Immunology
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Immunology
Teaching and Learning Immunology. Information you never would have searched for!
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 25, 2016 4:45 AM
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Family Physician Perspectives on Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases.

Family Physician Perspectives on Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Abstract Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) include over 250 diverse disorders. The current study assessed management of PID by family practice physicians. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Primary Immunodeficiency Committee and the Immune Deficiency Foundation conducted an incentivized mail survey of family practice physician members of the American Medical Association and the American Osteopathic Association in direct patient care. Responses were compared with subspecialist immunologist responses from a similar survey. Surveys were returned by 528 (of 4500 surveys mailed) family practice physicians, of whom 44% reported following ≥1 patient with PID. Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (21%) and chronic granulomatous disease (11%) were most common and were followed by significantly more subspecialist immunologists (P < 0.05). Use of intravenously administered immunoglobulin and live viral vaccinations across PID was significantly different (P < 0.05). Few family practice physicians were aware of professional guidelines for diagnosis and management of PID (4 vs. 79% of subspecialist immunologists, P < 0.05). Family practice physicians will likely encounter patients with PID diagnoses during their career. Differences in how family practice physicians and subspecialist immunologists manage patients with PID underscore areas where improved educational and training initiatives may benefit patient care.
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 24, 2016 1:28 PM
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Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (DADA2): A description of phenotype and genotype in 15 cases - Nanthapisal - Arthritis & Rheumatology - Wiley Online Library

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (DADA2): A description of phenotype and genotype in 15 cases - Nanthapisal - Arthritis & Rheumatology - Wiley Online Library | Immunology | Scoop.it
Objectives: To describe the clinical features, genotype, and treatment of a series of subjects with confirmed Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 (DADA2) referred to Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (GOSH), London.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Results We identified 15 subjects with DADA2; 5 subjects were asymptomatic (relatives of index cases; age 5-42 years). Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in CECR1 were identified in all subjects. The phenotypic manifestations of the symptomatic DADA2 patients included livedo racemosa (73.3%); neurologic involvement (53.3%); and immune deficiency (46.6%). CECR1 mRNA expression in 8 subjects, including five pre-symptomatic subjects was significantly lower than healthy controls (p=0.0016). DADA2 subjects (with or without symptoms) also had lower ADA2 enzyme activity compared to healthy paediatric controls (p<0.0001), and sporadic cases of childhood polyarteritis nodosa without CECR1 mutation (p=0.0108). Nine/10 symptomatic patients required anti-TNF-α therapy. Conclusion The clinical severity of DADA2 ranged from limited cutaneous to severe multi-systemic vasculitis; one third (5/15) of our cases were currently asymptomatic, and required close monitoring. We recommend CECR1 screening for: unaffected siblings of index cases; cases of familial vasculitis; and patients with polyarteritis nodosa recalcitrant to standard treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 23, 2016 6:37 AM
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Our Year on Twitter: Science in #SocialMedia: Trends in Immunology

Our Year on Twitter: Science in #SocialMedia: Trends in Immunology | Immunology | Scoop.it
Ok @mmw_lmw, you convinced me to try this! https://t.co/Bp0wcT7kxd #SciComm @CellPressNews
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Our Twitter Experience From the outset, we decided that our Twitter content would arise from our professional endeavors. We are immunologists enamored with the capacity of experimental science to access fundamental mechanisms in biology. We bring a passion for new technologies to our research effort to dissect and reveal the cellular and molecular basis of adaptive immunity. These studies use model strategies to mimic the complexity of the human immune system. Our first decision was that our Twitter content would aim to project these interests while highlighting the newest scientific contributions across a variety of pertinent subdisciplines in biology.
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 23, 2016 2:36 AM
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The Complement Inhibitor Factor H Generates an Anti-Inflammatory and Tolerogenic State in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells.

