Alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2) maintain pulmonary homeostasis by producing surfactant, expressing innate immune molecules, and functioning as adult progenitor cells for themselves and alveolar epithelial type I cells (AEC1).
Mucosal Immunity
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Protochordates, including Ciona intestinalis , lack an adaptive immune system but possess innate immune receptors, including the secreted immunoglobulin V-region-containing VCBPs. 
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major source of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
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Our mucosal surfaces are the main sites of non-vector-borne pathogen entry, as well as the main interface with our commensal microbiota.
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The induction of high levels of systemic and mucosal humoral immunity is a key goal for many prophylactic vaccines. However, adjuvant strategies developed in mice have often performed poorly in the clinic.
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Since 2012, at least 1,500 individuals have developed Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), resulting in more than 500 fatalities. Only now are results being reported of the first autopsy of a MERS patient, which was performed in 2014.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Since 2012, at least 1,500 individuals have developed Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), resulting in more than 500 fatalities. Only now are results being reported of the first autopsy of a MERS patient, which was performed in 2014. Not only do these findings, published in The American Journal of Pathology, provide unprecedented, clinically-relevant insights about how MERS progresses, they challenge previously accepted ideas about MERS and the relevance of current animal models. no comment...
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The skin is an important barrier organ and frequent target of autoimmunity and allergy. In this study, we found innate-like B cells that expressed the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the skin of humans and mice.
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IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is expressed in many types of blood cells and plays critical roles in cellular differentiation and function. However, the role of IRF8 in nonhematopoietic systems remains poorly understood.
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Dietary antigens limit mucosal immunity by inducing regulatory T cells in the small intestine https://t.co/qPZQ4UHQCU #rdchat #rd2b
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The impact of HIV-1 on ILCs remains unknown. Kløverpris and colleagues find that ILCs are rapidly depleted from the blood of HIV-1-infected individuals during acute infection.
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The link between lung cancer and HPV antibodies
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Purpose By using hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha conditional knockout (HIF-1α CKO) mice and a dry eye (DE) mouse model, we aimed to determine the role played by delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4)/Notch signaling and HIF-1α in the...
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Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
This latest work builds on previous studies that have shown that beneficial bacteria, known as commensals, can modulate tissue status, including the effect they have on Treg cells. These cells are known to regulate immune activity, but details on this mechanism have never been clear. This issue is especially significant at barrier surfaces, such as in the gastrointestinal tract, where large numbers of epithelial cells detach and die via apoptosis. Prior to this study, it had also been unclear whether these dying cells had any particular effects.
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If you’re healthy, your immune systems won’t change that much throughout your lifetime. The biggest upheaval? Moving in with a partner and having kids
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ConclusionsTime and concentration of secreted Ara h 2 in breast milk appears to be individually regulated.
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CD4+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells the regulate immune responses and prevent autoimmunity.
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Immunoglobulin A (IgA), the most abundantly secreted antibody isotype in mammals, not only provides direct immune protection to neonates via maternal milk but also helps program the infant immune system by regulating the microbiota.
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CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cell therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. To be effective, Treg cells should be in an activated state in the target tissue.
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regional immunology
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Background Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a new family of innate immune cells that have emerged as important regulators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation.
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lung
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Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant human pathogen causing annual epidemics and periodic pandemics.
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NewsResearchers decided to test dupilumab, a human antibody which already demonstrated clinical efficacy for asthma and atopic dermatitis, on nasal polyps.Contributed Author: Ghent UniversityTopics: Drug Development...
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Science. 2016 Jan 28. pii: aac5560. [Epub ahead of print]
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New research has revealed that a key immune system component -- innate lymphoid cells (ILC) -- is destroyed during acute HIV infection. This may play a key role in understanding the progression of the disease from HIV to AIDS.
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![Helicobacter pylori: An Update on Diagnostic Testing [Hot Topic] | Mayo Medical Laboratories | Mucosal Immunity | Scoop.it](https://img.scoop.it/BJgJrEudFe5JpuZjkr6Kqzl72eJkfbmt4t8yenImKBVvK0kTmF0xjctABnaLJIm9)
With approximately 50% of the world population seropositive for antibodies to Helicobacter pylori, accurate identification is critical to identify patients who are suffering from gastric ulcers as a result of infection.
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