RT @jsoriamd: More on microbiome & cancer https://t.co/HPVTaWZYcd
Mucosal Immunity
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A recently published study showed interleukin-9 and T helper 9 cells identified in the gut microbiome of patients with psoriatic arthritis and may play a role in in the disease.Researchers enrolled 25 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 15...
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Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
interesting list of clinical trials underwat
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Biosimilaires et maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin https://t.co/3mCrCKaJj2
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World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Jul 21;22(27):6296-317. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6296.
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A mucosal immune system seems to exist alongside the systemic immune system, developing stimulation and maturation mechanisms independent of the systemic system.
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A study led by researchers at The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) suggests that maternal HIV infection influences the microbiome of their HIV-uninfected infants. Their findings, reporte Via Kenzibit
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Efficacy studies of ANTHIM (obiltoxaximab) Injection in treatment and prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax.
Via Krishan Maggon
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A bidirectional link between the brain and the gut can improve or worsen brain injury in mice, researchers report.
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Clin Immunol. 2016 Jul 18. pii: S1521-6616(16)30180-2. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.07.011. [Epub ahead of print]
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Abstract IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the leading cause of primary glomerulonephritis in the world. The disease is characterized by the presence of immune complexes in the circulation and in mesangial deposits with ensuing glomerular injury. Although in humans there are two IgA subclasses, only IgA1 molecules are involved. The exclusivity of participation of IgA1 in IgAN prompted extensive structural and immunological studies of the unique hinge region (HR) of IgA1, which is absent in otherwise highly homologous IgA2. HR of IgA1 with altered O-glycans serves as an antigen recognized by autoantibodies specific for aberrant HR glycans leading to the generation of nephritogenic immune complexes. However, there are several unresolved questions concerning the phylogenetic origin of human IgA1 HR, the structural basis of its antigenicity, the origin of antibodies specific for HR with altered glycan moieties, the regulatory defects in IgA1 glycosylation pathways, and the potential approaches applicable to the disease-specific interventions in the formation of nephritogenic immune complexes. This review focuses on the gaps in our knowledge of molecular and cellular events that are involved in the immunopathogenesis of IgAN.
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In 2014, I gave a talk at Transhuman Visions in 2014 where I said older Tiger Moms would be the driver of early adoption of genetic intelligence enhancement after the lifting of the One child policy in China.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
IVF
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Nat Rev Immunol. 2016 Mar;16(3):135-48. doi: 10.1038/nri.2015.17. Epub 2016 Feb 22. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
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Cell Host Microbe. 2016 Jul 13;20(1):6-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.06.014.
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Tracking the latest discoveries in digestive diseases.
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Since the 1970s, microbiologists have been saying bacteria outnumber human cells in our bodies by about 10-to-1. A new analysis says that old number was a “fake” fact — and gross exaggeration.
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Named after the silks that were exported from China, the Silk Road helped spread news, art and culture through a large part of the world.
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Secretory IgA (SIgA) are closely linked to bacteria colonization. SIgA play a critical role in the regulation of the microbial flora. Mucosal immune imbalance may open the way to infection.
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Live imaging of a model intestinal microbiota reveals that enteric neural function and peristalsis, combined with the spatial structure of microbial communities, can drive competition between bacterial species.
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Background and Aim
Celiac disease (CD) is emerging in Asia. While a few population-based studies from Asia have reported a prevalence of CD from 0.1% to 1.3%, the exact prevalence of CD in Asia is not known.
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Highlights •Mtb translocates across model M cells in vitro in an active, transcellular process •Depletion of airway M cells in mice reduces Mtb dissemination via NALT •M cells contribute to Mtb dissemination from the airway mucosa •Airway M cell depletion in mice prior to aerosol Mtb infection improves survival Summary The prevailing paradigm is that tuberculosis infection is initiated when patrolling alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells within the terminal alveolus ingest inhaled Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, definitive data for this model are lacking. Among the epithelial cells of the upper airway, a specialized epithelial cell known as a microfold cell (M cell) overlies various components of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue. Here, using multiple mouse models, we show that Mtb invades via M cells to initiate infection. Intranasal Mtb infection in mice lacking M cells either genetically or by antibody depletion resulted in reduced invasion and dissemination to draining lymph nodes. M cell-depleted mice infected via aerosol also had delayed dissemination to lymph nodes and reduced mortality. Translocation of Mtb across two M cell transwell models was rapid and transcellular. Thus, M cell translocation is a vital entry mechanism that contributes to the pathogenesis of Mtb.
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Read more about 'New way that TB enters body identified' on Business Standard.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
M cells!
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Condition: Parodontosis
Intervention: Other: blood samples Sponsor: Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Marseille Recruiting - verified July 2016
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J Reprod Immunol. 2016 Jul 5;117:45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.03.006. [Epub ahead of print]
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Abstract It has been proposed that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 present in seminal plasma (SP) triggers a female immune response favorable for implantation. We hypothesize that seminal interleukin (IL)-18, a cytokine that can potentially cause implantation failure, interferes with the beneficial effect of TGF-β1. This study aims to determine whether the levels of seminal TGF-β1 and IL-18 are associated with reproductive outcomes in patients exposed to SP during in vitro fertilization (IVF) or IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). A prospective study, which included 71 couples undergoing IVF/ICSI was carried out. Female patients were exposed to their partners' SP via timed intercourse before the day of ovum pick-up (OPU) and also subjected to intravaginal SP application just after OPU. Quantitative measurements of total TGF-β1 (active plus latent) as well as IL-18 were determined by FlowCytomix™ technology in the SP to be used for intravaginal applications. Comparison of SP cytokine profiles between pregnant and non-pregnant groups revealed that pregnancy was correlated with a lower concentration of IL-18 (P=0.018) and lower content per ejaculate for both of IL-18 (P=0.0003) and TGF-β1 (P=0.047). The ratio of TGF-β1-to-IL-18 concentration was significantly higher in the pregnant than in the non-pregnant group (P=0.026). This study supports the notion that two key cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-18, both present in SP are associated with reproductive outcomes in female patients exposed to SP during IVF/ICSI treatment.
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