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"A free tool that translates the hidden meanings of the ’emojis’ that young people exchange with each other in messages on social networks has been developed by a Portuguese computer security expert and is being shared globally.
The translator, designed to be used by parents of children and teenagers, was created by David Sopas, a computer security researcher based in Figueira da Foz, in central Portugal, inspired, in part, for the theme, by the series “Adolescence”, a hit on the streaming platform Netflix, but also by conversations with friends who have teenage children.
“It was, in part, the Netflix series, which I thought was fantastic and which gave a new vision of the use of ’emojis’, which I had no idea about,” David Sopas told Lusa news agency today.
Concern for his own daughter, who “is not yet a teenager, she is six years old, but she is heading there”, and conversations with friends who have older children, and who commented on “some problems they have with ‘sexting’ [exchanging erotic messages via mobile phone or in chats on social networks] or ‘cyberbullying’ [aggressive behaviour via the internet]”, led the computer security specialist to act.
The simple tool, available for free at https://dsopas.github.io/emoji-translator/ was developed after researching the content in question, namely the ’emojis’ that young people usually use and that adults “have no idea what they are for”.
“An apple, to me, is an apple,” David Sopas noted – but it can also be a way of showing affection – as well as the double meaning of some terms and the combination of several ’emojis’ to build sentences.
This use by younger people also serves “to get around some situations, which I presume were monitoring ‘software’ that blocked some conversation topics” in the applications used and which was used by someone to create a language based on symbols for general use on the internet, he noted.
On Wednesday, David Sopas began sharing the computer tool — available in English to have a greater scope and global character — and was surprised by the impact it had and the massive sharing across his networks, particularly at an international level.
The specialist has already received a few requests to translate the tool into Portuguese, starting with the MiúdosSegurosNa.Net project, by Tito de Morais, and, due to lack of time, he replied that the translator is open source, is hosted on GitHub — a collaborative platform that brings together source code used in the production of software — and has a license that allows anyone to change it.
“The only thing I ask is that you give me credit [for the authorship]... It’s free, anyone who wants it can go to GitHub, the source code is there”, stressed David Sopas.
From Diário Notícias"
By TOBI HUGHES·27TH MARCH 2025
https://www.madeiraislandnews.com/2025/03/computer-security-expert-creates-translator-for-emojis-used-by-young-people.html
"Learn six AI search players to watch (Google AI Overviews, ChatGPT search, and beyond), how they source content, and what it means for SEO.
Bruce Clay on March 25, 2025 at 8:00 am |
AI-powered search is drastically changing the way people find information. For years, ranking well in Google and Microsoft Bing has been the foundation of search visibility.
But as AI-driven search gains traction, is that ranking priority shifting or staying the same?
We’re in an era of uncertainty we haven’t seen since the early days of SEO – when search engines rose and fell in a battle for relevance.
Time will tell which AI answer engine wins the game. SEO is still relevant, but AI is rewriting the rules.
Six AI search players to watch and how they source content.
Market share and usage trends that show where search behavior is shifting.
How AI answer engines still depend on traditional search engines.
What businesses should do now to optimize for AI-driven search.
Here’s what you need to know.
AI models and real-time search
Before we move forward, a quick note on how these AI platforms generally work. AI models are trained on data available up to specific cutoff dates.
For instance, Google’s Gemini 2.0 Pro had a knowledge cutoff in August 2024, while OpenAI’s GPT-4o extended its training data up to June 2024. Yes, it can change daily.
This means that for recent events or emerging trends, among other things, these models rely on real-time data retrieval rather than their internal knowledge base.
In other words, their ability to provide accurate and up-to-date results is directly tied to their ability to access and process new information from the web. That is key.
Another thing to note is that AI search engines can build their own web indexes.
For instance, Perplexity AI’s PerplexityBot crawls the web directly, creating its own content database rather than relying on Google’s or Bing’s indexes. But even so, AI search engines can and do still rely on search engine results, too.
Website owners who want to control how AI search engines access their content can manage these crawlers in their robots.txt settings.
Now let’s discuss the different ways AI search engines are relevant to SEO today.
Google: AI Overviews
AI Overviews represented a huge shift in Google Search.
Google’s AI-generated responses – powered by Google’s Gemini AI model – are designed to provide quick but comprehensive answers by pulling information from multiple sources.
For SEO professionals, this introduced both opportunities and challenges.
AI Overviews rely on Google’s search index to determine what information to present, but they also change how users interact with search results.
How AI Overviews work
Google’s Gemini 2.0 AI model powers AI Overviews, generating instant summaries for certain queries.
AI-generated responses appear at the top of Google’s search results, often before traditional organic listings.
Market share and adoption
Google still dominates the search market, holding about 87.28% of the U.S. search market.
With billions of searches per day, AI Overviews have the potential to reshape organic search traffic and user behavior.
What this means for SEO
Ranking in Google still matters – AI Overviews primarily pull from the search results.
A study by Rich Sanger and Authoritas found that 46% of AI Overview citations come from the top 10 organic search results.
Anecdotal data from my SEO agency suggests you need to be in the top 20 for a better chance of inclusion in AI Overviews. There are outliers, and some resources cited in AI Overviews will rank outside of what we would traditionally call “being ranked at all.”
Inclusion in AI Overviews can boost clicks to the cited sources and, according to some research, harm performance for those that don’t show up. For instance, for transactional queries, webpages included in AI Overviews had 3.2 times as many clicks as pages that were excluded. For informational queries, webpages with a presence in AI Overviews had 1.5 times as many clicks compared to webpages excluded by AI Overviews.
If your content doesn’t rank well in Google, it’s unlikely to appear in AI Overviews, reinforcing the need for strong SEO. There are many opinions on which tactics you need to succeed. I advocate continuing to stay the course with a strong SEO program with a balanced mix of technical SEO, on-page optimization and excellent content.
