NeuroImmunology
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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
March 5, 2016 5:54 AM
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Prevalence of neurofascin-155 antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis - Journal of the Neurological Sciences

Antibodies against neurofascin, an axo-glial protein located around the node of Ranvier, have been shown to contribute to axonal pathology both in vitro and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models.
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March 2, 2016 1:03 PM
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Frontiers | Immune Evasion Strategies of Glioblastoma | Neurosurgery

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most devastating brain tumor, with associated poor prognosis. Despite advances in surgery and chemoradiation, the survival of afflicted patients has not improved significantly in the past three decades.
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March 2, 2016 4:57 AM
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The Immunology of Neuromyelitis Optica—Current Knowledge, Clinical Implications, Controversies and Future Perspectives

The Immunology of Neuromyelitis Optica—Current Knowledge, Clinical Implications, Controversies and Future Perspectives | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with typical clinical manifestations of optic neuritis and acute transverse myelitis attacks.
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February 29, 2016 4:43 AM
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Anti-MOG antibodies plead against MS diagnosis in an Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes cohort. - PubMed - NCBI

Anti-MOG antibodies plead against MS diagnosis in an Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes cohort. - PubMed - NCBI | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Mult Scler. 2015 Oct;21(12):1513-20. doi: 10.1177/1352458514566666. Epub 2015 Feb 6. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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February 27, 2016 1:34 PM
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Analysis of the Putative Role of CR1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Genetic Association, Expression and Function. - PubMed - NCBI

Analysis of the Putative Role of CR1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Genetic Association, Expression and Function. - PubMed - NCBI | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

PLoS One. 2016 Feb 25;11(2):e0149792. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149792. eCollection 2016.

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February 24, 2016 3:58 AM
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Body's immune system may play larger role in Alzheimer's disease than thought

Body's immune system may play larger role in Alzheimer's disease than thought | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Immune cells that normally help us fight off bacterial and viral infections may play a far greater role in Alzheimer’s disease than originally thought, according to neurobiologists.

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February 20, 2016 2:53 AM
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Antibody-based PET imaging of amyloid beta in mouse models of Alzheimer/'s disease : Nature Communications : Nature Publishing Group

Antibody-based PET imaging of amyloid beta in mouse models of Alzheimer/'s disease : Nature Communications : Nature Publishing Group | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Imaging tools for evaluating progression of Alzheimer’s disease have been lacking.

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February 19, 2016 8:29 AM
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Clinical characterization of autoimmune LGI1 antibody limbic encephalitis

Clinical characterization of autoimmune LGI1 antibody limbic encephalitis | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Conclusion Patients with LGI1 antibody encephalitis responded well to immunotherapy. We speculate that FBDS is likely a form of insular epilepsy. Graphical abstract (Source: Epilepsy and Behavior)

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February 18, 2016 2:42 PM
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The adaptive immune system restrains Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by modulating microglial function. - PubMed - NCBI

The adaptive immune system restrains Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by modulating microglial function. - PubMed - NCBI | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Feb 16. pii: 201525466. [Epub ahead of print]

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February 18, 2016 5:04 AM
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Is Toxoplasma Gondii Infection Related to Brain and Behavior Impairments in Humans? Evidence from a Population-Representative Birth Cohort

Is  Toxoplasma Gondii  Infection Related to Brain and Behavior Impairments in Humans? Evidence from a Population-Representative Birth Cohort | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Background Toxoplasma gondii (T . gondii) is a protozoan parasite present in around a third of the human population.

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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
February 17, 2016 3:54 AM
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Creating Tools for the Scientific Community

Creating Tools for the Scientific Community | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Building on the successful creation of a database of public and private research on Alzheimer's disease, the NIH Library and the National Institute on Aging are working on a second database designed...

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February 17, 2016 3:54 AM
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Corrections - The Lancet Neurology

Hohlfeld R, Dornmair K, Meinl E, Wekerle H. The search for the target antigens of multiple sclerosis, part 2: CD8+ T cells, B cells, and antibodies in the focus of reverse-translational research.

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February 14, 2016 3:25 PM
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Autoreactive CD19+CD20− Plasma Cells Contribute to Disease Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

The contribution of autoantibody-producing plasma cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear.

