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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
February 7, 2019 11:53 AM
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The Immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycome is well known for its heterogeneity and shows a significant degree of variation within populations. IgG glycome com…
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
February 5, 2019 1:39 PM
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OBJECTIVES: Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) was instituted in California in 2010. In the ensuing 6.5 years, 3 252 156 infants in the state had DNA from dried blood spots assayed for T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs).
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Suggested by
LIGHTING
February 4, 2019 8:52 AM
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By sensing environmental, dietary, microbial and metabolic cues, the ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls complex transcriptional programmes that are relevant to autoimmune, neoplastic, metabolic and degenerative diseases.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
February 4, 2019 8:30 AM
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In this Review, DeNardo and Ruffell describe how macrophages shape local immune responses in the tumour microenvironment to both suppress and promote immunity to tumours. The authors also discuss the potential of targeting tumour-associated macrophages to enhance antitumour immune responses.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
February 2, 2019 12:13 PM
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This Review presents our current understanding of C3 glomerulopathy. Smith et al. discuss the histopathological diagnosis and the crucial pathogenic role of complement dysregulation. Genetic and acquired drivers of C3 glomerulopathy, potential biomarkers and available treatments are highlighted.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
January 31, 2019 2:50 AM
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
January 29, 2019 4:54 AM
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Latest Medical News & Articles...
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Suggested by
LIGHTING
January 28, 2019 1:36 PM
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Author summary Several vaccine candidates are currently under development for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, which causes life-threatening neurologic diseases, including congenital Zika syndrome in neonates and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. However, the mechanisms by which the adaptive immune system contributes to protection against ZIKV have not been fully investigated. In this report, we used mouse models of systemic and genital mucosal infection with ZIKV to evaluate the role of CD4+ T cells in regulating antiviral humoral and CD8+ T cell responses and in controlling ZIKV infection. We first defined the antigen specificity and phenotype of the CD4+ T cell response to ZIKV and then demonstrated that CD4+ T cells are required for inducing humoral, but not CD8+ T cell, responses in ZIKV-primed mice. CD4+ T cells were also required for local control of ZIKV burden in mice infected intravaginally. Although CD4+ T cells are not necessary for the control of primary ZIKV infection via the intravenous route, CD4+ T cells can confer protection against lethal intravaginal ZIKV challenge. Our results support ZIKV vaccine strategies that induce a protective CD4+ T cell response to ZIKV.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
January 28, 2019 8:59 AM
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Cell Mol Immunol. 2019 Jan 11. doi: 10.1038/s41423-018-0192-y.[Epub ahead of print] Review...
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
January 26, 2019 1:43 PM
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A cis-regulatory map of the mouse immune system illuminates gene expression patterns
and regulatory logic across 86 primary cell types and pairs immune transcription factors
with cell-type-specific regulatory elements.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
January 25, 2019 8:38 AM
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
January 25, 2019 3:03 AM
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A deep-learning algorithm, trained on over 17,000 real-world patient facial images, achieves high accuracy in identifying rare genetic disorders.
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Suggested by
LIGHTING
January 25, 2019 2:21 AM
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Commerford et al. characterize the morphological and molecular changes that occur
in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) in two distinct
tumor models. They show an upregulation of integrin αIIb in LN LECs and find that
integrin αIIb mediates LEC adhesion to fibrinogen.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
February 7, 2019 11:51 AM
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Objectives-To explore the molecular mechanisms in which vitamin D (VD) regulates T cells, especially Th17 cells in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).Methods-DBA1/J mice induced for CIA were intraperitoneally treated with VD. CIA clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses including Th1/Th17/Tregs percentages were determined and compared. Mouse naïve CD4+ T cells transduced with miR-124 inhibitor or not were polarized to Th17 cells with or without VD. Subsequently, cellular differentiation and IL-6 signaling moleculars were analyzed.Results-VD treatment significantly delayed CIA onset, decreased incidence and clinical scores of arthritis, downregulated serum IgG levels and ameliorated bone erosion. VD downregulated IL-17A production in CD4+ T cells while increased CD4+Foxp3+Nrp-1+ cells both in draining lymph nodes and synovial fluid in arthritic mice. VD inhibited Th17 cells differentiation in vivo and in vitro and potentially functioning directly on T cells to restrain Th17 cells through limiting IL-6R expression and its downstream signaling including STAT3 phosphorylation, while these effects were blocked when naïve CD4+ T cells were transduced with miR-124 inhibitor.Conclusions-VD treatment ameliorates CIA via suppression of Th17 cells and enhancement of Tregs. miR-124-mediated inhibition of IL-6 signaling, provides a novel explanation for VD’s role on T cells in CIA mice or RA patients and suggests that VD may have treatment implications in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
February 4, 2019 12:24 PM
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Diversification of the antibody repertoire is well known to be driven by genetic recombination and mutation. However, it is becoming apparent that other processes can also diversify antibody specificities.