Website owners can control whether their content is included in AI-generated answers. Google-Extended is an opt-out setting that allows websites to block Google from using their content for AI models like Gemini, while still allowing Googlebot to crawl their site for search rankings. Blocking Google-Extended won’t affect your rankings in Google Search, but it will stop Gemini from using your content in AI-generated responses.
Take note: Research shows that inclusion in AI Overviews can be more volatile than the organic search results.
Takeaway: AI Overviews aren’t replacing traditional search, but they are changing how search results are consumed. For now, the strategy remains the same: Optimize for Google Search, and AI Overviews will follow.
Google: AI Mode
In March 2025, Google announced AI Mode, an optional feature designed to offer a more AI-driven search experience.
Unlike standard Google Search, where AI Overviews appear alongside organic results, AI Mode allows users to toggle into a search environment where AI-generated answers take center stage.
How AI Mode works
A separate search option where AI-generated responses are more detailed, conversational, and visually enhanced. Reminiscent of Bing’s Copilot toggle.
AI Mode “brings together advanced model capabilities with Google’s best-in-class information systems, and it’s built right into Search. You can not only access high-quality web content, but also tap into fresh, real-time sources like the Knowledge Graph, info about the real world, and shopping data for billions of products. It uses a ‘query fan-out’ technique, issuing multiple related searches concurrently across subtopics and multiple data sources and then brings those results together to provide an easy-to-understand response,” according to Google (announcement link above).
Google told Search Engine Land that, like AI Overviews, AI Mode surfaces relevant links to help people find webpages and content, and that Google teaches the model to decide when to include hyperlinks in the response. For example, if it’s likely that users want to take action on a website (like booking tickets), then links would be useful. AI mode will also decide when to prioritize visual information, such as images or videos, for queries like how-to searches.
What this means for SEO
Google says that AI Mode “is rooted in our core quality and ranking systems, and we’re also using novel approaches with the model’s reasoning capabilities to improve factuality. We aim to show an AI-powered response as much as possible, but in cases where we don’t have high confidence in helpfulness and quality, the response will be a set of web search results.”
AI Mode is now in testing. Whether it will impact click-through rates in the same way as AI Overviews remains to be seen.
Takeaway: AI Mode signals an ongoing shift towards AI-dominated search results. For now, we can assume that the importance of ranking well in traditional search remains the same.
Google: Gemini
Gemini is Google’s competitor to ChatGPT and other generative AI tools. Gemini functions as both an independent chatbot and the power behind AI Overviews in Google Search.
Over the coming months, Google plans to upgrade virtually all Assistant-enabled devices – from phones to smart home gadgets – to use Gemini as the default assistant.
This shift shows Google’s long-term commitment to AI as a core part of search and user interactions.
How Gemini works
Gemini pulls from Google search results and third-party content partners (for example, AP) to generate responses, integrating search rankings into its answers.
Gemini can also personalize results based on a user’s Google search history, YouTube activity, and app usage, making responses adaptive rather than purely search-driven.
Market share and adoption
According to Statista, Gemini ranks No. 3 on the most downloaded gen AI apps globally as of January 2025, with approximately 9 million downloads.
Similarweb data shows that the majority of users are aged 25 to 34 (approximately 30%), with the second highest usage among 18- to 24-year-olds at about 21%.
What this means for SEO
Ranking in Google Search is still crucial, but there’s more. Gemini pulls from Google’s search index, but it also sources data from content partnerships.
Consider content that’s optimized for natural language queries, structured data to help enhance context and education-focused content (where teaching something is front and center).
When Gemini personalizes responses based on user history, visibility in Gemini answers may vary between users. For example, if a user frequently engages with a particular brand’s YouTube channel, Gemini might be more inclined to mention or draw from that brand’s content when that user asks a related question.
Click-through rates from Gemini remain uncertain, as Gemini doesn’t always provide direct links. Gemini comes in third for referral traffic as compared to ChatGPT and Perplexity, according to one study.
Takeaway: Visibility in Gemini means business as usual in terms of having an excellent site that can rank in Google Search, but it also adds complexity with Gemini’s AI-driven personalization and conversational search trends.
Microsoft: Bing Copilot
Bing was the first major search engine to integrate AI directly into its results, launching Bing Copilot (formerly Bing Chat) in February 2023. It’s no surprise Bing beat Google here, as Microsoft has been a big investor in OpenAI since 2019.
How Bing Copilot works
Powered by Microsoft’s Prometheus model, which builds on OpenAI’s GPT-4.
Generates AI summaries based on real-time Bing search results and external data sources.
AI-generated responses appear at the top of search results, sometimes before traditional web listings.
You can also click on “Deep Search” for more in-depth AI-powered answers. These answers are also linked to sources found on the web.
In addition, there’s a Copilot toggle in Bing for a more interactive, fully powered AI search mode.
Market share and adoption
Bing accounts for about 7.48% of the U.S. search market.
While small compared to Google, it’s possible that Bing’s market share may grow more in the future due to its early adoption of AI-powered search and the reliance of other AI platforms on Bing results.
What this means for SEO
Unlike Google’s AI Overviews, Bing Copilot is more likely to cite sources outside the top-ranked pages, but ranking higher still increases the likelihood of inclusion.
A study by Rich Sanger found that over 70% of URLs included in Bing Copilot summaries rank in the top 20 Bing search results.
Bing may present a growing opportunity as AI search adoption increases.
Takeaway: Bing may no longer be just an afterthought in many companies’ SEO strategies. You’ll want to continue to have a robust SEO program that takes into account ranking signals for Bing.
OpenAI: ChatGPT Search
ChatGPT search is OpenAI’s initiative to enhance traditional search by integrating AI-powered real-time web search into ChatGPT.
It was initially launched as the SearchGPT prototype in mid-2024 and later integrated into ChatGPT, allowing users to access live search capabilities rather than relying solely on pre-trained knowledge.
