The hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by a group of Enteroviruses such as Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus CV-A5, CV-A8, and CV-A16.
Mucosal Immunity
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Maria C. Basil& Bruce D. LevyAffiliationsCorresponding authorNature Reviews Immunology 16, 51–67 (2016) doi:10.1038/nri.2015.4Published online 21 December 2015
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are enzymatically derived from essential fatty acids and have important roles in orchestrating the resolution of tissue inflammation — that is, catabasis. Host responses to tissue infection elicit acute inflammation in an attempt to control invading pathogens. SPMs are lipid mediators that are part of a larger family of pro-resolving molecules, which includes proteins and gases, that together restrain inflammation and resolve the infection. These immunoresolvents are distinct from immunosuppressive molecules as they not only dampen inflammation but also promote host defence. Here, we focus primarily on SPMs and their roles in lung infection and inflammation to illustrate the potent actions these mediators play in restoring tissue homeostasis after an infection. 
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Background:Interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling genes are attractive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) candidate genes as IL-10 restricts intestinal inflammation, IL-10 polymorphisms have been associated with IBD in genome-wide association studies, and...
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Highlights
• Several tissues contain conventional and tissue-resident NK cell populations. • Tissue-resident NK cells have unique phenotypes and developmental pathways. • The functions of conventional and tissue-resident NK cells appear to be complementary.
Here we focus on the phenotypic and functional diversity of NK cells. We give an overview of the phenotype and developmental pathways of conventional and tissue-resident NK cells. We also discuss the potential complementary functions of conventional NK cells and tissue-resident NK cells in a variety of tissues. Via Krishan Maggon
Krishan Maggon 's curator insight,
December 28, 2015 8:26 AM
Current Opinion in Immunology Volume 38, February 2016, Pages 67–74 Innate immunity
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RT @britsocimm: "Interrelatedness between dysbiosis in the gut microbiota" #immunodeficiency #colitis Read: https://t.co/cVPtf7sARe https:/…...
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PLoS One. 2015 Dec 22;10(12):e0145301. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145301. eCollection 2015.
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New research from the University of Birmingham has found that lower levels of antibodies in saliva are associated with of an elevated risk of mortality, and could be an early indicator of risk.
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Dry eye is an allegedly autoimmune disorder for which the initiating mechanisms and the targeted antigens in the ocular surface are not known, yet there is extensive evidence that a localized Th1/Th17 effector T cell response is responsible for...
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Publication date: 3 December 2015
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Mucosal Immunology is the official publication of the Society of Mucosal Immunology (SMI). It aims to provide a forum for both basic and clinical scientists to discuss all aspects of immunity and inflammation involving mucosal tissues.
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Nature Immunology is a multidisciplinary journal that publishes papers of the highest quality and significance in all areas of immunology. Priority is given to work that provides fundamental insight into the workings of the immune system.
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A significant number of chronic diseases are linked to perinatal nutrition, and prevention may be associated to naturally occurring components of breast milk.
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Transcriptome analyses were conducted on the ileal mucosa of 14-35 day-old piglets to investigate postnatal gut development during suckling and post-weaning.
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Microbiota drive IgA production via DC-derived TGF-β
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A recent epidemiological study showed that eating ‘fast food’ items such as potato chips increased likelihood of obesity, whereas eating yogurt prevented age-associated weight gain in humans.
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Author Summary IAV causes seasonal epidemics that result in significant morbidity and mortality annually. Less frequently, novel viral strains emerge and are responsible for much larger outbreaks around the globe.
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Introduction: We have previously demonstrated that adoptive transfer of naïve CD4+ T cells devoid of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1-deficient (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18) into recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1) deficient...
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Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2015 Dec 23. pii: canprevres.0299.2015. [Epub ahead of print]
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Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2015 Apr 15;164(3-4):201-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.02.008. Epub 2015 Feb 27. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Human α-defensin 6 (HD6) is a unique peptide of the defensin family that provides innate immunity in the intestine by self-assembling to form higher-order oligomers that entrap bacteria and prevent host cell invasion.
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The mucus layer is critical in limiting contact between host and the complex bacterial consortia that colonize the intestine.
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Linking Microbiota to Human Diseases: A Systems Biology Perspective: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism https://t.co/xgLw8dje1p
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Macrophages are the most numerous immune-cells present in the lung environment under homoeostatic conditions and are ideally positioned to dictate the innate defence of the airways.
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Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most prevalent antibody at mucosal sites, and has an important role in defense by preventing invasion of pathogens.
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Frontiers | The Treg/Th17 Axis: A Dynamic Balance Regulated by the Gut Microbiome | Mucosal Immunity
T-helper 17 (Th17) and T-regulatory (Treg) cells are frequently found at barrier surfaces, particularly within the intestinal mucosa, where they function to protect the host from pathogenic microorganisms and to restrain excessive effector T-cell...
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