Author Summary Mammals express abundant antimicrobial peptides, including α-defensins, to protect their epithelial surfaces from microbes.
Mucosal Immunity
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A pioneering researcher who also helped develop a vaccine for rabies, Dr. Koprowski never won much recognition for his polio breakthrough, since it was not widely used in the United States.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
famous or famous or not... he died in 2013! many obituaries available 
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Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 Feb 1;57(2):746-758. doi: 10.1167/iovs.15-18615.
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Given the critical role of mucosal surfaces in susceptibility to infection, it is imperative that effective mucosal responses are induced when developing efficacious vaccines and prevention strategies for infection.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Given the critical role of mucosal surfaces in susceptibility to infection, it is imperative that effective mucosal responses are induced when developing efficacious vaccines and prevention strategies for infection. Modulating the microbiota in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through the use of probiotics (PBio) is a safe and well-tolerated approach to enhance mucosal and overall health. We assessed the longitudinal impact of daily treatment with the VSL#3 probiotic on cellular and humoral immunity and inflammation in healthy macaques. PBio therapy resulted in significantly increased frequencies of B cells expressing IgA in the colon and lymph node (LN), likely because of significantly increased LN T follicular helper cell frequencies and LN follicles. Increased frequencies of IL-23+APCs in the colon were found post-PBio treatment, which correlated with LN T follicular helper cells. Finally, VSL#3 significantly downmodulated the response of TLR2-, TLR3-, TLR4-, and TLR9-expressing HEK293 cells to stimulation with Pam3CSK4, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, LPS, and ODN2006, respectively. These data provide a mechanism for the beneficial impact of PBio on mucosal health and implicates the use of PBio therapy in the context of vaccination or preventative approaches to enhance protection from mucosal infection by improving immune defenses at the mucosal portal of entry. Probiotics entering JI! too early, too small again
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Le microbiote est l’une des plus fascinantes énigmes du vivant. J’ai souhaité donner une autre vision des microbes, de ceux qui, étrangers et nôtres, nous habitent et sans lesquels nous ne...
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par Patrice Debré
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Background and Aim
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Methods A high-fat diet induced an NAFLD mouse model, and lymphocytes were labeled with 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3 tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide and carboxy-fluorescein succinimidyl ester, respectively, and intravenously injected to mice to monitor lymphocyte migration. Results
Adoptive transfer model results indicated that compared with lymphocytes from the spleen, bone marrow and thymus of NAFLD donor mice, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) cells from NAFLD donor mice predominately accumulated in the livers of NAFLD recipient mice.
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Welcome to the 10th European Mucosal Immunology Group meeting (EMIG 2016) Dear colleagues, It is a pleasure to invite you to participate in the 10th Annual Meeting of the European Mucosal Immunology Group [...]...
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Purpose: Research has not convincingly demonstrated the utility of saliva secretory immunoglobulin-A
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SMI Protocols are the official procedures of thought leadership.
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The host immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
The aim of the study was to clarify the immune pathogenic mechanism ofHelicobacter pylori infection via TLR signaling and gastric mucosal Treg cells in mice. To discover the underlying mechanism, we selectively blocked the TLR signaling pathway and subpopulations of regulatory T cells in the gastric mucosa of mice, and examined the consequences on H. pylori infection and inflammatory response as measured by MyD88, NF-κB p65, and Foxp3 protein expression levels and the levels of Th1, Th17 and Th2 cytokines in the gastric mucosa. We determined that blocking TLR4 signaling in H. pylori infected mice decreased the numbers of Th1 and Th17 Treg cells compared to controls (P < 0.001–0.05), depressed the immune response as measured by inflammatory grade (P < 0.05), and enhanced H. pylori colonization (P < 0.05). In contrast, blocking CD25 had the opposite effects, wherein the Th1 and Th17 cell numbers were increased (P < 0.001–0.05), immune response was enhanced (P < 0.05), and H. pylori colonization was inhibited (P < 0.05) compared to the non-blocked group. In both blocked groups, the Th2 cytokine IL-4 remained unchanged, although IL-10 in the CD25 blocked group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MyD88, NF-κB p65, and Foxp3 in the non-blocked group were significantly lower than those in the TLR4 blocked group (P < 0.05), but significantly higher than those of the CD25 blocked group (P < 0.05). Together, these results suggest that there might be an interaction between TLR signaling and Treg cells that is important for limiting H. pyloricolonization and suppressing the inflammatory response of infected mice.
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Publication date: Available online 20 February 2016 Source:Veterinary Microbiology Author(s): Vincent Peton, Koen Breyne, Lucie Rault, Kristel Demeyere, Nadia Berkova, Evelyne Meyer, Sergine Even, Yves Le Loir Staphylococcus aureus (S.
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Dietary Antigens Limit Mucosal Immunity by Inducing Regulatory T Cells in the Small Intestine Kwang Soon Kim, Sung-Wook Hong, Daehee Han, Jaeu Yi, Jisun Jung, Bo-Gie Yang, Jun Young Lee, Minji Lee, Charles D. Surh The gastrointestinal organs are chronically exposed to massive amount of diverse enteric antigens (Ags), most derived from diet and intestinal microbes both of which are benign and beneficial …
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original content on http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2016/01/27/science.aac5560.long
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ConclusionSmokers and nonsmokers developed gingival inflammation after supragingival biofilm accumulation, but smokers had less bleeding, higher proportions of periodontal pathogens and distinct host‐response patterns during the course of...
