchung, on July 31. The conference focused on the language, literature, and oral tradition of the Ao-Nagas, aiming to deepen understanding and appreciation of these elements in preserving cultural heritage. The event was held at the FAC Conference Hall and was sponsored by the Kohima Aor Pensioner Telungjem (KAPT). In the inaugural session, Limawati Longchar, Executive Member of Ao Riju, welcomed all attendees, both in-person and online, stating that the gathering was part of making history. Dr. Watijungshi, President of the Kohima Aor Pensioners Telongjem, highlighted the vulnerability of the Ao-Naga language, one of 191 vulnerable languages in India. He praised the organizers for their efforts in preserving Ao-Naga culture through this conference. He discussed the historical contributions to Ao linguistic development, starting with Dr. Edward Winter Clark’s introduction of Christianity and the publication of key language texts in the late 19th century. Despite these advancements, Ao literature is only taught up to the graduate level, unlike the Angami-Naga language, which has progressed further academically. Dr. Watijungshi emphasized the decline in Ao language use within families due to economic pressures and migration, advocating for the benefits of multilingualism. He called for making Ao language education compulsory, encouraging its use at home and in Sunday Schools, and creating accessible language resources. He urged scholars to continue their preservation efforts and reaffirmed the Kohima Aor Pensioners Telongjem’s commitment to supporting these initiatives. Marsanen Imsong, President of Ao Senden, said that Ao Riju is the crowning legacy of Ao Senden, and as such, Ao Senden will wholeheartedly support any initiative that promotes Ao Riju. Imsong stated that language is an integral part of one’s identity, and for the Ao language to attain the status of a scientific language, certain essential tools are required, including a standardized script, spelling patterns, grammar, and vocabulary development. “Language is a collective heritage, and it is imperative that we all contribute towards making the Ao language an accomplished and globally recognized language,” he added. In his keynote address on “Naga Culture and Language: Synthesizing New Research,” Dr. Roger Blench from the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, highlighted that Naga languages form a subgroup of Trans-Himalayan languages spoken in India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, aligning with culturally Naga peoples. While documentation of these languages has historically been poor, it is improving as more students contribute primary documentation, especially in Nagaland. He stressed the need for expanded research to recover threatened languages, unify scholarship beyond India’s borders, and conduct comparative studies on Naga material and immaterial culture. Preservation of architectural heritage is crucial, as many traditional elements are in danger. Blench concluded by urging the audience and their students to engage in research and preservation efforts to safeguard Naga languages and culture. The inaugural session was chaired by Prof. Pangersenia Walling, Department of Linguistics, NU, and Head of Language Division, Ao Riju, with the invocation by Rev. Dr. Prof. Mar Pongener, Executive Secretary, ABAM. The conference featured panel discussions and research presentations in both Ao-Chungli and English, aiming to explore the relationship between language, literature, and oral tradition and promote Ao cultural heritage.
The full extent of Southeast Asia's cultural diversity risks being ignored by AI models built on English and Mandarin Chinese. AI can help bridge Southeast Asia’s 1,000 languages—but the work ‘has to be done by Southeast Asians’ July 30, 2024 at 2:53 PM GMT+1 “AI models are built on data…and the region is not well represented in the digital space," said Leslie Teo, lead on the Southeast Asian Languages in One Network (Sea-Lion) project. With over 1,000 languages, Southeast Asia is one of the most linguistically diverse regions in the world—and that’s a challenge for businesses trying to operate with talent and customers right next door. “The language barrier can be a huge issue,” Kisson Lin, co-founder and chief operating officer for Singaporean AI startup Mindverse AI at the Fortune Brainstorm AI Singapore conference on Tuesday. “We have different colleagues from different regions speaking different languages. It’s not only that you [find] it hard to collaborate, but also hard to bond with each other.” But can AI bridge the linguistic divide, without eradicating the cultural nuances within a diverse population of 600 million? Solving this question can unlock new markets for global businesses. Lin pointed out that Alibaba’s sales revenue spiked once it started using AI to translate product information. AI might even help India’s prolific, multilingual entertainment industry “propagate to the whole world,” says Sambit Sahu, senior vice president of silicon design for Ola Kutrim, an Indian AI startup. Yet Leslie Teo, lead of the Southeast Asian Languages in One Network (Sea-Lion) project, said that hundreds of Southeast Asian languages present a unique challenge to developers. “AI models are built on data…and the region is not well represented in the digital space.” That means the richness of the area’s food, history, and culture—particularly from smaller language groups like Khmer and Lao—risks being left out. The benchmarks for judging AI’s performance are also largely driven by English and Mandarin Chinese...
Google bets on African languages, including Dyula, Wolof, Baoulé and Tamazight The Silicon Valley giant's translator has integrated 31 languages from the continent, spoken by over 200 million people. By Marine Jeannin (Abidjan, correspondent) Published yesterday at 4:50 pm (Paris) "Sran ng'ɔ bo alɛ'n i jɔ'n, ɔ diman alɛ sɔ'n wie." This Baoulé proverb is now translatable with Google Translate: "He who declares war does not participate in it." Since its new update on June 27, the software from the American giant has been able to translate 110 new languages, including Breton and Occitan, as well as 31 African languages, among them Tamazight (Berber), Afar, Wolof, Dyula and Baoulé. According to Google, these languages represent 200 million speakers on the continent. "Today, you can photograph a label in Mandarin and see it translated by Google Lens into Dyula," said Abdoulaye Diack, program manager at Google's artificial intelligence (AI) lab in Accra, Ghana, who said he wants to "bring communities together" with this new service. Establishing these translation models was a major challenge, given the lack of available resources. Half of the content written on the internet is in English. French accounts for just 3%, and the many African languages for less than 1%. "There are blogs and news sites in Swahili, Hausa and Wolof, but many African languages have predominantly oral uses," Diack explained. "So the first task was to identify the written sources available." In addition to these sites, some major texts have been translated into almost every language on the planet, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Bible and the Quran. 'An incentive effect' Google's teams then worked with linguists from several faculties, such as the University of Ghana, and NGOs to accumulate data on all the targeted languages. These components were then used to train Google's AI, a learning model called PaLM2, which has already been tested with almost 400 languages. "Artificial intelligence is like a child," Diack summarized. "The more data the model receives, the more it learns, and the better the result." Google's partners in the target communities – including organizations defending endangered languages and researchers – were asked to evaluate and improve the first AI translations until they reached a sufficient quality and quantity to launch the update. "This process takes several years. The results are not perfect, but they are satisfactory enough to be usable," explained Diack. "There are bound to be mistakes, but it will be useful for a lot of people." This view is shared by Ivorian linguist Jérémie N'Guessan Kouadio, co-author of a French-Baoulé dictionary, whom Le Monde asked to test the new Google Translate update. "The Baoulé language is inseparable from its orality," he said. "To improve the result, we'd need, for example, to be able to render tones, those phonemes that can change the meaning of a word, which we note with diacritical marks below the syllable. Take 'sa': If I pronounce it with a high tone, it means 'the hand.' But with a low tone, it means 'thus.' All the languages of Côte d'Ivoire work like that, including Dyula." Despite his reservations, N'Guessan Kouadio acknowledged that the software "has its uses." "For years, people have been trying to convince Africans – and Ivorians – that they can speak French or English, but also speak and write in their mother tongue," said the researcher. "I think software like this will have an incentive effect, particularly on young people in the diaspora who have drifted away from their language of origin." Speech recognition and synthesis Professional uses are also conceivable. The African languages previously added (five in 2020 and 10 in 2022, including Bambara, Lingala and Twi) are available as open source through Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), which enable a Google program or service to be connected. The software could also facilitate the work of human interpreters, predicted Yao Kanga Tanoh, from Côte d'Ivoire, whose translation orders mainly concern administrative documents: "Of course, I'll have to rework the result, but a machine translation will save me a lot of time." The Silicon Valley giant has no intention of stopping there. It has set itself the medium-term goal of integrating a thousand languages, prioritized according to several criteria: the number of speakers, the feasibility of the project in terms of the abundance of written resources, but also the desire of the relevant community. "People had been asking us for Wolof for years," said Diack. His team also intends to develop a speech recognition and synthesis system for the recently added languages, as already exists for the previous ones. With this technology, a telephone will be able to instantly repeat a French sentence in Baoulé, a particularly useful option for illiterate speakers. Google also claims to want to immortalize endangered languages, largely not used by younger generations. One of these is the N'Ko language, invented in 1949 by Guinean writer Solomana Kanté, with its unique alphabet designed to empower Mandingo communities by providing them with their own writing system. Marine Jeannin (Abidjan, correspondent) Translation of an original article published in French on lemonde.fr; the publisher may only be liable for the French version.