The Complement Inhibitor Factor H Generates an Anti-Inflammatory and Tolerogenic State in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. | Immunology | Scoop.it
Related Articles
The Complement Inhibitor Factor H Generates an Anti-Inflammatory and Tolerogenic State in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells.
J Immunol.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Abstract The activation of the complement system is a key initiating step in the protective innate immune-inflammatory response against injury, although it may also cause harm if left unchecked. The structurally related soluble complement inhibitors C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and factor H (FH) exert a tight regulation of the classical/lectin and alternative pathways of complement activation, respectively, attenuating the activity of the C3/C5 convertases and, consequently, avoiding serious damage to host tissues. We recently reported that the acute-phase C4BP isoform C4BP lacking the β-chain plays a pivotal role in the modulation of the adaptive immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that FH acts in the early stages of monocyte to dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and is able to promote a distinctive tolerogenic and anti-inflammatory profile on monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) challenged by a proinflammatory stimulus. Accordingly, FH-treated and LPS-matured MoDCs are characterized by altered cytoarchitecture, resembling immature MoDCs, lower expression of the maturation marker CD83 and the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86, decreased production of key proinflammatory Th1-cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-8), and preferential production of immunomodulatory mediators (IL-10 and TGF-β). Moreover, FH-treated MoDCs show low Ag uptake and, when challenged with LPS, display reduced CCR7 expression and chemotactic migration, impaired CD4+T cell alloproliferation, inhibition of IFN-γ secretion by the allostimulated T cells, and, conversely, induction of CD4+CD127low/negativeCD25highFoxp3+regulatory T cells. Thus, this novel noncanonical role of FH as an immunological brake able to directly affect the function of MoDCs in an inflammatory environment may exhibit therapeutic potential in hypersensitivity, transplantation, and autoimmunity.
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 23, 2016 1:09 AM
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Tweet from @DayofImmunology

Tweet from @DayofImmunology | Immunology | Scoop.it
Launch of our inaugural #Immunology photo exhibition at @ST_ALi was a huge success! Thanks for joining us #Doimmuno https://t.co/bCjhHPw38D
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 21, 2016 4:43 AM
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‘Dirty’ mice better than lab-raised mice for studying human disease

‘Dirty’ mice better than lab-raised mice for studying human disease | Immunology | Scoop.it
Dirtier mice may better mimic human immune reactions.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
they are too cute
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 19, 2016 1:18 PM
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Medullary thymic epithelial stem cells: role in thymic epithelial cell maintenance and thymic involution - Hamazaki - 2016 - Immunological Reviews - Wiley Online Library

The thymus consists of two distinct anatomical regions, the cortex and the medulla; medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) play a crucial role in establishing central T-cell tolerance for self-antigens.
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 19, 2016 12:01 PM
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ACKR4 on Stromal Cells Scavenges CCL19 To Enable CCR7-Dependent Trafficking of APCs from Inflamed Skin to Lymph Nodes

Dermal dendritic cells and epidermal Langerhans cells are APCs that migrate from skin to draining lymph nodes (LN) to drive peripheral tolerance and adaptive immunity. Their migration requires the chemokine receptor CCR7, which directs egress from the skin via dermal lymphatic vessels and extravasation into the LN parenchyma from lymph in the subcapsular sinus. CCR7 is activated by two chemokines: CCL19 and CCL21. CCL21 alone is sufficient for the migration of APCs from skin to LN. CCL19 and CCL21 also bind atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR) 4. ACKR4-mediated CCL21 scavenging by lymphatic endothelial cells lining the subcapsular sinus ceiling stabilizes interfollicular CCL21 gradients that direct lymph-borne CCR7+ APCs into the parenchyma of mouse LN. In this study, we show that ACKR4 also aids APC egress from mouse skin under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. ACKR4 plays a particularly prominent role during cutaneous inflammation when it facilitates Langerhans cell egress from skin and enables the accumulation of dermal dendritic cells in skin-draining LN. Stromal cells in mouse skin, predominantly keratinocytes and a subset of dermal lymphatic endothelial cells, express ACKR4 and are capable of ACKR4-dependent chemokine scavenging in situ. ACKR4-mediated scavenging of dermal-derived CCL19, rather than CCL21, is critical during inflammation, because the aberrant trafficking of skin-derived APCs in Ackr4-deficient mice is completely rescued by genetic deletion of Ccl19. Thus, ACKR4 on stromal cells aids the egress of APCs from mouse skin, and, during inflammation, facilitates CCR7-dependent cell trafficking by scavenging CCL19.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
early step of migration of langerhans cells going to lymph node is helped by stromal cells
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 19, 2016 4:28 AM
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Tertiary lymphoid structures, drivers of the anti-tumor responses in human cancers

