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Alteration in bacterial composition in saliva was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization due to liver-related conditions in patients with cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy, according to newly published data.“Our aim was to analyze the... 
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Rhinology. 2015 Apr 25. [Epub ahead of print]
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New Pathway that Prevents Chronic Inflammation in the Gut
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Gastroenterology & Endoscopy News
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Am J Dent. 2015 Feb;28(1):9-12. Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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The body's immune system may be the keeper of a healthy gut microbiota, report scientists. They found that a binding protein on white blood cells could affect whether or not mice produced a balanced gut microbiota.
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Highlights
•ID2 is essential to mediate colonization resistance against C. rodentium•Continued expression of ID2 is required for the homeostasis of ILC3s•ID2-E2A interaction regulates ILC3s producing IL-22 through the AhR and IL-23R pathway•IL-22 from ILC3s controls colonization resistance through regulating the microbiota
Summary Microbiota-mediated effects on the host immune response facilitate colonization resistance against pathogens. However, it is unclear whether and how the host immune response can regulate the microbiota to mediate colonization resistance. ID2, an essential transcriptional regulator for the development of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) progenitors, remains highly expressed in differentiated ILCs with unknown function. Using conditionally deficient mice in which ID2 is deleted from differentiated ILC3s, we observed that these mutant mice exhibited greatly impaired gut colonization resistance against Citrobacter rodentium. Utilizing gnotobiotic hosts, we showed that the ID2-dependent early colonization resistance was mediated by interleukin-22 (IL-22) regulation of the microbiota. In addition to regulating development, ID2 maintained homeostasis of ILC3s and controlled IL-22 production through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and IL-23 receptor pathway. Thus, ILC3s can mediate immune surveillance, which constantly maintains a proper microbiota, to facilitate early colonization resistance through an ID2-dependent regulation of IL-22. Via Krishan Maggon
Krishan Maggon 's curator insight,
April 27, 2015 5:51 AM
Immunity Volume 42, Issue 4, p731–743, 21 April 2015ArticleSwitch to Standard ViewInnate Lymphoid Cells Control Early Colonization Resistance against Intestinal Pathogens through ID2-Dependent Regulation of the MicrobiotaXiaohuan Guo, Yong Liang, Yuan Zhang, Anna Lasorella, Barbara L. Kee, Yang-Xin Fu DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.012
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The gut microbiota makes up the majority of the human bacterial population, and although the gut microbiota resides in the intestines, it is able to exert systemic effects.
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Author: World Health Organization, United Nations Children's FundThis report proposes a cohesive approach to ending preventable pneumonia and diarrhea deaths in children.
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by Wei-Chen Lin, Wei-Ting Chang, Tsuey-Yu Chang, Jyh-Wei Shin Background Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that occurs in the urogenital-vaginal tract and is the primary causative agent of trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted...
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While studying pre-eclampsia, a disease that affects pregnant women, researchers happened upon a new type of human embryonic stem cell.
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Our immune system may be instrumental to maintaining balance in our gut microbiota by producing a single binding protein on white blood cells.
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A new educational resource for doctors and healthcare professionals will help improve knowledge and treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
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Four Pathways Involving Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia: Kelsey R Bounds,... http://t.co/JWz6O119R2 #CVD #Cardiology
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Bacteria in the gut can influence the brain and mood, so clinicians should be mindful of their patients' diet.
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Clinical & Translational Immunology focuses on the general functioning of the immune system in its broadest sense, with a particular emphasis on its cell biology.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
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J Am Coll Nutr. 2015 Apr 24:1-11. [Epub ahead of print]
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NK cells are the most abundant lymphocyte population in the feto-maternal interface during gestation. The uterine NK cells (uNK) are transient, have a unique immunophenotype and produce a number of cytokines.
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Our immune system has evolved to recognize and eradicate pathogenic microbes. However, we have a symbiotic relationship with multiple species of bacteria that occupy the gut and comprise the natural commensal flora or microbiota.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
2011
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by Philip K. Frykman, Agneta Nordenskjöld, Akemi Kawaguchi, Thomas T. Hui, Anna L. Granström, Zhi Cheng, Jie Tang, David M. Underhill, Iliyan Iliev, Vince A.
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Cornell Chronicle
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Development and Application of an ELISA for the Detection of Porcine Deltacoronavirus IgG Antibodies
by Anil Thachil, Priscilla F. Gerber, Chao-Ting Xiao, Yao-Wei Huang, Tanja Opriessnig Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), also known as porcine coronavirus HKU15, was first detected in North America in early 2014 and associated with enteric disease...
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Daily assessment of cytokine levels in the genital tract of HIV-1 infected women finds a subset of pro-inflammatory cytokines that correlates with viral shedding.
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by Shuangshuang Guo, Yuming Guo, Ayla Ergun, Lei Lu, W.
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Interleukin-17B Antagonizes Interleukin-25-Mediated Mucosal Inflammation http://t.co/CcoTnzZvG1
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