Sealaska Heritage Institute has published a trilogy of illustrated dictionaries in Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian languages in efforts to help preserve some of Alaska's native languages.
May 11, 2024 Society | May 10, 2024, Friday // 16:00 The official spelling and grammar dictionary of the Bulgarian language has been launched online for the first time, thanks to the BERON platform developed by the Bulgarian Academy of Science (BAS). Published periodically by the Bulgarian Language Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, this dictionary establishes norms in Bulgarian language usage and is regarded as the authority on proper speech and spelling. Introduced at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), the BERON platform falls under the Ministry of Education's domain. The timing of its unveiling was deliberate, being the day following Europe Day and preceding May 11, the feast day of Cyril and Methodius in the old calendar. BERON offers users the ability to both hear and see word characteristics. For instance, for each verb, users can access conjugations, forms across different verb tenses, and other relevant features. With approximately 2,400,000 forms, the platform serves as a comprehensive reference for spelling, grammar, legal language, and information on homonyms and doublets. It provides free, reliable access to information on the Bulgarian literary language, including a "Question of the Day" section, addressing inquiries frequently received by the Language Reference and Consultation Service of the Institute of the Bulgarian Language. Prof. Dr. Ruska Stancheva spearheaded the creation of the BERON project, naming it in honor of Dr. Peter Beron. The acronym BERON stands for "Bulgarian Language Resources Online" (Български езикови ресурси онлайн). Prof. Stancheva highlighted the importance of Beron's primer in shaping the Bulgarian literary language's rules, emphasizing the platform's aim to disseminate knowledge and assist people in their daily lives. The pronunciation of words on the platform is provided by actress Gergana Stoyanova, and a mobile version of the dictionary is also available.
Sortie d’un recueil de proverbes occitans Publié le 28/04/2024 à 05:11 La Dépêche du midi L’Institut d’Etudes Occitanes fédère une quinzaine d’associations dans le Département du Lot. L’IEO d’Olt poursuit son travail de diffusion et de vulgarisation de la langue et de la culture occitane, avec des actions d’animation et d’édition. Vient de sortir le recueil Sagesse du Quercy, 980 proverbes recueillis par l’abbé Lacoste (1851-1924), retranscrits et commentés par Jean Rigouste. Jean Rigouste est professeur agrégé de Lettres classiques. Il a enseigné dans divers lycées, à l’Université de Bordeaux III et à l’IUFM d’Aquitaine. Il a été chargé de mission pour les Langues Régionales au Rectorat de l’Académie de Bordeaux. Il est l’auteur de divers ouvrages en français et en langue d’oc, chroniques de toponymie et articles dans diverses revues. Les 980 proverbes qu’il présente dans l’ouvrage Sagesses du Quercy, ont été recueillis par l’abbé François Lacoste et proviennent de 39 communes, principalement situées dans les méandres de la vallée du Lot, entre Luzech et Soturac, avec une prédominance de Bélaye, où le collecteur passa son enfance, et d’Anglars-Juillac, où il exerça son ministère pendant une quarantaine d’années. On peut l’imaginer notant au jour le jour ce qu’il entendait, ce que lui rapportaient des gens qui devaient connaître sa passion pour les "choses du Quercy", comme il les appelait. Le manuscrit de ce recueil de proverbes se trouve à la bibliothèque du fonds ancien de Cahors. De traditions antiques et surtout diffusés par la tradition orale, les proverbes nous renseignent parfois sur des événements historiques. Ils témoignent de l’histoire des sociétés anciennes et de leurs milieux populaires. L’étude des proverbes et de leur origine intéresse les domaines des sciences humaines. Ce sont des moyens d’analyse des phénomènes sociaux et culturels. Leur intérêt pour les recherches linguistiques (formulations, vocabulaire…) est incontestable. Toute la sagesse populaire, avec l’observation fine de la nature, de l’environnement, de la météo, des caractères humains, de la sociologie, se retrouve dans ces proverbes. Une grande partie de ces proverbes présentés dans Sagesse du Quercy sont inédits, inconnus des recueils existants et d’une exceptionnelle richesse. Chaque proverbe est en graphie de l’auteur et en graphie normalisée occitane, suivi de sa traduction en français accompagné d’explications. La présentation de Sagesse du Quercy est à retrouver sur le site ieo-olt.org/actualitats/ onglet Edicions. Disponible dans les librairies Champollion (Figeac), Calligramme (Cahors), Des Livres et Vous (Gourdon).
The launch of the dictionary book of Esho Barutha The Barutha English-Syriac Dictionary stands as a testament to the unwavering dedication of Ishu Barutha, who initiated its creation in the 1970s to address the linguistic needs of the Assyrian community across the globe Ishu Barutha migrated to Australia with his family in 1966 and until his passing in 2003, devoted himself to serving his growing community.
Recognising the need for such a resource among the Assyrian community, one of his goals was to create an English-Syriac translation.
Existing dictionaries mainly focused on Syriac-Syriac, Syriac-Arabic, or Arabic-Syriac translations.
According to the 2021 Census, almost 60,000 people in Australia speak Assyrian. He always asked me to buy him a red pen, he loved to write in red ink, but he had great Assyrian handwriting. Edwina Barutha In the early 1970s, Barutha began his mission.
He collected English words from various dictionaries and sought their Assyrian equivalents.
Despite interruptions due to family commitments and unforeseen events, he managed to compile close to 35,000 words handwritten on large sheets of paper, which he later transcribed into journals, one for each alphabet letter. When a word processor in Assyrian was available, and with the help of his nephew, Albert Oshana, he once again transcribed all of his work using an Apple Macintosh computer that he purchased specifically for this purpose. However, his health declined in the early 2000s, leading to his death before it was ready for publishing.
Before his passing, his other nephew,, George Gewargis, uploaded all of his work on to a specially written database that he had created, moving everything from the Apple platform to Microsoft Windows.
To honour her father's legacy, his daughter, Edwina, sought help from her cousins to finish his work.
Together, they took on the project and formed a committee of Assyrian friends proficient in the language.
The committee held meetings to plan the project's execution and finally decided to assign the task of revising the dictionary to Hirmis Joudo, a proficient Assyrian linguist. It took me three years to finish editing this dictionary Hirmis Joudo In an interview, Joudo mentioned that Barutha's dictionary was not fully completed as it required grammatical structuring.
