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Natural killer (NK) cells were previously considered to represent short-lived, innate lymphocytes. However, mouse models have revealed expansion and persistence of differentiated NK cell subsets in response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, paralleling antigen-specific T cell differentiation. Congruently, analyses of humans have uncovered CMV-associated NK cell subsets characterized by epigenetic diversification processes that lead to altered target cell specificities and functional capacities. Here, focusing on responses to viruses, we review similarities and differences between mouse and human adaptive NK cells, identifying molecular analogies that may be key to transcriptional reprogramming and functional alterations. We discuss possible molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic diversification and hypothesize that processes driving epigenetic diversification may represent a more widespread mechanism for fine-tuning and optimization of cellular immunity.
Via Krishan Maggon
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 31, 2016 4:25 AM
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J Immunol. 2016 Jul 25. pii: 1600105. [Epub ahead of print]
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 31, 2016 4:13 AM
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Camer.be - Four top young immunologists from emerging countries were selected to receive travel awards from the American Biotechnology Giant BioLegend to p
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 28, 2016 9:33 AM
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On Immunology Board: Science Careers: We're just beginning to understand the vast influence of the… … https://t.co/aTL8BUz9YD
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 27, 2016 3:41 PM
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MOSCOW, July 26. / TASS/ A team of scientists from the IBCh RAS (Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry at Russian Academy of Sciences) has developed a toolkit to treat large volumes of data during DNA decoding.
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 26, 2016 5:21 AM
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Understanding interactions between the immune system and stem cells could pave the way for successful stem cell–based regenerative therapies.
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 24, 2016 12:48 PM
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Galectin-3 is a sugar-binding protein that can inhibit antitumour cytotoxic immunity.
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 22, 2016 1:20 PM
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 21, 2016 11:32 AM
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scanR est un outil d'aide à la caractérisation des activités de recherche et l'innovation des acteurs français (publics et privés) de la recherche
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 19, 2016 2:34 PM
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 19, 2016 1:22 AM
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Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus with homology to Dengue virus (DENV), has become a public health emergency. By characterizing memory cells from ZIKV-infected patients, we dissected ZIKV-specific and DENV-crossreactive immune responses. Antibodies to NS1 were largely ZIKV-specific and were used to develop a serological diagnostic tool. In contrast, antibodies against E protein domain I/II (EDI/II) were cross-reactive and, while poorly neutralizing, potently enhanced ZIKV and DENV infection in vitro and lethally enhanced DENV disease in mice. Memory T cells against NS1 or E proteins were poorly crossreactive, even in donors pre-exposed to DENV. The most potent neutralizing antibodies were ZIKV-specific and targeted EDIII or quaternary epitopes on infectious virus. An EDIII-specific antibody protected mice from lethal ZIKV infection, illustrating the potential for antibody-based therapy.
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 18, 2016 5:14 AM
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Scientists are learning how cells make the decision to become T cells.
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 17, 2016 4:59 AM
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Science Immunology will provide a broad platform for the most exciting findings in this growing field.
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Evidence has emerged for macrophages in the perivascular niche of tumors regulating important processes like angiogenesis, various steps in the metastatic cascade, the recruitment and activity of other tumor-promoting leukocytes, and tumor responses to frontline therapies like irradiation and chemotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms controlling the recruitment, retention, and function of these cells could identify important targets for anti-cancer therapeutics.
Via Krishan Maggon
Summary Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy has emerged as a global public health problem because of its ability to cause severe congenital disease. Here, we developed six mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against ZIKV including four (ZV-48, ZV-54, ZV-64, and ZV-67) that were ZIKV specific and neutralized infection of African, Asian, and American strains to varying degrees. X-ray crystallographic and competition binding analyses of Fab fragments and scFvs defined three spatially distinct epitopes in DIII of the envelope protein corresponding to the lateral ridge (ZV-54 and ZV-67), C-C’ loop (ZV-48 and ZV-64), and ABDE sheet (ZV-2) regions. In vivo passive transfer studies revealed protective activity of DIII-lateral ridge specific neutralizing mAbs in a mouse model of ZIKV infection. Our results suggest that DIII is targeted by multiple type-specific antibodies with distinct neutralizing activity, which provides a path for developing prophylactic antibodies for use in pregnancy or designing epitope-specific vaccines against ZIKV.
Via Krishan Maggon
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 30, 2016 1:38 AM
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Dengue virus infects immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). We compared virus infectivity in macrophages and DC, and found that the virus origin determined the cell tropism of progeny virus. The highest efficiency of re-infection was seen for macrophage-derived dengue virus. Furthermore, in the presence of enhancing antibodies, macrophage-derived virus gave greater enhancement of infection compared with immature DC-derived virus. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of macrophages in dengue infection.
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 28, 2016 9:14 AM
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GENEVA – When she kept going from doctor to doctor to treat recurring sinus infections, bronchitis, stomach flu, pneumonia and influenza, Whitney Bickel kept wondering why it was happening.
Phagocytes recognize and eliminate pathogens, alert other tissues of impending threats, and provide a link between innate and adaptive immunity. They also maintain tissue homeostasis, consuming dead cells without causing alarm. The receptor engagement, signal transduction, and cytoskeletal rearrangements underlying phagocytosis are paradigmatic of other immune responses and bear similarities to macropinocytosis and cell migration. We discuss how the glycocalyx restricts access to phagocytic receptors, the processes that enable receptor engagement and clustering, and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton that controls the mobility of membrane proteins and lipids and provides the mechanical force propelling the phagocyte membrane toward and around the phagocytic prey. Keywords: macrophages, dendritic cells, formin, Arp2/3, CD45, CD44, Muc-1
Via Krishan Maggon
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 26, 2016 5:20 AM
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Immunotherapy Mini-Games, developed by Ayogo Health Inc. in collaboration with Genentech, has won silver honors in the 2016 International Serious Play Awards competition in the Healthcare category.
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 24, 2016 3:32 AM
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Kate Ravilious takes an 8-minute lift ride to an underground lab in Yorkshire, UK, doing research that could help NASA's Mars 2020 rover mission find life
Publication date: Available online 21 July 2016 Source:Cell Author(s): Nicole L. Kallewaard, Davide Corti, Patrick J. Collins, Ursula Neu, Josephine M. McAuliffe, Ebony Benjamin, Leslie Wachter-Rosati, Frances J.
Highlights • Binding to all influenza A subtypes neutralizing seasonal and pandemic strains • Utilizes a rare VH (VH6-1) and carries a low level of somatic mutations • Highly conserved epitope encompassing fusion peptide and hydrophobic groove • Superior therapeutic window compared to oseltamivir in animals
Via Krishan Maggon
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Rescooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
from Café des Sciences
July 20, 2016 12:02 PM
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Par Un peu pointu.
Via Goulu
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 19, 2016 7:46 AM
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Phillip Scott & Fernanda O. Novais Nature Reviews Immunology (2016) doi:10.1038/nri.2016.72 Published online 18 July 2016
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Gilbert C FAURE
July 18, 2016 10:24 AM
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For the first time in the world, a group of researchers discovered a human immune receptor, which detects the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. They thereby succeeded in identifying a so far unknown host defense mechanism. These results will contribute to future developments in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
July 17, 2016 3:51 PM
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![Le système immunitaire - [Parlons peu parlons Science] | Immunology | Scoop.it](https://img.scoop.it/g-ayIKn2VhC6bAocznZEojl72eJkfbmt4t8yenImKBVvK0kTmF0xjctABnaLJIm9)
