A nonspecific boost Nature.com Flagellin is the main microbe-associated motif recognized in the gut, and this is mediated by the host sensor molecules TLR5 and NLRC4.
Drivers of B reg cells Nature.com Regulatory B cells (Breg cells) help to prevent excessive tissue damage during inflammation by the production of IL-10, but the drivers of Breg cell generation have yet to be delineated.
Scientists at The Forsyth Institute and Tufts University have succeeded in describing and validating a unique system of oral vaccine delivery using a common bacteria found in the mouth.
The interleukin-20 (IL-20) subfamily of cytokines comprises IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. These cytokines are all members of the larger IL-10 family, but have been grouped together to form the IL-20 subfamily based on their usage of common receptor subunits and similarities in their target-cell profiles and biological functions. Members of the IL-20 subfamily facilitate the communication between leukocytes and epithelial cells, thereby enhancing innate defence mechanisms and tissue repair processes at epithelial surfaces. In this Review, we describe the cellular sources and targets of the IL-20 subfamily cytokines, and we detail how their expression is regulated. Much of our understanding of the unique biology of this group of cytokines is still based on IL-22, which is the most studied member of the IL-20 subfamily. Nevertheless, we attempt a broader discussion of the emerging functions of IL-20 subfamily cytokines in host defence, inflammatory diseases, cancer and metabolism.
Gut microbiota A 'friendly' gut virus? Nature.com The beneficial effects of commensal bacteria are well known, and now new evidence shows that some eukaryotic viruses in the gut might be just as 'friendly', supporting intestinal homeostasis and...
by Mei Fu, Yabing Chen, Xianrong Xiong, Daoliang Lan, Jian Li This study aimed to establish yak mammary epithelial cells (YMECs) for an in vitro model of yak mammary gland biology.
Scavenger receptor B1 in lung immunity Nature.com The scavenger receptor B1, known for its regulation of high-density lipoprotein complexes in plasma and uptake of vitamin E, is expressed in AMs and epithelial cells, but its role in lung immune...
Knowing more about how blood and lymphatic vessels develop in the gut should lead to new ways to prevent cancer spread and gut-specific lymphatic diseases, say researchers.
Re-Emphasising The Importance Of Breast-Feeding Nigerian Observer The main immune factor at work here is a substance called Secretory Immunogiobulin A(IgA) that present in large amount in colostrums, the first milk your body producers for your baby...
Our lungs bring in vital oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. But they're also an important immune site. They filter the air we breathe, repulsing invaders and repairing injury. But sometimes...
Mucosal Immunology is the official publication of the Society of Mucosal Immunology (SMI). It aims to provide a forum for both basic and clinical scientists to discuss all aspects of immunity and inflammation involving mucosal tissues.
Lettuce is a kind of popular and healthy green vegetable packed with essential nutrients. Is lettuce good for IgA Nephropathy patients? As we all know, IgA Neph
Intestinal microbial communities have profound effects on host physiology. Whereas the symbiotic contribution of commensal bacteria is well established, the role of eukaryotic viruses that are present in the gastrointestinal tract under homeostatic conditions is undefined. Here we demonstrate that a common enteric RNA virus can replace the beneficial function of commensal bacteria in the intestine. Murine norovirus (MNV) infection of germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice restored intestinal morphology and lymphocyte function without inducing overt inflammation and disease. The presence of MNV also suppressed an expansion of group 2 innate lymphoid cells observed in the absence of bacteria, and induced transcriptional changes in the intestine associated with immune development and type I interferon (IFN) signalling. Consistent with this observation, the IFN-[agr] receptor was essential for the ability of MNV to compensate for bacterial depletion. Importantly, MNV infection offset the deleterious effect of treatment with antibiotics in models of intestinal injury and pathogenic bacterial infection. These data indicate that eukaryotic viruses have the capacity to support intestinal homeostasis and shape mucosal immunity, similarly to commensal bacteria.
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