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Immunology
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Teaching and Learning Immunology. Information you never would have searched for!
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Gilbert C FAURE
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RT @IDFCommunity: Learn about autoimmunity in primary immunodeficiency: https://t.co/PSMfxfYL4w #primaryimmune 
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Objective
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
SLE
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Hepatocytes are targeted for infection by a number of major human pathogens, including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and malaria. However, hepatocytes are also immunological agents in their own right.....
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
However, hepatocytes are also immunological agents in their own right. In systemic immunity, they are central in the acute-phase response, which floods the circulation with defensive proteins during diverse stresses, including ischemia, physical trauma, and sepsis. Hepatocytes express a variety of innate immune receptors and, when challenged with pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns, can deliver cell-autonomous innate immune responses that may result in host defense or in immunopathology. Important human pathogens have evolved mechanisms to subvert these responses. Finally, hepatocytes talk directly to T cells, resulting in a bias toward immune tolerance.
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important regulator of the development and function of both innate and adaptive immune cells through roles associated with AHR's ability to respond to cellular and dietary ligands.
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AHR?
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Immunology Letters publishes experimental papers, (mini) reviews and Letters to the Editor. Its scope covers both molecular and cellular...
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Below you can find Immunology Letters top 10 downloaded articles in 2015 (Q1-Q3). All these articles are free access on ScienceDirect until 29 February 2016.
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Systems Immunology: From Molecular Networks to Human Biology is organized in Big Sky, United States, from 10–14 January 2016.
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New data redefine macrophages as diverse, polyfunctional and plastic cells that respond to the needs of the tissue at steady state and during disturbed homeostasis.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
macrophages are back on stage
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Town Doctor Jumbo!! manga creator launched series in 2013
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Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are key immune receptors responsible for the effective control of both humoral and innate immunity and are central to maintaining the balance between generating appropriate responses to infection and preventing...
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Complex in humans and generated through ancestral duplication events, here we review the evolution of the gene family in mammals, the potential importance of copy number, and functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as discussing current approaches and limitations when exploring genetic variation in this region.
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Antibodies are key molecules in the fight against infections.
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The critical role of toll-like receptors — From microbial recognition to autoimmunity: A comprehensive review
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The critical role of toll-like receptors — From microbial recognition to autoimmunity: A comprehensive review Full article on Science Direct - free access until 13 May 2016
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he 10th Annual Meeting of Chinese Society for Immunology was held in Beijing earlier this year, and Kun Yu tells us more about what went on.
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The inflammasome is activated in response to a variety of pathogens and has an important role in shaping adaptive immunity, yet the spatiotemporal orchestration of inflammasome activation in vivo and the mechanisms by which it promotes an effective...
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Author Summary The cellular basis for the adaptive immune response during antigen recognition relies on a specialized protein interface known as the immunological synapse (IS).
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Phagocytosis represents a critical innate barrier against infection and serves the clearance of extracellular microbes, infected and dying cells. Different immune cells use phagocytosis for microbial killing, but in dendritic ...
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Researchers at VIB and UGent, in close collaboration with a research team of the Institute Curie in France, describe now a mechanism of how the fusion between phagosomes and lysosomes influences the presentation of antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I molecules to cytotoxic T cells, a process called cross-presentation. The results are published the 15the December issue of the prestigious journal Immunity.
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Seeking career guidance? Ask the AAI Career Advisory Board!
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
The AAI Career Advisory Board (CAB) offers early-faculty scientists the opportunity to speak with mid-level and senior faculty outside of their own institutions for career advice. The CAB is a referral service providing a means for matching young PIs who submit requests for guidance on specific career issues with more senior PIs with experience and insights in those areas. The program is not meant to replace the mentoring programs at a young faculty member’s home institution, but, rather, to serve as a resource for early-career PIs to obtain advice on a specific question from established investigators outside of their home institutions—often through a single phone call.
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BMC Immunology is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in molecular, cellular, tissue-level, organismal, functional, and developmental aspects of the immune system.