Tertiary lymphoid structures, drivers of the anti-tumor responses in human cancers | Immunology | Scoop.it
The characterization of the microenvironment of human tumors led to the description of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) characterized by mature dendritic cells in a T-cell zone adjacent to B-cell follicle including a germinal center.
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 17, 2016 1:07 PM
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Immune deficiency: changing spectrum of pathogens - Duraisingham - 2015 - Clinical & Experimental Immunology - Wiley Online Library

Immune deficiency: changing spectrum of pathogens - Duraisingham - 2015 - Clinical & Experimental Immunology - Wiley Online Library | Immunology | Scoop.it
RT @britsocimm: "Immune deficiency: changing spectrum of pathogens" READ MORE https://t.co/twOmWcfhnE #immunology https://t.co/kZkaSg4POv
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
During the 2-year period, 31 of 78 (39·7%) severe immune-deficient patients tested had a positive virology result and 89 of 160 (55.6%) had a positive bacteriology result. The most commonly detected pathogens were rhinovirus (12 patients), norovirus (6), Haemophilus influenzae (24), Pseudomonas spp. (22) and Staphylococcus aureus (21). Ninety-seven per cent of positive viral detection samples were from patients who were symptomatic. Low serum immunoglobulin IgA levels were more prevalent in patients with a positive virology sample compared to the total cohort (P = 0·0078). Three patients had persistent norovirus infection with sequential positive isolates for 9, 30 and 16 months.
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 17, 2016 1:03 PM
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Long-Lived Plasma Cells Are Contained within the CD19−CD38hiCD138+ Subset in Human Bone Marrow: Immunity

Long-Lived Plasma Cells Are Contained within the CD19−CD38hiCD138+ Subset in Human Bone Marrow: Immunity | Immunology | Scoop.it
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 16, 2016 1:42 PM
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Clinical Immunology

Clinical Immunology | Immunology | Scoop.it
Highlighted Articles
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
from december 2012
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 15, 2016 1:21 PM
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Natural Killer Cell Response: Treatment of Cancer

Natural Killer Cell Response: Treatment of Cancer | Immunology | Scoop.it
Natural Killer Cell Response: Treatment of Cancer Curator: Larry H.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Protection against cellular stress from various sources, such as nutritional, physical, pathogenic, or oncogenic, results in the induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic cellular protection mechanisms that collectively limit the damage these insults inflict on the host. The major extrinsic protection mechanism against cellular stress is the immune system. Indeed, it has been well described that cells that are stressed due to association with viral infection or early malignant transformation can be directly sensed by the immune system, particularly natural killer (NK) cells. Although the ability of NK cells to directly recognize and respond to stressed cells is well appreciated, the mechanisms and the breadth of cell-intrinsic responses that are intimately linked with their activation are only beginning to be uncovered. This review will provide a brief introduction to NK cells and the relevant receptors and ligands involved in direct responses to cellular stress. This will be followed by an in-depth discussion surrounding the various intrinsic responses to stress that can naturally engage NK cells, and how therapeutic agents may induce specific activation of NK cells and other innate immune cells by activating cellular responses to stress.
2014
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 25, 2016 4:43 AM
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The American Association of Immunologists

Applications for Travel for Techniques Awards now open! #Immunology #CareersAAI https://t.co/EqkxDnBKLb https://t.co/5preIhZSjQ
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 24, 2016 7:04 AM
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Tuberculosis bacteria build 'edible' havens in immune cells: Findings suggest new treatment approaches for leading global cause of death

Tuberculosis bacteria build 'edible' havens in immune cells: Findings suggest new treatment approaches for leading global cause of death | Immunology | Scoop.it
Bacteria that cause tuberculosis trick immune cells meant to destroy them into hiding and feeding them instead, report scientists.
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 23, 2016 2:44 AM
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Mannose-Binding Lectin Inhibits the Motility of Pathogenic Salmonella by Affecting the Driving Forces of Motility and the Chemotactic Response

Mannose-Binding Lectin Inhibits the Motility of Pathogenic  Salmonella  by Affecting the Driving Forces of Motility and the Chemotactic Response | Immunology | Scoop.it
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a key pattern recognition molecule in the lectin pathway of the complement system, an important component of innate immunity.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
MBL
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 23, 2016 1:11 AM
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Hobit and Blimp1 instruct a universal transcriptional program of tissue residency in lymphocytes