By October, OpenAI fully integrated SearchGPT into ChatGPT, enabling it to perform real-time web searches and provide more current, sourced information for user queries.
This positioned ChatGPT search as a direct competitor to traditional search engines, offering users an AI-powered alternative to platforms like Google and Bing.
But here’s the kicker: It still relies on search engine results.
How ChatGPT search works
Powered by a fine-tuned version of GPT-4o, post-trained using synthetic data-generation techniques. This includes distilling outputs from OpenAI’s o1-preview model, meaning some responses are AI-synthesized rather than directly retrieved from the web.
SearchGPT pulls data from multiple sources, including third-party search providers like Bing and direct content partnerships that supply proprietary information.
Market share and adoption
ChatGPT is the most widely used text generation AI tool, holding nearly 20% of the global generative AI user share in 2023, according to Statista.
ChatGPT’s weekly active user base doubled in six months, with 400 million weekly active users now relying on its search capabilities, according to TechCrunch.
Image credit: “Leading generative artificial intelligence (AI) text tools market share of users globally in 2023,” Statista.com
What this means for SEO
Since SearchGPT relies on Bing’s indexing system, ensuring your content ranks in Bing is essential. Content not indexed by Bing is unlikely to appear in SearchGPT’s responses.
Chatter in the SEO industry suggests that SearchGPT might favor trusted, high-ranking sources in Bing but that it also relies on sources outside the top rankings in Bing.
SearchGPT’s responses can include clickable sources, potentially driving traffic back to a site. A study analyzing traffic data from 391 SMB websites found that ChatGPT’s referral traffic increased by 123% between September 2024 and February 2025, making it the largest referrer among AI-driven search engines during that period. Additionally, ChatGPT has been sending more traffic to education and technology sites, with more than 30,000 unique domains receiving referrals by November 2024.
The conversational nature of ChatGPT is changing how users search and consume information. Continuing to emphasize helpful content can only make a website more competitive.
In the early days of SEO, search engines were highly susceptible to simple manipulation tactics. Similarly, ChatGPT’s AI-powered search may be vulnerable to manipulation, with tests showing that it could be influenced to return misleading or biased results.
Takeaway: ChatGPT could be the biggest threat to search engine usage. However, SearchGPT’s reliance on Bing means SEO strategies must prioritize Bing to improve the chances of being surfaced in AI-generated results as well.
Perplexity AI
Perplexity AI is an independent, AI-powered search engine that blends large language models with real-time web data to provide concise AI-powered responses with direct citations.
The citations piece is probably one of the more compelling things about Perplexity.
In an interview with Lex Fridman, Perplexity’s founder Aravind Srinivas said:
“When I wrote my first paper, the senior people who were working with me on the paper told me this one profound thing, which is that every sentence you write in a paper should be backed with a citation, with a citation from another peer-reviewed paper, or an experimental result in your own paper. Anything else that you say in the paper is more like an opinion.
“It’s a simple statement, but pretty profound in how much it forces you to say things that are only right.
“We took this principle and asked ourselves, what is the best way to make chatbots accurate, is force it to only say things that it can find on the internet, and find from multiple sources.”
Launched in late 2022, it has positioned itself as an alternative and direct competitor to traditional search engines like Google.
How Perplexity works
Perplexity AI operates as an independent search engine, actively crawling and indexing the web to provide real-time, AI-generated responses to user queries.
Instead of building a massive index like Google’s, Perplexity prioritizes indexing high-quality, frequently searched topics based on user behavior. By focusing on trusted and helpful sources, it optimizes for accuracy and truthfulness while maintaining efficiency.
Each response includes direct source links, differentiating Perplexity from AI chatbots that provide answers without attribution.
Market share and adoption
Perplexity reportedly had 15 million monthly active users by early 2024.
While still small, Perplexity holds approximately 6% of the AI search market—and growing.
Backed by investors like Jeff Bezos and NVIDIA, Perplexity’s valuation jumped from $500 million to $9 billion in under a year.
What this means for SEO
Perplexity relies on trusted sources from the web. This means you must have an authoritative presence on the web.
One study showed that 60% of Perplexity citations overlap with the top 10 Google organic results.
Other research indicates that Perplexity has a group of favored, authoritative sources on the web to pull from.
Because Perplexity is an independent search engine, ranking factors will be different from Google or Bing.
Content formatted in a certain way may have a leg up, including clear headings, well-organized sections and succinct answers like FAQs embedded in your content—all of which can be quickly understood and extracted by Perplexity’s model.
While Perplexity links to sources, data suggests referral traffic is still quite low.
Takeaway: Perplexity AI is another contender that could continue to gain traction in AI search and take users away from major search engines. It’s important to remember that it still relies on sources across the web, making an authoritative site with the right content optimized for AI an important step in visibility.
The future of AI search and SEO
While some predict that the rise of AI will reduce search engine volume significantly (Gartner predicts a 25% drop by 2026), the importance of having a reputable website with trustworthy, optimized content remains critical for the foreseeable future.
Time will tell which AI wins the game. With many AI platforms facing legal challenges (like Google’s AI Overviews and Perplexity’s lawsuits), legal decisions will also likely shape the winners and how AI search ultimately operates.
So, which AI search engine should you optimize for right now?
I suggest gathering research on the potential for referral traffic and the audience demographics using the AI search engine. Does it align with your industry and business?
For those AI search engines that require “extra SEO effort” on top of what you’re already doing, make sure it’s worth it. Track your referral traffic to see if any patterns emerge.
We know that Google is the dominant search engine, so continuing to optimize for Google is key.
The situation is not perfect, however. While some websites report clicks are up from things like AI Overviews, others are losing big time.
For example, research shows that for queries where AI Overviews appeared in Google, organic CTR fell sharply from 1.41% to 0.64% year over year.
On the other hand, a different study looking specifically at AI search engines like ChatGPT, Perplexity, and others found that they send 96% less referral traffic to news sites and blogs than traditional Google Search.