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Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells known to modulate the immune system and to promote hematopoiesis. These dual effects make MSCs attractive for use as cellular therapy in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). MSCs can be used peri-HCT or pre-engraftment to modulate immune reconstitution, promoting hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment and/or preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that MSCs can potentiate HSC engraftment and prevent GVHD in a variety of animal models. Clinical trials have been small and largely non-randomized but have established safety and early evidence of efficacy, supporting the need for larger randomized trials.
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Complement component 8 deficiency and its relationship with genes C8A and C8B have been added to Genetics Home Reference.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Complement component 8 deficiency is a disorder that causes the immune system to malfunction, resulting in a form of immunodeficiency. Immunodeficiencies are conditions in which the immune system is not able to protect the body effectively from foreign invaders such as bacteria. People with complement component 8 deficiency have a significantly increased risk of recurrent bacterial infections, particularly by a bacterium called Neisseria meningitidis. Infection by this bacterium causes inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meningitis). Although meningitis can be life-threatening, individuals with complement component 8 deficiency are less likely to die from the infection than people in the general population who contract it.
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The development of high-affinity antibodies in response to infection is an iterative process in which B cells cycle between proliferation/somatic hypermutation and antigen-driven selection.
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Author Summary Melioidosis is a key cause of death in South East Asia and Northern Australia.
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trem-1 was elevated but no information on survival
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Receptors for immunoglobulin Fc regions play multiple critical roles in the immune system, mediating functions as diverse as phagocytosis, triggering degranulation of basophils and mast cells, promoting immunoglobulin class switching, and...
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Transmembrane signaling associated with these functions is mediated primarily by two amino acid sequence motifs, ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs) and ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs) that act as the receptors’ interface with activating and inhibitory signaling pathways, respectively. While ITAMs mobilize activating tyrosine kinases and their consorts, ITIMs mobilize opposing tyrosine and inositol-lipid phosphatases. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of signaling by these receptors/motifs and their sometimes blurred lines of functions
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Although both Fcα/μ receptor (Fcα/μR) and polymeric Ig receptor (poly-IgR) are Fc receptors for IgA and IgM and are functionally and genetically related, the expression profile of Fcα/μR is unique.
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The Board of EFIS, together with the federation’s official journal Immunology Letters, established triennially Best Cited Paper...
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The 2015 Winning Papers are: EFIS / Immunology Letters Best Cited Original Paper Award Differences of peripheral inflammatory markers between mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease Cited 72 times in 2008, 2009 and 2010 EFIS / Immunology Letters Best Cited Review Award Role of macrophages in tumour progression Cited 131 times in 2009, 2010 and 2011
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Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1386:135-179.
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Abstract
The understanding of the immune response is right now at the center of biomedical research. There are growing expectations that immune-based interventions will in the midterm provide new, personalized, and targeted therapeutic options for many severe and highly prevalent diseases, from aggressive cancers to infectious and autoimmune diseases. To this end, immunology should surpass its current descriptive and phenomenological nature, and become quantitative, and thereby predictive.Immunology is an ideal field for deploying the tools, methodologies, and philosophy of systems biology, an approach that combines quantitative experimental data, computational biology, and mathematical modeling. This is because, from an organism-wide perspective, the immunity is a biological system of systems, a paradigmatic instance of a multi-scale system. At the molecular scale, the critical phenotypic responses of immune cells are governed by large biochemical networks, enriched in nested regulatory motifs such as feedback and feedforward loops. This network complexity confers them the ability of highly nonlinear behavior, including remarkable examples of homeostasis, ultra-sensitivity, hysteresis, and bistability. Moving from the cellular level, different immune cell populations communicate with each other by direct physical contact or receiving and secreting signaling molecules such as cytokines. Moreover, the interaction of the immune system with its potential targets (e.g., pathogens or tumor cells) is far from simple, as it involves a number of attack and counterattack mechanisms that ultimately constitute a tightly regulated multi-feedback loop system. From a more practical perspective, this leads to the consequence that today's immunologists are facing an ever-increasing challenge of integrating massive quantities from multi-platforms.In this chapter, we support the idea that the analysis of the immune system demands the use of systems-level approaches to ensure the success in the search for more effective and personalized immune-based therapies.
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