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Plant and Seed Biology
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TWB signed a contract of synthetic biology with TOTAL for the production of molecules for the plastics chemistry from biosourced raw materials. 
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To be more effective, food activists should steer clear of buzzwords that only confuse the issues.
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The online press room for AGRA (www.agra.org) -- Growing Africa's Agriculture
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An international, peer-reviewed genome sciences journal featuring outstanding original research that offers novel insights into the biology of all organisms
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Compte rendu vidéo du colloque " Nourriture et Population : le Grand Défi " organisé par la Fondation Ecologie d'Avenir, le vendredi 14 mars 2014, à la maiso...
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Researchers from The Sainsbury Lab, UK, discuss the applications and impact of the latest genome editing tool in plants, CRISPR/Cas | Research published by BioMed Central
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Loïc Lepiniec's insight:
GENETICS Being Selective in the Prochlorococcus Collective
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Plant embryogenesis initiates with the establishment of an apical-basal axis; however, the molecular mechanisms accompanying this early event remain unclear. Here, we show that a small cysteine-rich peptide family is required for formation of the zygotic basal cell lineage and proembryo patterning in Arabidopsis. EMBRYO SURROUNDING FACTOR 1 (ESF1) peptides accumulate before fertilization in central cell gametes and thereafter in embryo-surrounding endosperm cells. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed cleavage of ESF1 propeptides to form biologically active mature peptides. Further, these peptides act in a non–cell-autonomous manner and synergistically with the receptor-like kinase SHORT SUSPENSOR to promote suspensor elongation through the YODA mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Our findings demonstrate that the second female gamete and its sexually derived endosperm regulate early embryonic patterning in flowering plants. Via Francis Martin
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Organisms are defined by the information encoded in their genomes, and since the origin of life this information has been encoded using a two-base-pair genetic alphabet (A-T and G-C). In vitro, the alphabet has been expanded to include several unnatural base pairs (UBPs). We have developed a class of UBPs formed between nucleotides bearing hydrophobic nucleobases, exemplified by the pair formed between d5SICS and dNaM (d5SICS-dNaM), which is efficiently PCR-amplified and transcribed in vitro, and whose unique mechanism of replication has been characterized. However, expansion of an organism/'s genetic alphabet presents new and unprecedented challenges: the unnatural nucleoside triphosphates must be available inside the cell; endogenous polymerases must be able to use the unnatural triphosphates to faithfully replicate DNA containing the UBP within the complex cellular milieu; and finally, the UBP must be stable in the presence of pathways that maintain the integrity of DNA. Here we show that an exogenously expressed algal nucleotide triphosphate transporter efficiently imports the triphosphates of both d5SICS and dNaM (d5SICSTP and dNaMTP) into Escherichia coli, and that the endogenous replication machinery uses them to accurately replicate a plasmid containing d5SICS-dNaM. Neither the presence of the unnatural triphosphates nor the replication of the UBP introduces a notable growth burden. Lastly, we find that the UBP is not efficiently excised by DNA repair pathways. Thus, the resulting bacterium is the first organism to propagate stably an expanded genetic alphabet.
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Progeny of the protist Paramecium tetraurelia always retain the parental mating type. This inheritance is revealed to result from an RNA-guided DNA-deletion pathway that protects the genome from foreign DNA sequences.
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Dr Laura Vickers's curator insight,
May 7, 2014 10:03 AM
Very good paper reviewing the literature and current thinking of ABA signalling, those keen eyed #bio398 will see this referenced in the slides from the 3rd workshop
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From
www
Why are some sea slugs able to maintain the chloroplasts that they injest alive for so long? What does this tell us about the organelle / host cell interaction? Via Mary Williams, Loïc Lepiniec
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The Sainsbury Lab's curator insight,
April 28, 2014 4:20 AM
When a plant cell divides, four related proteins control the trafficking of vesicles and ensure that cargo that is normally recycled to the plasma membrane is instead re-routed to the plane of cell division.
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Découvrez la publication Les OGM, une opportunité à saisir pour la France de la fondation Concorde, groupe de réflexion indépendant fondé en 1997.
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Double fertilization is a key feature of flowering plants. One sperm cell from the pollen grain fertilizes the egg cell to form the embryo while the other sperm fuses with a second female gamete, called the central cell. The second fertilization event gives rise to the endosperm, long thought to be mainly a nourishing tissue supporting the developing embryo or the germinating seedling (1). In the last issue of Science, Costa and co-workers report that in Arabidopsis thaliana the endosperm also provides crucial signals for the apical-basal patterning process of the embryo (2). Via Francis Martin
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Methods for genome targeting of mutations and gene insertions. Recent advances for elucidation of plant secondary biosynthetic pathways. Metabolic engineering of paclitaxel biosynthesis in vitro. Production of β-carotene in Golden Rice and other food crops.
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