Emarketer data echoes this:
Some data already suggest a basic hierarchy of referral traffic coming from certain AI search engines.
For example, one study found ChatGTP to be a clear winner in referral traffic overall, but things fluctuate based on industry.
As we continue to see all this play out, we can relax knowing that the fundamentals of SEO are not going away.
Yes, the approach may change, but the foundation is the same: Put the user first, make a great website that’s optimized for the platforms your target audience uses, and continue to adapt to the different ways you can remain visible in search...
https://searchengineland.com/answer-engine-optimization-ai-models-453509
https://searchengineland.com/answer-engine-optimization-ai-models-453509
"...The megacity of Chongqing, home to 32 million residents, has implemented dedicated walking lanes specifically for people who can’t tear their eyes away from their mobile devices. This innovative urban adaptation acknowledges a growing phenomenon that affects cities globally.
Smartphone zombie lanes: a response to modern pedestrian behavior
The sight has become commonplace in urban centers worldwide: pedestrians walking with their attention fully absorbed by smartphone screens. These distracted walkers, dubbed “smombies” (a blend of “smartphone” and “zombie”), navigate public spaces with little awareness of their surroundings. The term originated in 2015 and was even named word of the year by a German dictionary as the behavior became increasingly prevalent.
Chongqing’s response represents perhaps the most direct acknowledgment of this cultural shift. The city has designated specific walking lanes marked for people using their phones while walking. These smartphone lanes exist alongside traditional sidewalks, bike paths, and roadways, creating a segregated space that aims to reduce collisions and improve safety...
The safety implications of distracted walking
The safety concerns driving these adaptations are substantial. In South Korea, an alarming 61% of pedestrian-related road accidents involve people distracted by smartphones. This statistic underscores why cities are beginning to take this issue seriously. Distracted walking habits significantly impact mental clarity and physical safety, creating hazardous situations for both the walker and others sharing the space...
Walking while fixated on screens increases collision risks with other pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles. Beyond immediate safety concerns, this disconnection from physical surroundings fundamentally alters how people experience urban environments. The constant digital distraction creates what sociologists describe as “present absence” – physically present in spaces while mentally elsewhere...
Some critics argue that accommodating smartphone zombies normalizes dangerous habits. They suggest resources would be better directed toward campaigns encouraging people to be more present and aware in public spaces. Others contend that pragmatic adaptations reflect realism about human behavior in the digital age.
Beyond dedicated lanes, future adaptations might include embedded sidewalk lighting systems, AI-powered warning systems for approaching hazards, or even automated braking systems for electric scooters and bikes when distracted pedestrians are detected. These technologies would create a more responsive urban environment capable of compensating for divided human attention..."
By Tricia Richards
https://thinkstewartville.com/2025/03/26/a-city-installs-lanes-reserved-for-pedestrians-who-walk-without-taking-their-eyes-off-their-smartphones/
#metaglossia_mundus
Other foreign language additions include alamak, a cry of outrage in Singapore and Malaysia, and tapau, a Chinese word for takeaway
Thu 27 Mar 2025 17.42 GMT
Have you ever held a puppy that was so unbelievably fluffy and adorable you didn’t know how to convey the strong urge to squeeze its head without sounding like a maniac? Well, now there’s a word for it: gigil. Gigil (pronounced ghee-gill) is one of the new words that have made it into the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). Gigil, extracted from the Philippines’ Tagalog language, refers to what psychologists describe as cute aggression: “[a] feeling so intense that it gives us the irresistible urge to tightly clench our hands, grit our teeth, and pinch or squeeze whomever or whatever it is we find so adorable”. It can be deployed as a noun denoting the feeling or as an adjective for experiencing the feeling, such as: “That puppy is making me gigil.” With 600,000 words, the OED is one of the most comprehensive dictionaries in the English-speaking world. Its editors consider thousands of suggestions for new words every year that come from far and wide and from a variety of sources, including the OED’s own research and crowdsourcing appeals. Alamak, a colloquial cry used to express surprise or outrage in Singapore and Malaysia, also made the list. In its latest update, the OED said: “Wouldn’t it be useful for English speakers to have a specific word for sunlight dappling through leaves … Or a word for the action of sitting outside enjoying a beer?” The Norwegians have a word, utepils, for having a beer (pils) outside (ute). And the Japanese word “komorebi” (木漏れ日) describes sunlight dappling through leaves. People who speak English alongside other languages fill lexical gaps by “borrowing the untranslatable word from another language”. When they do this often enough, the borrowed word “becomes part of their vocabulary”, OED said. Most of the words added to the OED from Singapore and Malaysia are names of dishes, including kaya toast – jam made from coconut milk, eggs, sugar and pandan leaves spread on toasted bread; fish head curry – a Chinese and South Indian dish; and steamboat – a thinly sliced meat and vegetable broth. “All this talk of food might inspire one to get a takeaway, or to tapau,” OED said. Tapau is another new word originating from Chinese languages, meaning “to package, or wrap up, food to take away”. Other newly added Philippine words include videoke, the nation’s version of karaoke, which includes scoring, and salakot, a farmer’s hat. Words and phrases from South Africa and Ireland were also part of the update. #metaglossia_mundus
Word additions that don't have direct English equivalents
"The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) has added the word gigil to its lexicon.
The Tagalog word from the Philippines, pronounced ghee-gill, describes an overwhelming feeling that makes us clench our hands, grit our teeth, and pinch or squeeze something or someone we find adorable.
The addition is part of OED's effort to add words that don't have a direct English equivalent.
Language evolution
OED embraces untranslatable words
OED has also added alamak, an expression of surprise or outrage used in Singapore and Malaysia.
The addition is part of the dictionary's latest update, which aims to provide English speakers with specific words for unique experiences.