He classified each word into verbs, adjectives, and nouns, ensuring each Syriac meaning was included.
Editing the dictionary took him nearly three years of part-time to full-time work, yet it remained incompletely comprehensive. The committee held meetings to plan the project's execution. Leveraging the expertise of Oshana's brother, George Gewargis, a skilled computer programmer, they aimed to digitise and index the collected words.
Gewargis wrote a program to transfer data from a word processing platform onto floppy disks into a database.
Despite initial doubts, the program successfully exported all the data for further processing. I divided each English word into verbs, adjectives, and nouns, ensuring each Syriac meaning was included. Hirmis Joudo During the launch event, Edwina Barutha expressed her gratitude to everyone involved in the project and the community members who attended.
She mentioned the large attendance was testament to her father's respected reputation and hard work within the community. The softback Barutha English-Syriac dictionary comprises nearly 35,000 words and 747 pages. The Barutha Assyrian Language Centre published it as part of the centre's aim to become a specialised institution to set standards and commission research in the Assyrian/Syriac language.
In his speech, Gewargis said that the centre planned to make the dictionary available online, although this might take some time.
A new Tamil e-dictionary app that includes some 50,000 words could also be used by students for their examinations in the future. 25 Apr 2024 16:32 | Updated at: 26 Apr 2024 05:30 | 4 mins read A new Tamil e-dictionary app that includes some 50,000 words could also be used by students for their examinations in the future. Inspired by the handy dictionary devices used in Malay and Chinese exams, the new “The Agaram” Tamil e-dictionary app was conceptualised and tailored to the needs of Tamil-speaking students in Singapore. Unveiled on April 21 at the Umar Pulavar Tamil Language Centre, the app marks a significant stride in bridging the gap between traditional learning and digital innovation, ensuring Tamil’s accessibility and relevance to modern learners, said Mr Shahul Hameed, business development manager of Cosmic Consultancy, the company that launched the app. With support from the Lee Kuan Yew Fund for Bilingualism, a team led by local poet S. Thinnappan helped developed the app in a collaborative effort which included contributions from various academics. The team ensured the app’s effectiveness in nurturing linguistic proficiency among students, said Mr Hameed, adding that “the Agaram e-Dictionary is more than just a linguistic tool, it’s a gateway to empowerment”. Discussions are underway with the Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board to integrate the app into formal education systems, Mr Hameed noted. The app comprises some 50,000 Tamil words used in the Singaporean context, with its English translations, accurate audio pronunciation guides and grammatical contexts. Along with visual aids, the app also shows examples of how to use a word in a sentence. Mr Anbarasu Rajendran, CEO of the Singapore Indian Development Association, who was the guest of honour at the unveiling event, said he appreciated the efforts of the team and highlighted the importance of Tamil language learning and the app’s potential to enrich students’ language skills. Aishwarya, a student at Crescent Girls School, said: “While writing an essay, we tend to think of words in English. Tamil is an extensive language with 247 letters, it is difficult to find a synonym of a word in a big dictionary. By typing the English word in this app, the synonym appears quickly.” Rather than worrying about words, students can now focus on developing creativity and imagination, she added. Mr Hameed revealed plans to enhance the app’s functionality by incorporating features such as the thesaurus and lexicons. Accessible via www.minagaram.com, the Agaram e-dictionary app is also available on the Apple app store. It will be available for Android users on Google Play Store in the future. “The Agaram e-Dictionary is more than just a linguistic tool, it’s a gateway to empowerment.”
By Mohammed Balu, GNA Tumu, (UWR), March 21, GNA – Professor Issah Samuel Alhassan, the Dean of the Faculty of Ghanaian Language Education at the College of Education, Winneba has urged parents to make it prestigious for their children to embrace and speak the local language. “We must make accessible linguistic input in the language of their identity,” he said. Professor Alhassan said language was the bridge that connected people to their past and paved the way for the future. He was addressing the launch of the third edition of the Sisaali English Dictionary at Tumu. It was organised by the Sissala Literacy Development (SILAP) in collaboration with the Ghana Institute of Linguistics, Literacy and Bible Translation (GILLBT). It was attended by Directors of Education, representatives of the Members of Parliament, the Sissala East Assembly, chiefs and the public. He said Language carried the essence of a people, their values, beliefs, and traditions, and the medium through which people expressed their deepest thoughts, emotions and aspirations. “The Sissali language is not merely a means of communication; it is the embodiment of our collective identity, a testament to the resilience and ingenuity of our ancestors,” he said. He explained that for a group to abandon their language for any other prestigious language would be providing the enemy with a knife to cut the Sissala throat. “The launch of this dictionary is a salient move towards the preservation of the identity of the people, as dictionaries by themselves do not only present users with a list of words but it is a source of information on the socio-economic artefacts of the people to learn providing meaning of words, phrases, contextual meaning and the right pronunciation,” he explained further. He advised all to pass it on to future generations as a sacred trust by celebrating the beauty and power of the language, saying, “It is the lifeblood of the identity, the thread that binds together the people.” He challenged all to work in diverse ways by investing in and deliberately transmitting the language in all sacred forms to children and grandchildren who are the forebears of the Sissali tribe. Kuoro Richard Babini Kanton, the Paramount Chief of the Tumu Traditional Council, promised to support the learning of Sisaali language development at the tertiary level and urged every parent to buy a book each for their ward. Mr Moses Luri, a lecturer, at the University College of Education, who led the discussion on “The Teaching and Learning of Sisaali in the Basic Schools: Prospects and the way Forward,” congratulated the key stakeholders for the tremendous efforts made to write the Dictionary. Mr Luri called on the government to make the study of Ghanaian language a compulsory subject and not an elective, saying, “I still disagree with the current situation, where Ghana Education Service (GES) has directed Regional and District Directors of Education to make Ghanaian language an elective but not mandatory. “If only one subject must be taught in our Ghanaian schools, then it must be the Ghanaian language, it makes you a Ghanaian apart from all the above arguments,” he stressed. He called for efforts to be made in the short term to seek approval from GES- National Curriculum Accreditation Authority (NACCA) for the teaching, learning and examination of Sisaali at all levels of Education in the Sissala communities. The unveiling of the book was done by Professor Abdul-Mumin Selanwiah Salifu, the Principal of the Tumu College of Education. An initial sale of the Dictionary yielded GH¢3200. GNA
By Dheeraj Bengrut, Yogesh Joshi
Feb 04, 2024 07:18 AM IST The Sanskrit Dictionary initiative, a project spanning 76 years and 35 volumes, aims to create a comprehensive dictionary of Sanskrit to English.
PUNE Prasad Joshi, professor and general editor of Sanskrit Dictionary Project, at work with a researcher at the Department of Sanskrit and Lexicography, Deccan College, Pune. (Rahul Raut/ ht photo)
Prasad Joshi, professor and general editor of Sanskrit Dictionary Project, at work with a researcher at the Department of Sanskrit and Lexicography, Deccan College, Pune. (Rahul Raut/ ht photo) The Sanskrit Dictionary initiative is an expansive project that bears testimony to the perseverance and scholastic dedication of intellectuals over 76 years. This linguistic odyssey traces its roots to the year following India’s liberation from British rule. Catch the complete coverage of Budget 2024 only on HT. Explore now!