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Le 9 février 2016, l’Institut Pasteur de Tunis a eu le plaisir d’accueillir le Pr Philippe Sansonetti pour une conférence intitulée : Le microbiote intestina...
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youtube everywhere pour le son c'est pas mal pour les supports c'est plus dur un résumé sur https://www.college-de-france.fr/media/philippe-sansonetti/UPL58092_FR_3.2_SANSONETTI.pdf une conférence du même en 2013 en vidéo à l'institut de France
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pa ) and Aspergillus fumigatus ( Af ) colonize cystic fibrosis (CF) patient airways.
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RA is a complex multifactorial chronic disease that transitions through several stages.
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Introduction Pulmonary vascular endothelial activation has been implicated in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), yet little is known about the presence and role of endothelial activation markers in the alveolar space in ARDS.
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Homing of CD8+ T lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment is an important step for mounting a robust antitumor immune response. TGF-β is responsible for CD103 (αEβ7) integrin induction in activated intraepithelial CD8+ T lymphocytes.
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... However, the interplay between TGF-β and CD103 and their contribution to T-cell infiltration and antitumor activity remain unknown.... Collectively, findings suggest that the abundance of TGF-β in the tumor microenvironment may in fact engage with integrin signaling pathways to promote T-lymphocyte antitumor functions, with potential implications for T-cell-based immunotherapies for cancer.
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This study evaluated the associations between clinical, microbiological, and antibody activity manifestations of periodontitis in 123 adult rural Chinese subjects with no dental intervention.
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The antibody response showed weak or no correlations with bacterial load or with disease severity. We conclude that the bacteria investigated are resident in the subgingival plaque; that their load and proportions in the pocket may be ecologically driven; and that the antibody response is based on bacterial carrier state rather than on disease. The different antibody-response pattern found between the individuals may suggest that each individual could be classified as a good or a weak immune responder.
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Mucosal Immunology is the official publication of the Society of Mucosal Immunology (SMI). It aims to provide a forum for both basic and clinical scientists to discuss all aspects of immunity and inflammation involving mucosal tissues.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are major contributors to the healthcare burden associated with acute exacerbations of chronic airway disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Cellular responses to HRV are mediated through pattern recognition receptors that may in part signal from membrane microdomains. We previously found Toll-like receptor signaling is reduced, by targeting membrane microdomains with a specific liposomal phosphatidylserine species, 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (SAPS). Here we explored the ability of this approach to target a clinically important pathogen. We determined the biochemical and biophysical properties and stability of SAPS liposomes and studied their ability to modulate rhinovirus-induced inflammation, measured by cytokine production, and rhinovirus replication in both immortalized and normal primary bronchial epithelial cells. SAPS liposomes rapidly partitioned throughout the plasma membrane and internal cellular membranes of epithelial cells. Uptake of liposomes did not cause cell death, but was associated with markedly reduced inflammatory responses to rhinovirus, at the expense of only modest non-significant increases in viral replication, and without impairment of interferon receptor signaling. Thus using liposomes of phosphatidylserine to target membrane microdomains is a feasible mechanism for modulating rhinovirus-induced signaling, and potentially a prototypic new therapy for viral-mediated inflammation.
Krishan Maggon 's curator insight,
February 26, 2016 3:23 AM
Mucosal Immunology advance online publication 24 February 2016; doi: 10.1038/mi.2015.137 Human rhinovirus-induced inflammatory responses are inhibited by phosphatidylserine containing liposomes
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Research on human enteroviruses has resulted in the identification of more than 100 enterovirus types, which use more than 10 protein receptors and/or attachment factors required in cell binding and initiation of the replication cycle.
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4 autres images centré immunité innée The intestinal mucosa is a particularly dynamic environment in which the host constantly interacts with trillions of commensal microorganisms, known as the microbiota, and periodically interacts with pathogens of diverse nature. In this Review, we discuss how mucosal immunity is controlled in response to enteric bacterial pathogens, with a focus on the species that cause morbidity and mortality in humans. We explain how the microbiota can shape the immune response to pathogenic bacteria, and we detail innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that drive protective immunity against these pathogens. The vast diversity of the microbiota, pathogens and immune responses encountered in the intestines precludes discussion of all of the relevant players in this Review. Instead, we aim to provide a representative overview of how the intestinal immune system responds to pathogenic bacteria.
Krishan Maggon 's curator insight,
February 24, 2016 2:03 AM
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY | REVIEW
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![[Event] International Conference on Mucosal Immunology & Vaccine Development | Mucosal Immunity | Scoop.it](https://img.scoop.it/MdC9P8o0s2_YzAEo8V072Dl72eJkfbmt4t8yenImKBVvK0kTmF0xjctABnaLJIm9)
International Conference on Mucosal Immunology & Vaccine Development July 28-29, 2016 Melbourne, Australia Mucosal Immunology 2016, is to gather people in academia and society interested in immunology to share the latest trends and...
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The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbors a diverse microbial community with which dynamic interactions have been established over millennia of co-evolution.
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