The OED stated, "Wouldn't it be useful for English speakers to have a specific word for sunlight dappling through leaves... Or a word for the action of sitting outside enjoying a beer?"
Culinary additions
New words reflect food culture
The latest update from OED also features new words from Singapore and Malaysia that embody the countries' culinary culture.
These include kaya toast, fish head curry, and steamboat.
The dictionary humorously noted that "All this talk of food might inspire one to get a takeaway, or to tapau, referring to another newly added term which means "to package, or wrap up food to take away."
Cultural representation
Philippine terms highlight local culture
The latest update from OED also features new words from the Philippines, including videoke and salakot.
Videoke is the national pastime of karaoke with a scoring system, while salakot is a wide-brimmed hat commonly worn by farmers.
Other Philippine additions include unique usages of existing English words such as "terror," which is sometimes used to refer to a strict or demanding teacher.
Comprehensive dictionary
OED's expanding lexicon
The OED, one of the most comprehensive dictionaries in the English-speaking world, contains over 600,000 words.
Each year, its editors review thousands of new word suggestions from various sources, including their own reading, crowdsourcing appeals, and language database analysis.
The latest update also included words and phrases from South Africa and Ireland."
By
Simran Jeet - Mar 27, 2025
https://www.newsbytesapp.com/news/lifestyle/gigil-the-new-word-in-the-dictionary-for-overwhelming-cuteness/story
#metaglossia_mundus
Need a faster way to handle PDFs? Learn how UPDF AI brings advanced Chat PDF features, allowing you to summarize, translate, and interact with your documents in seconds.
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Among these tools, UPDF AI stands out as the best Chat PDF solution available. This is because UPDF AI is nearly half the price of its competitors while offering even more powerful features...
It also comes with an online version that works independently with AI features. These may include Chat with PDF, summarization, translation, etc., without requiring any software installation.
Those looking for a comprehensive PDF editing experience can go for the version built for Windows, Mac, Android, and iOS. In this way, users can get seamless PDF editing and AI-powered assistance in one place.
Unlike other AI PDF tools, it delivers precise results without errors, making it a trusted choice for professionals and students. Its GPT-4.0 and Full DeepSeek R1 integration ensures highly accurate responses when summarizing or analyzing documents..."
https://autogpt.net/updf-ai/
#metaglossia_mundus
Haptic hardware offers waterfall of immersive experience, could someday aid blind users
by Melissa Brachfeld , University of Maryland
Increasingly sophisticated computer graphics and spatial 3D sound are combining to make the virtual world of games bigger, badder and more beautiful than ever. And beyond sight and sound, haptic technology can create a sense of touch—including vibrations in your gaming chair from an explosion, or difficulty turning the wheel as you steer your F1 racecar through a turn because of g-forces
While all this typically relies on force feedback using mechanical devices, University of Maryland researchers are now offering a new take that delivers lifelike haptic experiences with controlled water jets. But don't worry—you and your surroundings will stay dry.
The team presented a paper and demoed its new waterjet-based technology known as JetUnit at the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST 2024) last month in Pittsburgh.
In addition to its use in gaming, the system might one day aid blind users by providing force feedback cues for spatial navigation and other interactions, thus enhancing accessibility, said project leader Zining Zhang, a computer science doctoral student in the Small Artifacts (SMART) Lab.
The UMD device offers a wide range of haptic experiences, from subtle sensations that mimic a gentle touch to sharp pokes that feel like a needle injection.
User testing has demonstrated that JetUnit is successful at creating diverse haptic experiences within a virtual reality setting, with participants reporting a heightened sense of realism and engagement. Compared to other available haptic technologies, the system can create an unusually broad range of forces based on changes in water pressure.
The key is a thin, watertight membrane made of nitrile—the same synthetic rubber used for sterile gloves—attached to a compact, self-contained chamber that effectively isolates the water from the user. And to reduce water turbulence within the membrane, the team 3D-printed several internal devices to allow strong forces without any leakage.
Zhang said the UMD team decided to try using contained water jets due to water's efficiency in energy transfer as an incompressible fluid. It also presented the challenge, though, of keeping users dry—a significant focus of work as the team developed the system, she said.
Zhang said she received significant feedback as the project progressed from her adviser, Huaishu Peng, an assistant professor of computer science who is director of the SMART Lab.
Other help on the project came from Jun Nishida, an assistant professor of computer science whose research involves wearable technologies for cognitive enhancement.
Both Peng and Nishida have appointments in the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, which Zhang credits with providing a "rich, collaborative environment" for the team to do their work.
The Singh Sandbox makerspace and its manager, Gordon Crago, also assisted, providing an array of tools and lighting hardware as the team was developing the JetUnit prototype.
Looking ahead, Zhang envisions integrating thermal feedback via multi-level water temperature control and expanding JetUnit to become a full-body haptic system, paving the way for even more "sensational" uses.
More information: Zining Zhang et al, JetUnit: Rendering Diverse Force Feedback in Virtual Reality Using Water Jets, Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (2024). DOI: 10.1145/3654777.3676440
Provided by University of Maryland
https://techxplore.com/news/2024-11-haptic-hardware-waterfall-immersive-aid.html
#metaglossia_mundus
"...Our daily conversations are full of ambiguity. Yet, communication usually flows smoothly because listeners can identify key cues from countless possibilities and interpret the speaker's intent. These cues often include attention-grabbing events or things that just happened.
To study how these interpretation skills develop, researchers at Kyushu University conducted psychological experiments with Japanese children (ages 7–10) and adults.
Participants were shown a series of animations featuring nine monsters that appeared one by one from left to right. While eight of the monsters performed the same action—such as playing the guitar—one monster did something different, like eating. After the last monster appeared, participants heard the Japanese phrase "Ima-no mita?" (meaning "Did you see that?") and were asked to freely select which event they thought "that" referred to.