The project which was incubated at the Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute, in Pune, garnered support from the central government, finding an ally in the Central Sanskrit University (CSU), Delhi, last month. A memorandum of understanding (MOU) was signed between the two institutes with a focus on resource exchange to fortify the project, coupled with collaborative efforts in running Sanskrit courses. Prof Shrinivasa Varakhedi, vice-chancellor, CSU, said the institute has not been able to pick up enough projects due to funds constraints. “We have resumed working on fresh projects with support of education ministry. A year ago, work on the Sanskrit Dictionary project was brought to my notice. Apart from giving funds we will also collaborate on human resources,” he said.
Project review
The encyclopedic dictionary of Sanskrit to English, spans 2.2 million vocables and a staggering 10 million references, across 35 volumes, published through 6056 pages so far. According to Ganesh Devy, a language expert best known for his work on People’s Linguistic Survey of India, the project is unique because it is trying to exhaust the complete range of Sanskrit language. “This dictionary can be used to know real history about ancient times, and the Indian subcontinent’s relations with central and west Asia. More importantly, we will be able to interpret various ancient learnings in an appropriate way,” said Devy. The project’s initiation dates back to 1948. It was conceived and planned by SM Katre, former professor of Indo-European Philology and director of the Deccan college. The object was to render Sanskrit language into English. He embarked on the mission after participating in the Wilson Philological lectures, in UK, when he discovered that dictionaries existed for other languages but none for Sanskrit.
Spanning more than three generations of lexicographers, the dictionary project has become a legacy, with editors passing on the torch. The institute claims that the Sanskrit Dictionary surpasses the famed Oxford English Dictionary (OED) in magnitude, which has 0.5 million entries, 3.5 million quotations covering a span of 1000 years of the language.
In his book ‘The Wonder That Was India,’ noted professor, historian, author and an Indologist Arthur Llewellyn Basham asserted that this “dictionary, upon completion, would stand as the greatest work of Sanskrit Lexicography ever witnessed worldwide”. Basham, who passed away in 1986, taught luminaries such as Romila Thapar and Ram Sharan Sharma. “There are Greek and Latin dictionaries. But none exist for Sanskrit covering the history and timespan of that language – by history we mean the first piece of literature available, either oral or written. For Sanskrit, the Rigveda is the first available text evidence of the language,” said Prasad Joshi, Deccan College professor, and general editor of Sanskrit Dictionary Project since 2017.
Play with words
The dictionary focuses on how words and their forms have changed over time, and how their meaning has evolved. They are analysed logically and linked to various nuances and shades together. The encyclopedic nature of the dictionary provides information on the form of vocables as a guide, the part of the speech of the word to which it belongs, accent, etymology, derivation and the development in Indo-Aryan era. It was no easy task. “After identifying words, we collect their references. The scholars study the context and meaning before finalising the entries. It is checked, re-checked and edited, before it is sent for publishing,” said Joshi. It draws inspiration from a primary corpus of approximately 1500 Sanskrit treatises, spanning 1400 BC to 1850 AD.
Retired professor Jayashree Sathe, who was the general editor of the project between 2010 to 2017, said, “We faced serious challenges when I came onboard, as research scholars appointed for posts created by the central government retired, leaving us with a paltry support staff. When I started the work in 1985 there were around 38 to 40 research scholars and when I became the editor, we had a team of hardly 13 to 14 people. There was always a fear of the department shutting down due to shortage of manpower.”
She said the fruits of labour materialized with the release of the first volume in 1976, three years after its editing process began. Given that a team of around 20 linguistic and Sanskrit experts are working on the project, it might take more than a century for it to be complete, she added.
The dictionary has been categorised into 62 branches, such as veda, darśana, epics, dharmaśāstra and ancient lexicons. It also includes literature, poetics, dramaturgy, prosody, anthologies or topics with science as base such as mathematics, architecture, alchemy, agriculture, medicine and veterinary sciences. It also includes words pertaining to music, in-door games, inscriptions, warfare and economics.
Speaking about the way ahead for this project, Joshi said, “The first stage of compiling the data is complete and the second stage of upgradation has started, which is likely to be complete in 10 years. If manpower is increased, the editing process will be expedited we will be able to publish more volumes in one year.” Meanwhile, recognising the need for digital footprint, CDAC has been enlisted to spearhead the digitization of the works. “We don’t see youths coming to libraries to collect books. So, we will make the dictionary available online for people to access from across the world. In future, we will also create mobile apps,” said Joshi.
The magnitude of data makes it an important tool for various fields such as history, culture, linguistics, philology, computational linguistics, patents etc.
“It is definitive and comprehensive – in that sense it is unique,” said Devy. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
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Yogesh Joshi
Yogesh Joshi is Assistant Editor at Hindustan Times. He covers politics, security, development and human rights from Western Maharashtra.
Duolingo is ‘pausing’ its Welsh course despite high demand – we need robust forms of learning that aren’t driven by profit, says writer and documentary-maker Gwenno Robinson...` ""Perhaps, we were naive to ever think that tech companies could hold the answer when it came to revitalising endangered languages. After all, corporations such as Duolingo (a publicly traded company) will rely on a model of supply and demand. As much as they seem to want to support endangered languages, by introducing Scottish Gaelic, Irish and Welsh, they continue to be motivated by profit. The interests of endangered languages won’t ever be central. I spoke to Anna Luisa Daigneault, programme director at the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, who sees the power of the internet as a “double-edged sword”. On the one hand, the Living Tongues Institute has harnessed new technologies to create the Living Dictionary, an online platform that allows minority-language speakers to upload language data and share it with their own networks. But she warns we should be keeping in mind the larger power structures that are at play. She’s right. It’s a struggle for minority languages to be represented on the internet.""
Dans le Cotentin (Manche), Henri Gogibu a consacré une grande partie de sa vie à l’étude et à la préservation du normand local. Originaire de Siouville-Hague, il a grandi en parlant cette langue régionale, approfondissant ses connaissances une fois à la retraite. Membre actif de l’association des Amis du Donjon, de Bricquebec-en-Cotentin, Henri Gogibu a notamment contribué à l’atlas sonore élaboré par le linguiste Philippe Boula de Mareuil. Il a aussi écrit de nombreux textes en normand, dont Men vuus quêne (Mon vieux chêne), un récit disponible sur le CD Veillie normaunde (Veillée normande) édité par Magène en 2007. Donner vie à la langue normande Récemment, Henri Gogibu s’est cette fois attelé à la traduction des célèbres Fables de la Fontaine en normand du Cotentin. Les fables ainsi traduites ne restent pas simplement des œuvres littéraires, mais deviennent des témoignages vivants de la richesse de cette langue. Pour donner vie à ces fables, Henri Gogibu s’est associé à l’artiste Anne Hellegouarc’h, diplômée de l’école des Beaux-Arts de Caen. Animée par une observation fine de la nature et des animaux, Anne Hellegouarc’h a insufflé à ces fables une originalité graphique et une modernité inattendue. L’ouvrage, disponible en série limitée, met face à face la version en français et la version en normand. Ces livres sont disponibles au prix unique de 15 € à la librairie Ryst à Cherbourg, à la librairie La Chaloupe à Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, à la cidrerie Théo Capelle à Sotteville, ainsi qu’à la librairie Guillaume à Caen. Contact. Tél. 06 16 54 95 48.
American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes and Tribal Organizations have been awarded a total of $5.723 million to revitalize language their Native languages.