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March 4, 2016 1:50 PM
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Journal of Neuroinflammation

Journal of Neuroinflammation | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it
Journal of Neuroinflammation is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on interactions of the immune system (and especially the innate immune system) with the nervous system.
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March 2, 2016 4:58 AM
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Distinct Contributions of Astrocytes and Pericytes to Neuroinflammation Identified in a 3D Human Blood-Brain Barrier on a Chip

Distinct Contributions of Astrocytes and Pericytes to Neuroinflammation Identified in a 3D Human Blood-Brain Barrier on a Chip | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it
Neurovascular inflammation is a major contributor to many neurological disorders, but modeling these processes in vitro has proven to be difficult.
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February 29, 2016 9:44 AM
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Novel Applications of Magnetic Cell Sorting to Analyze Cell-Type Specific Gene and Protein Expression in the Central Nervous System

Novel Applications of Magnetic Cell Sorting to Analyze Cell-Type Specific Gene and Protein Expression in the Central Nervous System | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

The isolation and study of cell-specific populations in the central nervous system (CNS) has gained significant interest in the neuroscience community.

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February 28, 2016 5:14 AM
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Detection of germinoma cells in cerebrospinal fluid using Oct4 immunocytochemistry: a case report - Morooka - 2016 - Cytopathology - Wiley Online Library

Detection of germinoma cells in cerebrospinal fluid using Oct4 immunocytochemistry: a case report - Morooka - 2016 - Cytopathology - Wiley Online Library | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

A single case study showing that identifying nuclear positivity for a monoclonal antibody, OCT14, in large atypical cells in cerebrospinal fluid can be used to diagnose spinal dissemination of an intracranial germinoma.

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February 26, 2016 1:43 PM
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Nitric Oxide Protects against Infection-Induced Neuroinflammation by Preserving the Stability of the Blood-Brain Barrier

Author Summary Inflammatory responses can lead to harmful effects on the brain during many chronic parasitic infections, including those with African trypanosomes. T .

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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE from Koter Info - La Gazette de LLN-WSL-UCL
February 20, 2016 4:00 AM
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UCL - Sclérose en plaques

UCL - Sclérose en plaques | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Source de la carte : mipsep.org

 

 

Sclérose en plaques : des chercheurs UCL lauréats du Fonds Charcot

 

 

Le projet de recherche sur la sclérose en plaques du Dr.Vincent van Pesch (service de neurologie des Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc et Unité de Neurochimie, Institut de Neurosciences), de la Dre Catherine Uyttenhove, du Pr Thomas Michiels et du Pr Jacques Van Snick (Institut de Duve) a reçu le soutien de la Fondation Charcot ce vendredi 17 janvier.

 

La Fondation Charcot a octroyé un subside de 45.000 euros aux chercheurs de l’UCL afin qu’ils puissent approfondir leurs travaux sur la sclérose en plaques (SEP). Leur projet a pour but d’investiguer le rôle du GM-CSF (Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor) dans cette maladie neurologique auto-immune.

 

« Au cours de ces dernières années, les chercheurs de l’Institut de Duve ont développé une technique d’auto-vaccin chez la souris qui consiste à injecter une cytokine (par exemple l’IL-17) afin de provoquer la production d’anticorps dirigés contre celle-ci », explique le Dr Vincent van Pesch. « 

 

Cette technique permet de neutraliser l’effet pro-inflammatoire de la cytokine IL-17 ». Un anticorps monoclonal ainsi produit peut être isolé et réinjecté à d’autres souris. L’effet thérapeutique de l’anticorps a fait ses preuves sur un modèle murin de la sclérose en plaques. Les rongeurs ainsi vaccinés sont protégés contre l’induction de la maladie. « On pense que les lymphocytes produisant l’IL-17 exercent un rôle pro-inflammatoire qui est impliqué dans la physiopathologie de maladies dysimmunitaires, dont la sclérose en plaques », reprend Vincent van Pesch. « Les analyses montrent que les poussées de sclérose en plaques sont corrélées au degré de production d’IL-17 par les patients ».

 

Le souhait des scientifiques est d’analyser plus en détail les mécanismes d’action de cette voie pro-inflammatoire. « Les lymphocytes T produisent l’IL-17 mais également d’autres médiateurs de l’inflammation tel que le GM-CSF », poursuit Vincent van Pesch.

 

Pourquoi s’intéresser au GM-CSF en particulier ?