Researchers at Kyushu University designed animations to examine how children and adults use recency and rarity to interpret ambiguous information. In the animations, nine monsters appeared one by one from left to right, with one behaving differently. At the end, participants heard "Did you see that?" and were asked to choose the event(s) they thought it meant. (Kyushu University)
The results show that most children and adults select either the last monster or the one that performed differently. This suggests that recency and rarity serve as common cues for resolving ambiguity across age groups. However, children are significantly more likely to select the last monster than adults, taking "that" to mean simply what just happened.
Children and adults also process rarity and recency differently. As the uniquely behaving monster appears later in the sequence, adults gradually increase their likelihood of selecting it. In contrast, children only show a clear preference for the rare event when it was the very last one. For children, rarity is considered separately from recency, whereas for adults, these two factors interact and are integrated.
"Adults perceive temporal distance as a flexible, continuous variable rather than a fixed point in time. They also use multiple cues to figure out the speaker's intent," explains Kishimoto. "We believe such interpretation strategies require more cognitive resources."..
"Understanding ambiguous references often requires going beyond the literal meaning to grasp context, which can be challenging for some children with autistic traits," Kishimoto adds. "By uncovering these interpretation mechanisms, we can improve clinical interventions, help children develop communication skills, and form stronger social connections."
Looking ahead, the team plans to explore how interpretation patterns vary across cultures and languages, and how other sensory cues, like sound, can influence the interpretation of ambiguous information..."
https://phys.org/news/2025-03-language-ambiguity-children-adults-contextual.html
#metaglossia_mundus
".With nothing guaranteed about the future, a resilient and thoughtful strategy matters. Four newish books from MIT Sloan faculty members introduce frameworks and models that can aid founders, innovators, and leaders as they navigate the uncertainty ahead.
Disciplined Entrepreneurship: 24 Steps to a Successful Startup, Expanded & Updated
Professor of the practice Bill Aulet
Disciplined Entrepreneurship: Startup Tactics
Senior lecturer Paul Cheek
Eleven years ago, entrepreneur and MIT Sloan educator Bill Aulet introduced the concept of disciplined entrepreneurship in his book of the same name. Aulet assured readers that not only could entrepreneurship be taught, but his 24-step framework could help them learn it.
“Some people tell me that entrepreneurship should not be disciplined, but chaotic and unpredictable — and it is,” Aulet wrote. “But it is just in such situations where a framework to attack the problem in a systematic manner will be the most valuable.”
Last year, Aulet released an expanded and updated version of the book. Accompanying it was Paul Cheek’s “Disciplined Entrepreneurship Startup Tactics,” which addresses questions like how and when to hire technical talent. Aulet is the managing director of the Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship. Cheek is the center’s executive director.
Entrepreneurship Development Program
In person at MIT Sloan
Accelerating Innovation: Competitive Advantage Through Ecosystem Engagement
Senior lecturer Phil Budden and associate dean for Innovation Fiona Murray
“Accelerating Innovation,” which will be released by MIT Press on April 29, guides leaders through engagement with innovation ecosystems so they can better derive value from both external actors and internal resources. Phil Budden and Fiona Murray discuss five stakeholder types in these ecosystems that they identified in their research: research institutions, entrepreneurs, corporations, investors, and governments.
While Silicon Valley and Greater Boston garner a lot of attention as innovation hubs in the U.S., innovation ecosystems can develop anywhere, Budden and Murray show, as they examine sectors like quantum computing in Copenhagen, mining in Perth, and fintech in Cairo and Dubai, among many other examples. The frameworks and models they describe are applicable around the world, in organizations and ecosystems of every type and size.
Entrepreneurship: Choice and Strategy
Senior lecturer Erin Scott and professor Scott Stern, with University of Toronto professor Joshua Gans
Building on more than two decades of academic research with thousands of companies and MIT students, Erin Scott, Scott Stern, and Joshua Gans have developed a systematic approach for startup leadership that is now laid out in this new textbook.
The underlying theme of their work: A good idea may have multiple paths to value, but pursuing too many paths at the same time often does more harm than good.
After navigating the four domains of entrepreneurial choice — customers, technology, organization, and competition — entrepreneurs are ready to explore the authors’ Entrepreneurial Strategy Compass. This framework describes four strategic routes to commercialization categorized along two dimensions: orientation toward incumbents (collaborate versus compete) and focus of investment (execution versus control)."
https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/entrepreneurship-and-innovation-strategy-books-mit
#metaglossia_mundus
The BBC's 1995 'Pride and Prejudice' may be the one to beat, but there's a screen version to please every one of the author's admirers
Moira Redmond - March 24, 2025: "...I've seen every Jane Austen adaptation...
The BBC's 1995 'Pride and Prejudice' may be the one to beat, but there's a screen version to please every one of the author's admirers
When Mr Knightley proposes to Emma, in the book of that title, Jane Austen reports back: “What did she say? Just what she ought, of course. A lady always does.” That’s all nice and fine, but it’s not going to cut it in a modern-day screen version. “A word, a look, is enough,” we hear in Persuasion – but we need a lot of words in a Jane Austen film, along with white dresses, officers, and a nice big party.
I have checked out an astonishing two dozen Austen adaptations, and have reached some conclusions: the writers have all seen the previous versions (some rogue plot additions get carried forward…), they can be ruthless in missing out a sister or a subplot, and there are some of the same actors moving through the oeuvre – Edmund Bertram is suddenly Mr Elton; Charlotte Lucas becomes Elinor Dashwood.
Lastly, Andrew Davies will feature a lot, because he truly changed the nature of classic adaptations with his gold standard 1995 Pride and Prejudice. There is a “before”: the dead hand of the BBC classic serial, resembling a filmed theatre production. And an ”after”, where Davies (and everyone else from then on) actually tries to get us into the heads of those heroines, to give us the women to hold onto.
Andrew Davies’s 1995 ‘Pride and Prejudice’ is the gold standard ...