The Living Languages Grants are awarded by the Indian Affairs Office of Indian Economic Development and range in value from $200,000 to $300,000 per year for three years. The program targets Tribes whose languages are at risk of disappearing due to declining native-speaker population. The degradation of Native language is a result of more than a century of oppression and forced assimilation driven by federal Indian Boarding Schools that forbade Native children from speaking the language of their peoples. “Living Languages Grant Program funding supports Tribal communities in restoring and revitalizing their traditional languages, thereby preserving the essence of their cultural identities and sovereignty,” said Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs Bryan Newland in a statement. “Investing in Native language revitalization is just one part of our all-of-government approach to addressing the harms caused by federal policies of the past, such as Federal Indian Boarding School which actively worked to suppress Native languages and cultures.” The Living Languages Grant Program’s focus for fiscal year 2024 is on Native language immersion projects that support a cohesive Tribal community-approach through collaborative instruction based on current language immersion models. This year’s funding is intended for projects that provide an “all-of-community” language program with measurable outcomes that will be achieved within three years. The award recipients and amounts are: - Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, Oklahoma: $300,000
- Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, McLoud, Oklahoma: $300,000
- Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, Bayfield, Wisconsin: $300,000
- Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, Reno, Nevada: $300,000
- Sac & Fox Nation, Stroud, Oklahoma: $300,000
- Igiugig Village, Igiugig, Alaska: $299,999
- Sitting Bull College, Fort Yates, North Dakota: $299,928
- Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians, Coos Co., Oregon: $299,900
- Metlakatla Indian Community, Metlakatla, Alaska: $299,900
- Modoc Nation, Miami, Oklahoma: $299,807
- Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, Anadarko, Oklahoma: $299,279
- Kalispel Indian Community, Cusick, Washington: $298,552
- Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, Lower Brule, South Dakota: $296,273
- Lummi Tribe, Bellingham, Washington: $296,000
- Bundled Arrows Inc., Niagara Falls, New York: $288,098
- Shawnee Tribe, Miami, Oklahoma: $280,200
- Tribal Government of St. Paul Island, St. Paul Island, Alaska: $277,500
- Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes, Juneau, Alaska: $265,920
- San Carlos Apache Tribal Council, San Carlos, Arizona: $219,647
- Quechan Tribe, Yuma, Arizona: $201,997
Hanoi (VNA) – The first Arabic-Vietnamese dictionary made its debut at an event to mark World Arabic Language Day (December 18) held by the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Vietnam in Hanoi on December 17.
Representing the embassy at the event, Counselor Hamoud Naif S. Almutairi said Saudi Arabia attaches great importance to preserving and developing the Arabic language, and the country has made significant contributions to enhancing the status of the language, including efforts to have Arabic recognised as one of the six official languages of the UN, and one of the languages used officially in meetings of the UNESCO Executive Board.
As part of the above-mentioned efforts, the embassy has paid attention to popularising the language through collaboration with the embassies of other Arab countries and Vietnamese educational institutions that are currently teaching Arabic, he said.
It has supported the compilation of the dictionary to create the best possible conditions for the relevant teaching and learning activities, thus benefiting not only students and teachers but also Vietnamese people living and working in Arabian countries, the diplomat stressed.
According to the Chairman of the Council of the University of Languages and International Studies (ULIS) - Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Do Tuan Minh, as the first higher education institution in Vietnam to open bachelor's degree programmes in Arabic, ULIS has made significant contributions to the training of human resources in this major over the past 27 years.
The university has made great efforts in the compilation project, aiming to serve Arabic language teaching activities within the institution and provide support for individuals who are interested in learning this language, he said.
As part of events commemorating the World Arabic Language Day, the Saudi Arabia Embassy held an Arabic poetry recitation contest for Vietnamese students studying at ULIS and University of Social Sciences and Humanities (HCMUSSH) - HCMC National University./.
The publication of the dictionary will enable the Kazakh language to enter the Oxford Global Languages platform, the world’s most authoritative dictionary network. The dictionary was compiled by the Qazaq Tili International Community at the instruction of President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Kazinform News Agency reports via the Kazakh Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Acting President of Nazarbayev University Ilesanmi Adesida, Minister of Science and Higher Education of Kazakhstan Sayasat Nurbek, Majilis Deputy Issa Kazybek Zharylkassynuly, British Ambassador to Kazakhstan Kathy Leach, and President of Qazaq Tili International Community Rauan Kenzhekhanuly attended the presentation. What will be the future of language in the era of digital technologies and how can we preserve the language? As part of the seven-year concept approved by the Ministry, one of important areas is to preserve the language through its systematization in the digital world, since the preservation of the language lies in creation of a unified language corpus, systematically codified on digital and virtual platforms. This dictionary is the contribution to the entry of the Kazakh language to the global language corpus, which unites the vocabulary of 100 most important and basic languages of the world, Sayasat Nurbek said. Following official approval from the Oxford University Press and developed in accordance with the methodology and technology of Oxford English Dictionary, more than 50 linguists from the Akhmet Baiturssynuly Linguistics Institute were attracted to the compilation of the dictionary. The first edition contains over 60,000 words and spans 1,300 pages, with a circulation of 10,000 copies. Oxford University Press positions itself as the world's most reliable dictionary publisher. They adhere to very high standards in their work and set the same demands to their partners. A large-scale bilateral work has been carried out. We sent the dictionary for an expert review. Oxford University Press gave its official permission to publish the bilingual dictionary, which was developed with the consideration of the methodology and technology of Oxford English dictionary, Rauan Kenzhekhanuly said. The dictionary unveils the peculiarities of contemporary vocabulary of the Kazakh and English languages, including trends from modern culture, IT, medicine, economics, finance, and trade. It also contains short guidelines on English and Kazakh grammar, pronunciation, and spelling, as well as examples of business and electronic correspondence in Kazakh.
Closing date: Friday, 22 December 2023 23237 | Registry Deadline for Applications: 22/12/2023 (midnight The Hague time) Organizational Unit: Language Services Section, Division of Judicial Services, Registry Duty Station: The Hague - NL Type of Appointment: Fixed-Term Appointment Post Number: T-3236|T-3237|T-3238 Minimum Net Annual Salary: €56,301.00 Contract Duration: To be determined A roster of suitable candidates may be established for this post as a result of this selection process for fixed-term appointments against both established posts and positions funded by general temporary assistance (GTA). Organisational Context Within the Division of Judicial Services, the Language Services Section provides high quality language services to ensure efficient conduct of Court business; the Section provides language services to the Presidency, Chambers and Registry, i.e. translation, revision, editing of Court documents and terminology (assistance and guidance; language tools); consecutive and simultaneous interpretation required for meetings, trial hearings, press conferences, specialized seminars, diplomatic briefings and other events, held in-house or outside the seat of the Court; recruitment, training, and accreditation of field interpreters required to work for Registry officials in the field and/or at the seat of the Court; provision of relevant information ensuring that all service users are familiar with the procedures and types of all the language services provided and with the requirements of the professions in question. Duties and Responsibilities Under the broad supervision of the Chief of Section and under the direct supervision of the Head of Interpretation, while their work will be continually assessed by the Section's interpreter trainers, Paraprofessional Interpreters will follow an intensive training by qualified trainers: - interpret witness testimony and other subject matter including legal/forensic discourse, faithfully and proficiently, observing dedicated terminology and usage;
- provide consecutive and chuchotage interpretation with support from senior colleagues;
- participate actively in supervised training and utilise the training materials and opportunities provided for professional development; receive feedback and quality monitoring reports, and implement recommendations;
- prepare thoroughly for interpretation assignments; study witness statements, compile vocabulary lists; translate and proofread documents for interpretation assignments as part of the preparation;
- carry out transcript corrections as per the established procedures and coordinate the correction work of colleagues if necessary;
- actively contribute to the terminology and reference databases of the Section;
- strive to become independently operational interpreters.
