AUTOIMMUNITY

Background The gastrointestinal ecosystem is a highly complex environment with a profound influence on human health. Inflammation in the gut, linked to an altered gut microbiome, has been associated with the development of multiple human conditions including type 1 diabetes (T1D).

I recently got a diabetes diagnosis, and it was a surprise to me that diabetes type I is classified as an autoimmune disorder. I know diabetes is an epidemic in the U.S., but how common is it? What is the most common autoimmune disease?

ARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; New onset; Autoimmune disease; Adults.

Create a free QxMD account to receive personalized paper recommendations, relevant to your practice. Get Started JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW Neutrophils in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Mechanisms and implications for management Shangqing Ge, Xingyu Zhu, Qinyao Xu, Junyan Wang, Cheng An, Ying Hu, Fan Yang, Xinyi Wang, Yipin Yang, Shuwen Chen, Ruimin Jin, Haiyan Li, Xinchen Peng, Yue Liu, Junnan Xu, Minhui Zhu, Zongwen Shuai Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022, 13: 957660 Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of systemic autoimmune diseases, which is typified by inflammatory necrosis predominantly affecting the small vessels and often accompanied by positive ANCA. Clinically, AAV primarily includes microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). It has been found that in AAV pathogenesis, both innate and adaptive immunity are related to neutrophil function mutually. Many proteins, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3), in neutrophil cytoplasm lead to the production of proteins such as MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA by activating adaptive immunity. In addition, through the process of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, activation of an alternative complement pathway and the respiratory burst can stimulate the neutrophils close to vascular endothelial cells and will participate the vessel inflammation. This review aims to reveal the potential mechanisms regulating the association between the neutrophils and various types of AAVs and to emphasize the results of recent findings on these interactions. Moreover, multiple underlying signaling pathways involved in the regulation of neutrophils during AAV processes have also been discussed. The ultimate goal of this review is to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AAV management in the future. Full Text Links We have located open access full text paper links. Full Text PDF Full Text Web Additional links Discussion You are not logged in. Sign Up or Log In to join the discussion. Related Papers Clinical characteristics, the diagnostic criteria and management recommendation of otitis media with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (OMAAV) proposed by Japan Otological Society. Yasuaki Harabuchi, Kan Kishibe, Kaori Tateyama, Yuka Morita, Naohiro Yoshida, Masahiro Okada, Yasuomi Kunimoto, Takeshi Watanabe, Akira Inagaki, Tadao Yoshida, Mitsuyoshi Imaizumi, Takeshi Nakamura, Takeshi Matsunobu, Shigeto Kobayashi, Yukiko Iino, Shingo Murakami, Haruo Takahashi, Tetsuya Tono Auris, Nasus, Larynx 2021, 48 (1): 2-14 Genetics of ANCA-associated vasculitis: role in pathogenesis, classification and management. Giorgio Trivioli, Ana Marquez, Davide Martorana, Michelangelo Tesi, Andreas Kronbichler, Paul A Lyons, Augusto Vaglio Nature Reviews. Rheumatology 2022, 18 (10): 559-574 Myeloperoxidase-ANCA-positive granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a distinct subset of ANCA-associated vasculitis: A retrospective analysis of 455 patients from a single center in China. Dong-Yuan Chang, Zhi-Ying Li, Min Chen, Ming-Hui Zhao Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 2019, 48 (4): 701-706 Brief Report: Circulating Cytokine Profiles and Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Specificity in Patients With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. Alvise Berti, Roscoe Warner, Kent Johnson, Divi Cornec, Darrell Schroeder, Brian Kabat, Carol A Langford, Gary S Hoffman, Fernanado C Fervenza, Cees G M Kallenberg, Philip Seo, Robert Spiera, E William St Clair, Paul Brunetta, John H Stone, Peter A Merkel, Ulrich Specks, Paul A Monach Arthritis & Rheumatology 2018, 70 (7): 1114-1121 Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis: new possibilities for intervention. Cees G M Kallenberg, Coen A Stegeman, Wayel H Abdulahad, Peter Heeringa American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2013, 62 (6): 1176-87 ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV): a review for internists. Kinanah Yaseen, Brian F Mandell Postgraduate Medicine 2022 July 21, : 1-11 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: Toward an Individualized Approach. Javier Villacorta, Laura Martinez-Valenzuela, Irene Martin-Capon, Juliana Bordignon-Draibe Nephron 2021 December 15, : 1-17 Optimal management of ANCA-associated vasculitis before and during pregnancy: current perspectives. Ann-Christin Pecher, Melanie Henes, Joerg Christoph Henes Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2022 September 14 Association of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) specificity with demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with ANCA‑associated vasculitides. Krzysztof Wójcik, Anna Masiak, Radosław Jeleniewicz, Katarzyna Jakuszko, Iwona Brzosko, Hanna Storoniak, Joanna Kur-Zalewska, Małgorzata Wisłowska, Marta Madej, Anna Hawrot-Kawecka, Piotr Głuszko, Eugeniusz J Kucharz On Behalf Of Polvas Consortium Polish Archives of Internal Medicine 2022 March 30, 132 (3) Diagnostic algorithm for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated systemic vasculitis. T V Beketova Terapevticheskiĭ Arkhiv 2018 May 11, 90 (5): 13-22 Make the most of Read. Download the mobile app.

B cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Although previous studies have shown many genetic polymorphisms associated with B-cell activation in patients with various autoimmune disorders, progress in epigenetic research has revealed new mechanisms leading to B-cell...

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Chronic pain is an unpleasant and debilitating condition that is often poorly managed by existing th...

Create a free QxMD account to receive personalized paper recommendations, relevant to your practice. Get Started The role of the intestinal microbiome in antiphospholipid syndrome Dagmar J M van Mourik, Dorien M Salet, Saskia Middeldorp, Max Nieuwdorp, Thijs E van Mens Frontiers in Immunology 2022, 13: 954764 The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a thrombotic autoimmune disease in which the origin of the disease-characterizing autoantibodies is unknown. Increased research effort into the role of the intestinal microbiome in autoimmunity has produced new insights in this field. This scoping review focusses on the gut microbiome in its relation to APS. EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for original studies with relevance to the relation between the gut microbiome and APS. Thirty studies were included. Work on systemic lupus erythematosus, which strongly overlaps with APS, has shown that patients often display an altered gut microbiome composition, that the disease is transferable with the microbiome, and that microbiome manipulation affects disease activity in murine lupus models. The latter has also been shown for APS, although data on microbiome composition is less consistent. APS patients do display an altered intestinal IgA response. Evidence has accrued for molecular mimicry as an explanatory mechanism for these observations in APS and other autoimmune diseases. Specific gut microbes express proteins with homology to immunodominant APS autoantigens. The disease phenotype appears to be dependent on these mimicking proteins in an APS mouse model, and human APS B- and T-cells indeed cross-react with these mimics. Pre-clinical evidence furthermore suggests that diet may influence autoimmunity through the microbiome, as may microbial short chain fatty acid production, though this has not been studied in APS. Lastly, the microbiome has been shown to affect key drivers of thrombosis, and may thus affect APS severity through non-immunological mechanisms. Overall, these observations demonstrate the impact of the intestinal microbiome on autoimmunity and the importance of understanding its role in APS. Full Text Links We have located open access full text paper links. Full Text PDF Full Text Web Additional links Discussion You are not logged in. Sign Up or Log In to join the discussion. Related Papers Diet, microbiota and autoimmune diseases. S M Vieira, O E Pagovich, M A Kriegel Lupus 2014, 23 (6): 518-26 Pathogenic Autoreactive T and B Cells Cross-React with Mimotopes Expressed by a Common Human Gut Commensal to Trigger Autoimmunity. William E Ruff, Carina Dehner, Woo J Kim, Odelya Pagovich, Cassyanne L Aguiar, Andrew T Yu, Alexander S Roth, Silvio Manfredo Vieira, Christina Kriegel, Olamide Adeniyi, Melissa J Mulla, Vikki M Abrahams, William W Kwok, Ruth Nussinov, Doruk Erkan, Andrew L Goodman, Martin A Kriegel Cell Host & Microbe 2019 July 10, 26 (1): 100-113.e8 Abstracts of Presentations at the Association of Clinical Scientists 143 rd Meeting Louisville, KY May 11-14,2022. (no author information available yet) Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science 2022, 52 (3): 511-525 The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome. William E Ruff, Silvio M Vieira, Martin A Kriegel Current Rheumatology Reports 2015, 17 (1): 472 [The role of the microbiome in lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome]. Sylvio Redanz, Martin A Kriegel Zeitschrift Für Rheumatologie 2022, 81 (5): 423-426 Identification of novel, clinically correlated autoantigens in the monogenic autoimmune syndrome APS1 by proteome-wide PhIP-Seq. Sara E Vazquez, Elise Mn Ferré, David W Scheel, Sara Sunshine, Brenda Miao, Caleigh Mandel-Brehm, Zoe Quandt, Alice Y Chan, Mickie Cheng, Michael German, Michail Lionakis, Joseph L DeRisi, Mark S Anderson ELife 2020 May 15, 9 B cells in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: Review and remaining challenges. Yannick Dieudonné, Aurélien Guffroy, Vincent Poindron, Pauline Soulas Sprauel, Thierry Martin, Anne-Sophie Korganow, Vincent Gies Autoimmunity Reviews 2021, 20 (5): 102798 Gut Microbiota in Lupus: a Butterfly Effect? Rongli Li, Xia Meng, Beidi Chen, Lidan Zhao, Xuan Zhang Current Rheumatology Reports 2021 April 16, 23 (4): 27 Gut microbiota differently contributes to intestinal immune phenotype and systemic autoimmune progression in female and male lupus-prone mice. Benjamin M Johnson, Marie-Claude Gaudreau, Radhika Gudi, Robert Brown, Gary Gilkeson, Chenthamarakshan Vasu Journal of Autoimmunity 2020, 108: 102420 Gut Microbiota, Leaky Gut, and Autoimmune Diseases. Anna Christovich, Xin M Luo Frontiers in Immunology 2022, 13: 946248 Make the most of Read. Download the mobile app.

The prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) -- the most common biomarker of autoimmunity -- has increased considerably in recent years, particularly among teenagers. Researchers measured ANA in 13,519 participants ≥12 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition...

Anti-fibrillarin autoantibodies are useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Anti-fibrillarin produces a clumpy nucleolar pattern in indirect immunofluorescence assay on HEp-2 cells (HEp-2 IFA).