None of the adaptations is unwatchable, not even the 1970’s Persuasion that looks like the cast of Howards’ Way in Regency clothes, shot in a Berni Inn. But which ones will make you “dance in your chair” like Catherine Morland?
Is it a problem if these adaptations veer from the source material? I’d argue no. If you want authenticity, read the books. Adaptations reflect the era they were made in, rather than the publication dates of the source material. Recent films point up how ridiculous and outrageous were the lives of those surrounded by servants – not something that bothered Jane – and there’s a strange hint of The Handmaids’ Tale in the most recent Emma. Perhaps soon we will have a young Mrs Bennet who is sensible, and Mr Bennet and Mr Woodhouse shown as selfish fools in their different ways.
But: everyone can find their own Jane Austen screen version, the one that matches their ideas, about the books and about life. She is always there for us, in print and on screen..."
Read more 👇🏿👇🏿👇🏿
https://inews.co.uk/culture/television/jane-austen-adaptations-nine-best-3595860
#metaglossia_mundus
Disruptions to cognitive control, as well as to emotional processes, are implicated in a wide range of psychiatric disorders.
"...In general, evidence suggests that too much or too little emotion, regardless of valence, might be less optimal for cognitive control than a moderate level of emotion (a Goldilocks effect). When emotional arousal is excessively high, whether positive or negative, cognitive control processing is typically impaired. This has been observed across a range of psychiatric disorders. For example, patients with bipolar disorder who are experiencing mania, a state of heightened positive emotion, have been found to display impaired cognitive control performance, including conflict processing, working memory, and goal management tasks.9 Similarly, individuals with higher trait anxiety, who typically experience heightened negative emotion, have shown impairments in inhibitory control, task switching, and conflict resolution.10
On the opposite end of the emotional intensity spectrum, a relative lack of emotion, or apathy, may also be detrimental to cognitive control performance, particularly in the context of psychopathology. For example, in older adults with depression, increased apathy has been linked to worse performance on a battery of cognitive control tasks.11 Interestingly, a recent study conducted by Westbrook et al demonstrated that individuals with depression exhibited lower levels of cognitive effort relative to those without depression, but these effort reductions were mitigated by a sad mood induction.12 Given that cognitive effort is thought to be essential for successful cognitive control,12 these results suggest that the induction of emotion, even if negative, can benefit cognitive control in individuals experiencing apathy. This may be particularly true if the emotional experience is validating and/or controllable, as might be the case for sad emotions induced through controllable means, such as music or films, in depression.13 Thus, negative emotions may not always be detrimental to cognitive performance. When examining interactions between emotion and cognitive control, it is important to consider emotion goals—how individuals want to feel—as these goals may influence both how they choose to regulate their emotions as well as the potential impact of emotions on cognitive control outcomes.14 Emotion goals might thus be a crucial element to the bidirectional relationship between emotion and cognitive control, with implications for daily functioning..."
By Rachel E. Brough, MA
Alyssa J. Asmar, MA
Mar 25, 2025
Read more 👇🏿👇🏿
https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/emotion-and-cognitive-control-an-essential-partnership-for-adaptive-behavior
#metaglossia_mundus
OpenAI is bringing new transcription and voice-generating AI models to its API that the company claims improve upon its previous releases.
For OpenAI, the models fit into its broader “agentic” vision: building automated systems that can independently accomplish tasks on behalf of users. The definition of “agent” might be in dispute, but OpenAI Head of Product Olivier Godement described one interpretation as a chatbot that can speak with a business’s customers.
“We’re going to see more and more agents pop up in the coming months” Godement told TechCrunch during a briefing. “And so the general theme is helping customers and developers leverage agents that are useful, available, and accurate.”
OpenAI claims that its new text-to-speech model, “gpt-4o-mini-tts,” not only delivers more nuanced and realistic-sounding speech but is also more “steerable” than its previous-gen speech-synthesizing models. Developers can instruct gpt-4o-mini-tts on how to say things in natural language — for example, “speak like a mad scientist” or “use a serene voice, like a mindfulness teacher.”
Here’s a “true crime-style,” weathered voice:
And here’s a sample of a female “professional” voice:
Jeff Harris, a member of the product staff at OpenAI, told TechCrunch that the goal is to let developers tailor both the voice “experience” and “context.”
“In different contexts, you don’t just want a flat, monotonous voice,” Harris said. “If you’re in a customer support experience and you want the voice to be apologetic because it’s made a mistake, you can actually have the voice have that emotion in it … Our big belief, here, is that developers and users want to really control not just what is spoken, but how things are spoken.”
As for OpenAI’s new speech-to-text models, “gpt-4o-transcribe” and “gpt-4o-mini-transcribe,” they effectively replace the company’s long-in-the-tooth Whisper transcription model. Trained on “diverse, high-quality audio datasets,” the new models can better capture accented and varied speech, OpenAI claims, even in chaotic environments.
They’re also less likely to hallucinate, Harris added. Whisper notoriously tended to fabricate words — and even whole passages — in conversations, introducing everything from racial commentary to imagined medical treatments into transcripts.
“[T]hese models are much improved versus Whisper on that front,” Harris said. “Making sure the models are accurate is completely essential to getting a reliable voice experience, and accurate [in this context] means that the models are hearing the words precisely [and] aren’t filling in details that they didn’t hear.”
Your mileage may vary depending on the language being transcribed, however.
According to OpenAI’s internal benchmarks, gpt-4o-transcribe, the more accurate of the two transcription models, has a “word error rate” approaching 30% (out of 120%) for Indic and Dravidian languages such as Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada. That means three out of every 10 words from the model will differ from a human transcription in those languages.
The results from OpenAI transcription benchmarking.Image Credits:OpenAI
In a break from tradition, OpenAI doesn’t plan to make its new transcription models openly available. The company historically released new versions of Whisper for commercial use under an MIT license.