Essential Qualifications Education: Advanced university degree, preferably in Interpretation, translation, linguistics or law. A first-level university degree in combination with two (2) additional years of qualifying experience is accepted in lieu of the advanced university degree. As the language in question is a language of lesser diffusion without possibilities of higher education, secondary school diploma will be accepted with additional years of experience substituting the absence of university degree and following the passing of an aptitude test. For those candidates who pass the aptitude test they will follow a period of intensive training after which further testing will be carried out. A panel will then determine if the trainee should be accredited to work in the courtroom at hearings. Experience: - A minimum of two (2) years of relevant professional experience may be considered as a substitute for a first level university degree. (No experience is required if in possession of an advanced university degree). d6iaXmN CWdHvF
- In lieu of the university degree, a minimum of six (6) years of professional experience after the completion of secondary education is required.
- Computer skills, relevant knowledge of politics and history, motivation for employment and commitment to training will also be assessed during the aforementioned test.
- Previous interpretation or translation experience is considered an advantage.
Knowledge of languages: Active languages must be Fur and Sudanese Arabic. Knowledge of English or Standard Arabic is required. A working knowledge of French could be considered an asset. Knowledge, Skills and Abilities: - Computer skills;
- Basic knowledge of international legal instruments, procedure and law (especially ICC);
- Knowledge of specialist subjects relevant for interpreting at the Court, namely legal, political, military, medical, forensic, human rights, administrative, financial and others;
- Knowledge of culture, history and politics in relevant countries;
- Communication skills, tact, diplomacy, discretion and ability to work in multicultural environment;
- Analytical skills;
- Interpreting skills;
- Ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with colleagues of different national and cultural backgrounds with appreciation of diversity;
NB: Shortlisted candidates will be invited to be tested for interpretation ability and training potential (aptitude test), followed by an interview. ICC Leadership Competencies Purpose Collaboration People Results ICC Core Competencies Dedication to the mission and values Professionalism Teamwork Learning and developing Handling uncertain situations Interaction Realising objectives Learn more about ICC leadership and core competencies. General Information - In accordance with the Rome Statute, the ICC is committed to achieving geographical representation and gender equality within its staff as well as representation of the principal legal systems of the world (legal positions). Nationals from the list of non-represented and under-represented States are strongly encouraged to apply. In addition, applications from women are strongly encouraged for senior positions at the Professional (P) and Director (D) levels. Posts shall be filled preferably by a national of a State Party to the ICC Statute, or of a State which has signed and is engaged in the ratification process or which is engaged in the accession process, but nationals from non-state parties may also be considered, as appropriate. - The selected candidate will be subject to a Personnel Security Clearance (PSC) process in accordance with ICC policy. The PSC process will include but will not be limited to, verification of the information provided in the personal history form and a criminal record check. All candidates should be in a position to submit an electronic copy of their passport and all diplomas listed on their profile when requested; - Applicants may check the status of vacancies on ICC E-Recruitment web-site; - The Court reserves the right not to make any appointment to the vacancy, to make an appointment at a lower grade, or to make an appointment with a modified job description.
Machine translation (MT) is the process of automatically translating text from one language into another using computer applications. Nov 17 2023 · 10:39 UTC | Updated Nov 17 2023 · 10:42 UTC
by John Caroline Machine translation has been very helpful to businesses seeking to improve the way they serve their customers. Let us help you understand all that there is to know about machine translation in this comprehensive guide. Before the inception of remarkable modern technologies, the global market was limited by language barriers which restricted the success of many businesses. While there are diverse languages across the nations of the globe, people from different races and ethnicities often find it difficult to interact with each other and execute certain transactions together, depriving them of several opportunities. Nonetheless, the challenges that come with these language differences have called for the need to build an infrastructure that allows languages to be translated and facilitates the process of communication. This idea has been brought to reality through machine translation (MT) which allows you to leverage computer applications to interpret languages. To help you grasp this concept better, here is a guide that will help you understand machine translation and describe its types, benefits, challenges, and lots more. Machine Translation Explained Machine translation can simply be defined as the process of automatically translating text or speech from one language into another using computer applications. The sole aim of this technology is to unify speakers of different languages together, allowing them to seamlessly communicate with each other with little or no barriers. Due to its design, machine translation features a system that takes the text in one language and converts it into another language while keeping the meaning and context as accurate as possible for its audience to understand. It employs advanced algorithms and machine learning to automatically convert text or speech from one language to another. This process generally involves preparing the input text or speech by cleaning and organizing it. Thus, the machine translation system is trained using various examples of texts in multiple languages and their corresponding translations. It learns patterns and probabilities of how words and phrases are translated from these examples. When you input new text for translation, the system uses what it has learned to generate the translation. In some cases, additional adjustments may be made to refine the results if necessary. While the machine translation system is trained via the data inputted into them over time, the data it is using can be either generic data, which is knowledge from all past translations, making them versatile for different applications, or custom data, where specific subject matter expertise is added to the engine, like in engineering or other specialized fields. Users can utilize either of the data depending on their needs. Machine Translation: Brief History The history of machine translation dates back to the 1950s when early computer scientists attempted to use computing power for language translation. However, the task’s complexity exceeded their expectations, and early machines lacked the necessary processing power and storage. It wasn’t until the early 2000s that software, data, and hardware reached a level where basic machine translation became possible. Developers used statistical language databases to teach computer translation, a process that required considerable manual effort. Notably, the 2010s marked a significant breakthrough with the rise of neural machine translation, introducing deep learning techniques and neural networks to translation models. Google’s “Google Neural Machine Translation” (GNMT) system in 2016 represented a pivotal moment in this technology’s development. Machine Translation Types While the technology behind machine translation systems has advanced significantly in recent years, it has adopted three primary approaches to automatically translate text or speech from one language into another. These approaches include rule-based machine translation (RBMT), statistical machine translation (SMT), and neural machine translation (NMT). Rule-Based Machine Translation (RBMT) Rule-based machine translation (RBMT) was an early approach to translation using predefined linguistic rules. It had low-quality output, required manual addition of languages, and significant human editing. RBMT relies on linguistic experts to create rules for source and target languages, resulting in grammatically accurate but often overly literal translations. While RBMT is precise for languages with strict rules, it struggles with context and nuance, leading to less natural translations. Developing and maintaining rules for various languages is labor-intensive, especially for languages with complex grammar. Additionally, RBMT may struggle with ambiguous phrases or words in the source text. This traditional method is rarely used today due to these limitations. Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) Statistical machine translation (SMT) uses statistical models to understand the relationships between words, phrases, and sentences in a text and then applies this knowledge to translate it into another language. While it’s an improvement over rule-based MT, it still has some of the same issues. SMT is being replaced by neural MT but is occasionally used for older machine translation systems. It stands out from RBMT as it doesn’t rely on predefined rules but learns from large bilingual text collections to make translation decisions. However, SMT has its limitations, such as being reliant on the availability and quality of parallel text data, struggling with context, and potentially generating less fluent or contextually accurate translations, especially for less common phrases. Neural Machine Translation (NMT) Neural machine translation (NMT) represents a modern approach to automated translation, leveraging artificial intelligence to mimic the continuous learning of human neural networks. Unlike older rule-based or statistical methods, NMT’s neural networks are responsible for encoding and decoding the source text. NMT is the prevailing standard in machine translation due to its superior accuracy, scalability to multiple languages, and faster performance once trained. It excels in capturing context and delivering fluent, contextually accurate translations. Nevertheless, NMT does have limitations. Its performance relies on the availability of large, high-quality parallel corpora for training. Additionally, training and deploying NMT models can be computationally intensive, often necessitating powerful hardware like GPUs or TPUs. Automated vs Machine Translation Let’s clarify the distinction between automated translation and machine translation, as they often get mixed up, however, they perform different roles. Automated translation involves incorporating features into computer-assisted translation tools (CAT tools) or cloud translation management systems (TMS) to automate manual or repetitive translation-related tasks. Its purpose is to streamline the overall translation process, improving efficiency. For instance, automated translation might initiate machine translation for a portion of the text as one of the many steps in a translation workflow. On the other hand, machine translation is all about using software to convert text from one natural language to another without any human involvement, unlike traditional translation. This is why it’s also referred to as automatic translation. Capabilities and Challenges Over the years, machine translation’s speed and volume capabilities have seen remarkable enhancements due to ongoing improvements in machine learning algorithms and hardware technology. It can now translate millions of words almost instantaneously and continues to get better as more content is translated. For high-volume projects, MT not only handles volume at speed but can also integrate with other software platforms like content or translation management systems to maintain organization and context during translation. Moreover, MT’s improved accessibility, offering translations in multiple languages, benefits both businesses and customers by eliminating language barriers and enhancing the customer experience. This expansion to a wider audience helps businesses grow their market share. Another advantage of MT is cost reduction. While human translators still play a role in refining translations to match the original content’s intent and localize it per region, MT does the initial heavy lifting, saving time and costs, even when post-editing by human translators is involved. Nonetheless, while machine translation is a cost-effective and quick solution for global expansion, it’s important to recognize the challenges it presents. These challenges include: - Accuracy and domain specificity. MT can struggle with precise domain-specific terminology and context, often producing translations that lack the depth of understanding that human experts can provide.