Hobit and Blimp1 instruct a universal transcriptional program of tissue residency in lymphocytes | Immunology | Scoop.it
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 21, 2016 11:55 AM
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Neural Meshwork Resembling Glass Fishing Float in Lymphoid Organs

Neural Meshwork Resembling Glass Fishing Float in Lymphoid Organs | Immunology | Scoop.it
Commentary by Srinivasan ThyagaRajan about the recent discovery of glass fishing float-type neural meshwork in rodent lymph nodes.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
nice picture and concept
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 20, 2016 8:49 AM
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CIMM at the Annual Meeting

CIMM at the Annual Meeting | Immunology | Scoop.it
Membership | Scientific Working Groups | Cancer Immunology Working Group
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 19, 2016 1:12 PM
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Most viewed Immunology articles in March 2016

Most viewed Immunology articles in March 2016 | Immunology | Scoop.it
Hand to Mouth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis Nicholas R. Fuggle, Toby O.
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 19, 2016 4:29 AM
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Tweet from @EricTopol

Tweet from @EricTopol | Immunology | Scoop.it
Like "software is eating the world"— @pmarca
Immunology is eating medicine https://t.co/7bJhKxlWQu
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 19, 2016 3:38 AM
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Publication Impact of NIH-funded Research – A First Look | NIH Extramural Nexus

Publication Impact of NIH-funded Research – A First Look | NIH Extramural Nexus | Immunology | Scoop.it
NIH is trying to do just that but short term meaningful metrics are scarce https://t.co/3RBV45esuq https://t.co/cOWbfxPWR2
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 17, 2016 1:06 PM
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Mechanisms of inflammasome activation: recent advances and novel insights: Trends in Cell Biology

Mechanisms of inflammasome activation: recent advances and novel insights: Trends in Cell Biology | Immunology | Scoop.it
Inflammasomes "guard the host robustly from the assault of microbial pathogens and endogenous danger signals."
https://t.co/UzOXaatM9n
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Highlights •New inflammasomes and new microbial triggers of inflammasomes have been identified. •Cytosolic LPS is detected by caspase-11 resulting in its activation. •A novel pyrin inflammasome responds to pathogen-induced modifications of host proteins. •Identification of a new NLRP6 pathway controlling mucus production. Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein platforms assembled in response to invading pathogens and other danger signals. Typically inflammasome complexes contain a sensor protein, an adaptor protein, and a zymogen – procaspase-1. Formation of inflammasome assembly results in processing of inactive procaspase-1 into an active cysteine-protease enzyme, caspase-1, which subsequently activates the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukins IL-1β and IL-18, and induces pyroptosis, a highly-pyrogenic inflammatory form of cell death. Studies over the past year have unveiled exciting new players and regulatory pathways that are involved in traditional inflammasome signaling, some of them even challenging the existing dogma. This review outlines these new insights in inflammasome research and discusses areas that warrant further exploration.
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
April 16, 2016 1:44 PM
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Lymph Node Lipid Boosts T Cell Motility

Lymph Node Lipid Boosts T Cell Motility | Immunology | Scoop.it
If you thought finding a needle in a haystack was hard, try maneuvering a T lymphocyte through the “three-dimensional meshwork” that makes up t
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
autotaxin for lipids and lymphocyte migration!
already posted in july 2014
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Rescooped by Gilbert C FAURE from Cancer Immunotherapy Review and Collection
April 16, 2016 11:57 AM
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St. Jude researchers reveal how two types of immune cells can arise from one

St. Jude researchers reveal how two types of immune cells can arise from one | Immunology | Scoop.it
Lopsided distribution of the signaling protein c-Myc plays a critical role in determining T cell destiny during asymmetric cell division.
Via Krishan Maggon
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Asymmetric cell division generates two types of cells with distinct properties. This type of cell division is essential for producing various cell types and plays an important role in development. Rather than producing two identical daughter cells, the cells undergoing asymmetric division produce daughter cells that are fated for vastly different roles. In the case of activated T cells, researchers knew that one daughter cell became the rapidly dividing effector T cells that launch the immediate attack on infectious agents and other threats. The other daughter cell became the slowly dividing memory T cells that function like sentries to provide long-term protection against recurring threats. Until now, the mechanism underlying the process was unknown.
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