Noroviruses are common; they are the primary cause of viral gastroenteritis in people and are infamous for ruining the vacations of cruise-goers. They pres
Mucosal Immunity
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Microbes are everywhere---from the walls of your intestines to the surface of your desk to the sidewalks in your neighborhood. You just can't see them.
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Thoroughly revised estimates show that the typical adult human body consists of about 30 trillion human cells and about 38 trillion bacteria.
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Lung Cell Protein Triggers a Dangerous Immune Response
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Exp Cell Res. 2016 Aug 16. pii: S0014-4827(16)30241-5. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.011. [Epub ahead of print]
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J Sports Sci. 2016 Aug 19:1-9. [Epub ahead of print]
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Cellular and Molecular Immunology aims to report the dynamic progress being made in China and abroad in immunological research, and welcomes high-quality Research Articles, Reviews and Brief Reports across a broad range of topics including, but not...
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Inflammatory signals control activation of mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, allowing them to discriminate commensal bacteria from pathogens.
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The equilibrium linking the intestinal microbiota, the intestinal epithelium, and the host immune system establishes host health and homeostasis, with perturbations of this balance resulting in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune immunopathologies. The mutualistic symbiosis between gut microbiota and host immunity raises the possibility that dysbiosis of the intestinal content also influences the outcome of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present our recent findings that specific gut-resident bacteria determine the immunotherapeutic responses associated with CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade. This new evidence hints that interindividual differences in the microbiome may account for the significant heterogeneity in therapeutic and immunopathologic responses to immune checkpoint therapies. We discuss how this new understanding could improve the therapeutic coverage of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and potentially limit their immune-mediated toxicity, through the use of adjunctive “oncomicrobiotics” that indirectly promote beneficial immune responses through optimizing the gut microbiome. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4602–7. ©2016 AACR .
Via Krishan Maggon
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Malin E. V. Johansson & Gunnar C. Hansson AffiliationsCorresponding author Nature Reviews Immunology (2016) doi:10.1038/nri.2016.88 Published online 08 August 2016
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
A number of mechanisms ensure that the intestine is protected from pathogens and also against our own intestinal microbiota. The outermost of these is the secreted mucus, which entraps bacteria and prevents their translocation into the tissue. Mucus contains many immunomodulatory molecules and is largely produced by the goblet cells. These cells are highly responsive to the signals they receive from the immune system and are also able to deliver antigens from the lumen to dendritic cells in the lamina propria. In this Review, we will give a basic overview of mucus, mucins and goblet cells, and explain how each of these contributes to immune regulation in the intestine.
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Bacteria from the human body produce an antibiotic that seems to kill resistant bacteria.
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There are entire cities of bacteria inside your body. Here is the metropolis in your tooth scum.
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There is a need for early identification of children with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) at risk of progression of kidney disease.
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ENT & Audiology News. 1,761 likes · 109 talking about this. ENT & Audiology News is a magazine for Otolaryngologists, Rhinologists, Audiologist
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
they talk about immunology in chronic sinusitis
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Zonulin protein is a newly discovered modulator which modulates the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier by disassembling intercellular tight junctions (TJ). Disruption of TJ is associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
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Topical Mucosal Vaccination with Angiotensin (1-7) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Induces Secretory IgA Responses, Journal of Medical Microbiology & Diagnosis.
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The gut ILC population is a lot more diverse than we thought, and this diversity requires
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For the study, the research team conducted a three-year trial in a Hutterite colony, where people live communally and are relatively isolated from cities and towns, to determine whether vaccinating children and adolescents with the flu nasal spray provided better direct and community protection than the standard flu shot.
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IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is well identified by dominant IgA glomerular deposits; however, this immunohistologic entity can be an asymptomatic chance finding or present with an extremely variable course.
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Mucosal surveillance ensures rapid protection when a pathogen breaches the barrier.
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Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common infectious cause of healthcare-acquired diarrhoea. Outcomes of C. difficile colonization are varied, from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant colitis and death, due in part to the interplay betwee
Via Krishan Maggon
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
2013
Krishan Maggon 's curator insight,
August 9, 2016 4:13 AM
Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2013 Feb; 1(1): 19–35.
doi: 10.1177/2049936112472173 PMCID: PMC4040718 The host immune response to Clostridium difficile infection Katie Solomon, BSc, MSc, PhD
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A study on microbe versus microbe battles within the human nose yields a new antibiotic.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
bis
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Alterations of pulmonary microbiome have been recognized in multiple respiratory disorders.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
at birth! and after tobacco exposure?
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