- Linguistic nuances. MT may miss subtle linguistic nuances, cultural references, or idiomatic expressions, which are crucial for conveying meaning accurately and effectively.
- Low-resource languages. MT is less effective for languages with limited available training data, as it relies on extensive bilingual corpora for training.
- Machine translation post-editing. To address issues with MT quality, businesses often employ human post-editors to refine the translations. This adds a layer of cost and time.
- Privacy. When sensitive or confidential information is involved, relying solely on MT can pose privacy risks. Human involvement is necessary to maintain data security and confidentiality.
Future of Machine Translation: Will It Replace Humans? Translation technology has made significant advancements, but it’s unlikely to completely replace human translators. While machine translation tools like neural machine translation (NMT) are proficient in handling straightforward, repetitive tasks and providing quick translations, they still struggle with context, nuance, and understanding the cultural and linguistic subtleties that human translators excel at. Human translators bring cultural and contextual insights to their work, ensuring that translations are accurate, idiomatic, and sensitive to the nuances of the source and target languages. They are indispensable in complex or specialized fields like legal, medical, or creative content, where precise and culturally appropriate translations are critical. Machine Translation Engines The main providers of generic machine translation engines include Google Translate, Microsoft Translator, DeepL, and IBM Language Translator. These providers offer pre-trained models for a wide range of languages and general translation needs. For custom machine translation engines, there are specialized companies like Lilt and Iconic Translation Machines that offer tailored solutions for specific industries or organizations. Final Thoughts Machine translation (MT) has added lots of value to the global space, eradicating barriers to language differences while allowing people to seamlessly access translations to languages they do not understand. While this has greatly impacted businesses worldwide, especially those that hold international deals, it has also impacted the social life of many as it tends to strengthen relationships among people of different languages. As this technology continues to evolve, the world will soon overcome every limitation that tends to come with language barriers using efficient computer tools.
A Bible translation agency is working to translate the Word of God across the world, especially in countries where Christianity is not welcome.
Bible Translation Agency Helps Iran Translate the Bible into Native Language
Milton Quintanilla | Contributor for ChristianHeadlines.com | Published: Nov 17, 2023
A Bible translation agency is working to translate the Word of God across the world, especially in countries where Christianity is not welcome.
The translation agency unfoldingWord, has helped Christians in Iran and other countries worldwide translate the Gospel into their native language.
In an interview with The Christian Post, a representative from unfoldingWord, Evan Thompson, who used a fake name or pseudonym for protection, explained how there are people worldwide who lack a Bible in their own language.
"There are 1.45 billion people in the world who speak about 5,500 languages that do not have the whole Bible in their heart languages. ... The Church has expanded exponentially in the last 20 years. And what these folks have learned is that you can lead someone to Christ, but if they don't have a church, they don't survive on their own," Thompson said.
"You can start a church, but if that church doesn't have the Bible in its heart language, it will typically only last one generation. Iran, for example, has churches operating underground. And there are thousands of underground churches in many other parts of the world," he added.
While Thompson praised the “marvelous work” by translation agencies worldwide, he noted a decline in the number of Western Bible translators that Bible translation agencies can send overseas.
“The group that founded unfoldingWord developed a way to address this problem. We call it church-centric Bible translation. ... It's Bible translation incorporated into the life of the Church as part of its discipleship," Thompson noted.
"Most unreached people have neighbors who know Christ, and they're taking the Gospel to them. And what unfoldingWord does is we equip the Church in every people group with a goal of translating the Bible in every language."
He shared that the organization helps local churches translate the Bible by supplying people groups with open-source software and open-licensed biblical content that's breaking the copyright barriers to source texts. Additionally, unfoldingWord also has comprehensive translation guides to respond to difficult Bible translation questions and provides necessary doctrinal education to protect the theological integrity of the translations. "unfoldingWord provides training for indigenous Bible translation teams over Zoom and sometimes in neutral locations," Thompson said. The training locations remained undisclosed to protect workers in certain countries where Christianity is not welcome. "Our training allows for indigenous Bible translation teams to be able to use best practices when they are translating the Bible for themselves. One of the ways that I like to say it is: 'We don't make Bible translations. We help develop Bible translators.' Because that's what the Church really needs all over the world." One Iranian woman, using the pseudonym Miriam, told the Christian Post about how she has risked her life in translating unfolding Word's Open Bible story resources from Farsi into other Iranian dialects in preaching the Gospel. "I cannot even imagine leaving this work unfinished. I must complete this work and see the result. I want to see my beloved ones experience salvation in Christ. This is my dream; that my people can talk about God and speak His name freely without hesitation; without fear, they can talk about God," she said. According to Open Doors USA, Iran ranks number 8 when it comes to countries where Christian persecution is most rampant. Another Iranian woman, under the pseudonym Stella, shared that she’s working on translating the Scriptures into her native language. Her sister-in-law converted to Christianity in light of her translation work on the Bible. In the past five years, Stella worked alongside her family in reviewing the Bible translation and now works in a larger translating group. "I love my mother language. I'm telling the poetry; I write the context. I write the sentence. I record it. … I know all of this is God's work for us. God wants us to do this. … I am thinking about my mom, my father, my childhood. And everyone that doesn't have it right now. I really want to bring God to my town and my people," she said. Milton Quintanilla is a freelance writer and content creator. He is a contributing writer for Christian Headlines and the host of the For Your Soul Podcast, a podcast devoted to sound doctrine and biblical truth. He holds a Masters of Divinity from Alliance Theological Seminary.