 

Les chercheurs ont pu observer que lorsqu’on induit une seconde poussée, les souris modèles ne réagissent pas au traitement avec l’anticorps dirigé contre l’IL-17. « Nous avons été surpris de constater qu’à ce stade, l’injection d’anticorps contre le GM-CSF diminue fortement les symptômes ! C’est probablement que les mécanismes immunitaires sont différents selon le stade de la sclérose en plaques ». Le but du projet de Vincent van Pesch, Catherine Uyttenhove, Jacques Van Snick et Thomas Michiels est de comprendre à quoi est due cette différence entre la première et la seconde poussée de SEP, quels sont les mécanismes immunitaires sous-jacents, mais également de comprendre le mode d’action de ce nouveau traitement par anticorps contre le GM-CSF.

 

Parallèlement aux travaux effectués sur le modèle murin, une collecte d’échantillons sanguins provenant de patients atteints de SEP est actuellement en cours. Ces échantillons permettront aux chercheurs de faire la comparaison entre l’expression des différents médiateurs de l’inflammation chez la souris et chez l’homme ainsi que d’analyser l’expression du GM-CSF et de ses effets sur les cellules immunitaires humaines.

 

En outre, le GM-CSF étant impliqué dans la différenciation des cellules présentatrices d’antigène qui activent les lymphocytes T, les scientifiques étudieront le degré d’activation de ces cellules chez des personnes contrôle, des personnes atteintes de SEP en poussée et en rémission. Ces recherches qui combinent un volet fondamental et un volet clinique devraient permettre de mieux cerner les mécanismes immunitaires de la SEP et peut-être d’ouvrir de nouvelles pistes de traitement.

 

La sclérose en plaques, maladie neurologique résultant d’un dérèglement immunitaire, touche 1 personne sur 1000 dans notre pays, en majorité des jeunes adultes et des femmes. Souvent invalidante, la sclérose en plaques est encore incurable.

 

Le premier médicament reconnu comme traitement de cette maladie a été commercialisé en 1993. Depuis 2006, cinq nouvelles molécules ont été approuvées pour les formes à poussées et rémissions. C’est un progrès, mais ce n’est qu’une étape dans la recherche d’un traitement agissant sur la phase dégénérative de la maladie.

 

La Fondation Charcot soutient la recherche sur la SEP en Belgique depuis plus de 26 ans. En 2014, la Fondation Charcot soutient cinq projets de recherche, particulièrement dans le domaine de l’immunologie, pour un montant de 197.000 €.

 

 


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Scooped by Gilbert C FAURE
February 19, 2016 8:30 AM
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Antibody can provide a more exact Alzheimer’s diagnosis than brain imaging with radioactive tracers - Uppsala University, Sweden

Antibody can provide a more exact Alzheimer’s diagnosis than brain imaging with radioactive tracers - Uppsala University, Sweden | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

For the first time, researchers have succeeded in passing an antibody through the blood-brain barrier to act as a tracer for PET imaging of the brain. This resulted in more precise information being obtained than with regular radioactive tracers.

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February 19, 2016 5:01 AM
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Increased CSF neurogranin concentration is specific to Alzheimer disease. - PubMed - NCBI

Increased CSF neurogranin concentration is specific to Alzheimer disease. - PubMed - NCBI | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Neurology. 2016 Jan 29. pii: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002423. [Epub ahead of print]

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February 18, 2016 2:42 PM
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PGE2 released by primary sensory neurons modulates Toll-like receptor 4 activities through an EP4 receptor-dependent process

PGE2 released by primary sensory neurons modulates Toll-like receptor 4 activities through an EP4 receptor-dependent process | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Publication date: 15 April 2016
Source:Journal of Neuroimmunology, Volume 293
Author(s): Kai-Hei Tse, Kevin B.S.

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February 17, 2016 1:31 PM
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AAV9-mediated central nervous system–targeted gene delivery via cisterna magna route in mice

AAV9-mediated central nervous system–targeted gene delivery via cisterna magna route in mice | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

An international, open-access journal publishing top-quality, novel methods and technology development, as well as significant improvements to established techniques in basic, translational, and clinical cell and gene therapy.

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February 17, 2016 3:54 AM
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Small molecules and Alzheimer's disease: misfolding, metabolism and imaging. - PubMed - NCBI

Small molecules and Alzheimer's disease: misfolding, metabolism and imaging. - PubMed - NCBI | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Curr Alzheimer Res. 2015;12(5):445-61.

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February 16, 2016 2:31 PM
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Frontiers | Imaging of Leukocyte Trafficking in Alzheimer’s Disease | Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology

Frontiers | Imaging of Leukocyte Trafficking in Alzheimer’s Disease | Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology | NeuroImmunology | Scoop.it

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by a progressive decline of cognitive functions.

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