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Suggested by
LIGHTING
February 4, 2019 8:52 AM
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The realization that an intricate link exists between the metabolic state of immune cells and the nature of the elicited immune responses has brought a dramatic evolution to the field of immunology. We will focus on how metabolic reprogramming through the use of glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation (sugar or fat) regulates the capacity of immune cells to mount robust and effective immune responses. We will also discuss how fine-tuning sugar and fat metabolism may be exploited as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy to fight viral infections or improve vaccine efficacy.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
February 4, 2019 5:00 AM
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Vascular homeostasis relies on the proper behavior of endothelial cells (ECs). Emerging evidence indicate a critical role of autophagy, a vesicular process for lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic content, in EC biology.
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Rescooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
from Cancer Vaccines Collection
January 31, 2019 2:18 PM
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next generation sequencing data show that BAKs are mutated at very low frequency in treatment-naïve B cell lymphomas. Therefore, it remains debatable whether BAKs are essential drivers for lymphoma development. In addition, results obtained by targeted deletion of BAKs such as Lyn and Btk in murine CLL models suggest that BAKs may be essential to shape the dialogue between malignant B cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since BAKs are expressed in multiple cell types, BAK inhibitors may disrupt the lymphoma supportive microenvironment. This concept also explains the typical response to BAK inhibitor treatment, characterized by a long-lasting increase of peripheral blood lymphoid cells, due to a redistribution from the lymphoid homing compartments. In addition, BAK inhibitors have shown some efficacy in solid tumors, probably through mediator cells in the TME. This review summarizes and validates the evidence for BAK inhibitors being part of a class of agents that modulate the (hematopoietic) microenvironment of cancers.
Via Krishan Maggon
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
January 29, 2019 9:03 AM
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Different lineages of macrophages respond divergently to immune stimuli and microbial infection. This Review explores our current knowledge of how the different metabolic states of macrophage lineages impact the control or progression of intracellular bacterial infections.
Highlights
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Six identified immune subtypes span cancer tissue types and molecular subtypes
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Immune subtypes differ by somatic aberrations, microenvironment, and survival
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Multiple control modalities of molecular networks affect tumor-immune interactions
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These analyses serve as a resource for exploring immunogenicity across cancer types
Via Krishan Maggon
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Rescooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
from Immunology and Biotherapies
January 28, 2019 1:33 PM
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A fever fights infection by helping immune cells to crawl along blood-vessel walls to attack invading microbes.
JianFeng Chen at the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology in China and his colleagues grew immune cells called T cells from mice, and raised the temperature of these cells from the normal mouse body temperature of 37 °C to 40 °C — the equivalent of a high fever. This heat triggered the T cells to start producing heat-shock proteins (Hsps), which protect cells against stress.
Via Krishan Maggon
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
January 27, 2019 3:00 PM
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Jan 16. pii: 201816698. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1816698116.[Epub ahead of print]...
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
January 25, 2019 3:40 PM
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Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) form the structure of the lymphatic vessels and the sinuses of the lymph nodes, positioning them to be key players in many different aspects of the immune response. Following an inflammatory stimulus, LECs produce chemokines that recruit immune cells to the lymph nodes. The recruitment of immune cells aids in the coordination of both LEC and lymph node expansion and contraction. More recent data has demonstrated that to coordinate LEC division and death, cell surface molecules, such as PD-L1 and interferon receptors, are required. During homeostasis, LECs use PD-L1 to maintain peripheral tolerance by presenting specific peripheral tissue antigens in order to eliminate tissue specific responses. LECs also have the capacity to acquire, present and exchange foreign antigens following viral infection or immunization. Here we will review how lymph node LECs require immune cells to expand and contract in response to an immune stimulus, the factors involved and how direct LEC-immune cell interactions are important for programming immunity.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
January 25, 2019 5:12 AM
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The existence of four different serotypes of dengue virus poses a challenge to vaccine development, as pre-existing immunity can lead to severe disease during infection with a heterologous serotype. This Review analyses the mechanisms of protective and pathological adaptive immune responses in primary and secondary dengue infection.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
January 25, 2019 2:29 AM
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New technologies provide the ability to generate massive amounts of immunological data in health and disease. However, this “Big data” trend is becoming more challenging and unfeasible by the steep increase in the number of different pieces of information and the complexity of large datasets.
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