#metaglossia_mundus
By AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS NOVEMBER 18, 2023 New research explores how language ideologies and inter-community interactions impact language shifts in multilingual societies. Utilizing a quantitative approach and mathematical modeling, the research reveals how individual language preferences and societal dynamics influence the survival, coexistence, or extinction of language varieties. The findings have implications for linguistics, applied mathematics, and language preservation policies. The life or death of a language often depends on individual preferences and social prestige. Researchers from the University of the Balearic Islands have shown through a mathematical model how language preferences and societal interactions affect the coexistence and survival of languages in multilingual societies, with significant implications for language preservation and policy-making. Language has the power to shape our perceptions and interactions with the world. Different languages can coexist, but their dynamics are shaped by the communities that speak them – and how those communities interact with each other. Shared beliefs, assumptions, and feelings toward specific language forms often determine whether a specific language will survive or disappear, especially within multilinguistic societies. Research Insights on Language Shift In Chaos, by AIP Publishing, researchers from the University of the Balearic Islands in Spain incorporate language ideologies, along with the impact of interaction between individuals with opposing preferences, on the language shift process. “Our findings lead to the conclusion that the more mixing that occurs between different social groups, the more challenging it becomes for language varieties to coexist within the same society,” said author Pablo Rosillo-Rodes. “The dynamics of the system has a subtle dependence on both the preferences of the speakers and the coupling between different communities.” Ideologies lead to linguistic attitudes expressing favor or disfavor toward a language. A study on language dynamics in multilingual societies reveals how individual preferences and community interactions influence the survival or extinction of languages, providing insights for linguistics and language preservation. Credit: Adrián García (IFISC, UIB-CSIC) Existing work from sociolinguistics showed that the social prestige of a language was considered the main factor leading to its extinction or survival. Insights in language contact from these previous studies, in combination with sociolinguistic studies on language ideologies, were used by the researchers to present a comprehensive picture of how language varieties are distributed in societies. Mathematical Modeling in Linguistics The team chose a quantitative approach based on a society in which only one language with two varieties, the standard and the vernacular, existed. The resulting mathematical model can predict the conditions that allow for the coexistence of different languages, presenting a comprehensive view of how language varieties are distributed within societies. Individual preferences for specific languages play a pivotal role in language dynamics, sometimes overcoming any social prestige associated with a particular language variety. Findings on Language Coexistence and Extinction Under certain conditions, various levels of interaction between people with different language preferences can lead to the extinction of one of the languages. However, the event can be followed by the return of the dead language and ultimately its eventual dominance. By studying finite-size effects, the researchers also found that the duration of the coexistence of language varieties increases exponentially with society size. “This work influences linguistics with quantitative perspectives, contributes to models of applied mathematics, and encourages interdisciplinary collaboration while emphasizing the need for more comprehensive data in computational linguistics,” said Rosillo-Rodes. “It holds significant insight for language planning and public policies aimed at preserving endangered languages.” Reference: “Modeling language ideologies for the dynamics of languages in contact” by Pablo Rosillo-Rodes, Maxi San Miguel and David Sánchez, 14 November 2023, Chaos.
DOI: 10.1063/5.0166636
Archaeologists discovered a new language this week. It was written on cuneiform clay tablets at a UNESCO site in Turkey that was once the capital of the Hittite Empire. This was one of Western Asia’s great powers during the Late Bronze Age. Excavations have gone on at the site for a hundred years. Over the last four decades, researchers have unearthed 30,000 clay tablets. Most of them are in Hittite, the oldest known Indo-European language. A number of them show other languages, including Luwain, Palaic, and Hattic. As researchers poured over the tablets, they realized some displayed a totally new language. No one knows what the words on the tablets mean, but they are clearly not in a known vernacular. They may be part of a ritual. Researcher Daniel Schwemer admits that he is not overly surprised by the discovery. The Hittites had “a particular interest in recording rituals in foreign languages,” he commented in a press release. The Hittite king’s scribes would have written the texts. The Hittites controlled vast regions, from Anatolia to the northern Levant to northern Syria. Another researcher involved in the excavations believes that this culture’s interest in other rituals and religions served a purpose. As their empire expanded, it engulfed communities with different religions and unfamiliar gods. The tablets detail thousands of different deities. By embracing other religions, the empire may have gained the respect of its new subjects. Master chroniclers The Hittites were master record keepers. Other tablets contained treaties, decrees, prayers, myths, and incantation rituals, alongside records of their battles and laws. They were one of the most formidable military powers of the time, regularly clashing with the Egyptians for dominance. They eventually entered into the world’s first peace treaty. The empire was born around the time of the invention of the alphabet. Their meticulous chronicling is a rich trove of information about life during this period. Researchers have named the language Kalašma because it seems to have been used by the people from that place. An introduction, in Hittite, on one of the tablets roughly translates as, “From now on, read in the language of the country of Kalašma.” Kalašma was an area on the northwestern edge of Hittite. Its people fought with the Hittites against the Egyptians. What is surprising is that the language shares the most similarities with Luwain dialects, although geographically Kalašma was far closer to Palaic. The team hopes to publish more findings next year as they frantically try to decipher the tablets. Rebecca McPhee is a freelance writer for ExplorersWeb. Rebecca has been writing about open water sports, adventure travel, and marine science for three years. Prior to that, Rebecca worked as an Editorial Assistant at Taylor and Francis, and a Wildlife Officer for ORCA. Based in the UK Rebecca is a science teacher and volunteers for a number of marine charities. She enjoys open water swimming, hiking, diving, and traveling.
Xinhua by teleSUR/ GSD "The new university aims to contribute to the construction of a society based on recognition and respect for its linguistic, ethnic and cultural diversity. The Mexican government released on Monday a decree formalizing the creation of the University of Indigenous Languages of Mexico (ULIM). The decree signed by the Mexican President, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, and officials of Finance, Culture and Education was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation (DOF). ULIM was thus officially established, after being inaugurated in Mexico City on October 12, the date commemorating the beginning of the conquest of America. According to the document, the university will legally be a "decentralized public agency" that will be part of the Ministry of Public Education (SEP). The government seeks "to provide higher education for the training of professionals in indigenous languages at the undergraduate, specialty, master's and doctorate levels, in school, non-school, mixed and dual modalities." The tweet reads, "Federal Executive publishes decree creating the University of Indigenous Languages of Mexico." The purpose of the new university will be to carry out research, promotion and outreach activities in order to protect, revitalize, strengthen and develop the linguistic heritage of Mexico's indigenous peoples, and contribute to the construction of a society based on recognition and respect for their linguistic, ethnic and cultural diversity. ULIM currently enrolls 24 women and 28 men who speak Nahuatl, Huasteco, Wixárika, Mazahua, Mazateco, Mixe, Mixteco, Otomí, Tepehuano, Tlapaneca, Tojolabal, Tzotsil (Tsotsil), Zapoteco and Spanish, and are studying for a degree in Indigenous Language Teaching. Next year, the following courses will also be offered: Translation and Interpretation in Indigenous Languages; Indigenous Literature and Intercultural Indigenous Communication. The ULIM's functions will include having programs of study, models and educational methods with official validity; issuing certificates, diplomas, titles and academic degrees to those who complete their studies in accordance with the plans and programs of study. It will also seek to promote links with indigenous peoples and communities to strengthen their initiatives and processes related to the revitalization, protection and development of indigenous languages in order to be an open academic space for collective construction, the decree states. This new step follows the creation of the National Institute of Indigenous Peoples (INPI) in a country that has a total of 68 native languages belonging to 11 linguistic families, from which more than 360 linguistic variants are derived." #metaglossia_mundus
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Curated by Charles Tiayon
Translator,
Lecturer and Consultant in Translation, Terminology, Lexicography and Intercultural Issues
Founder and CEO, METAGLOSSIA
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