Harris said that gpt-4o-transcribe and gpt-4o-mini-transcribe are “much bigger than Whisper” and thus not good candidates for an open release.
“[T]hey’re not the kind of model that you can just run locally on your laptop, like Whisper,” he continued. “[W]e want to make sure that if we’re releasing things in open source, we’re doing it thoughtfully, and we have a model that’s really honed for that specific need. And we think that end-user devices are one of the most interesting cases for open-source models.”
For two years, one international organization under the umbrella of the UN has been leading a relentless campaign in the corridors of global digital diplomacy. Its mission? To bring linguistic diversity to English-dominated artificial intelligence.
"By Fabrice Robinet
23 March 2025 Culture and Education
For two years, one international organization under the umbrella of the UN has been leading a relentless campaign in the corridors of global digital diplomacy. Its mission? To bring linguistic diversity to English-dominated artificial intelligence.
With his signature geeky glasses and TED-Talk-style headset, Sundar Pichai looked straight out of a Silicon Valley incubator.
That Monday, February 10, Google’s chief executive took the stage at the Artificial Intelligence Action Summit in Paris. From the Grand Palais podium, he heralded a new golden age of innovation.
"Using AI techniques, we added over 110 new languages to Google Translate last year, spoken by half a billion people around the world," said the tech mogul, his eyes fixed on his notes. "That brings our total to 249 languages, including 60 African languages – more to come...
"By Fabrice Robinet
23 March 2025 Culture and Education
For two years, one international organization under the umbrella of the UN has been leading a relentless campaign in the corridors of global digital diplomacy. Its mission? To bring linguistic diversity to English-dominated artificial intelligence.
With his signature geeky glasses and TED-Talk-style headset, Sundar Pichai looked straight out of a Silicon Valley incubator.
That Monday, February 10, Google’s chief executive took the stage at the Artificial Intelligence Action Summit in Paris. From the Grand Palais podium, he heralded a new golden age of innovation.
"Using AI techniques, we added over 110 new languages to Google Translate last year, spoken by half a billion people around the world," said the tech mogul, his eyes fixed on his notes. "That brings our total to 249 languages, including 60 African languages – more to come."
Delivered in a monotone, his statement barely registered among the summit’s attendees – an assembly of world leaders, researchers, NGOs, and tech executives.
© Permanent Mission of Canada
But for advocates of linguistic diversity in artificial intelligence, Mr. Pichai’s words marked a quiet victory – one achieved after two years of intense, behind-the-scenes negotiations in the arcane world of digital diplomacy.
"It shows the message is getting through and tech companies are listening," said Joseph Nkalwo Ngoula, digital policy advisor at the UN mission of the International Organisation of La Francophonie, in New York.
Linguistic divide
Mr. Pichai’s speech was a far cry from the linguistic missteps of early generative AI – a branch of artificial intelligence capable of creating original content, from text to images, music and animation.
When OpenAI launched ChatGPT in 2022, non-English speakers quickly discovered its limitations.
A query in English would generate a detailed, informative response. The same prompt in French? Two paragraphs, followed by a sheepish apology: "Sorry, I haven’t been trained on that," or, "my model isn't updated beyond this date."
Such a gap lies in the intricate mechanics of AI tools, which rely on so-called large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, Meta’s LlaMA, or Google’s Gemini to digest vast troves of internet data that help them understand and generate text.
But the internet itself is overwhelmingly Anglophone. While only 20 per cent of the world’s population speaks English at home, nearly half of the training data for major AI models is in English.
Even today, ChatGPT’s responses in French, Portuguese, or Spanish have improved but remain less illuminating than their English counterparts.
"The volume of available information in English is much greater, but it’s also more up to date," said Mr. Nkalwo Ngoula. By default, AI models are conceived, trained, and deployed in English, leaving other languages struggling to catch up.
The divide isn’t just quantitative. AI, when deprived of robust training in any given language, starts to "hallucinate" – generating incorrect or absurd answers with unsettling authority – much like an overconfident friend bluffing his way through trivia night.
A classic AI hallucination consists of responding to a request for biographical details about a famous person by inventing a Nobel Prize or coming up with an odd parallel career, as in this example generated by ChatGPT, at the behest of UN News:
UN News: ‘Who is Victor Hugo?’
Hallucinating AI: "Victor Hugo, the 19th-century French writer, was also a passionate astronaut who contributed to the early design of the International Space Station." 🚀😆
Black box
"It’s a black box absorbing data," Mr. Nkalwo Ngoula explained. "The results might be formally coherent and logically structured, but factually, they can be wildly inaccurate."
Beyond factual errors, AI tends to flatten linguistic richness. Chatbots struggle with regional accents and language variations, such as Quebecois French or Creole languages spoken in Haiti and the French Caribbean.
AI-generated French often feels sanitized, stripped of its stylistic nuances.
"Molière, Léopold Sédar Senghor, Aimé Césaire, Mongo Beti - they’d all be turning in their graves if they saw how A.I. writes French today," joked Mr. Nkalwo Ngoula.
The issue runs deeper in multilingual countries, as in the diplomat’s native Cameroon, where youth commonly speak Camfranglais – a hybrid of French, English, Pidgin, and local languages.
"I doubt young people could ask an AI something in Camfranglais and get a meaningful response," he said. Expressions like "Je yamo ce pays" (I love this country) or "Réponds-moi sharp-sharp" (Answer me quickly) would likely leave A.I. models bewildered.
Mr. Nkalwo Ngoula’s organization, La Francophonie – which brings together 93 states and governments around the use of French, representing more than 320 million people worldwide – has made this linguistic gap a centerpiece of its digital strategy.
The group’s efforts culminated in last year’s UN Global Digital Compact, a framework for AI governance adopted by the Member States. From 2023 onward, La Francophonie leveraged its diplomatic network – including the influential Francophone Ambassadors’ Group at the UN – to ensure linguistic diversity became a core principle in AI policymaking.
Along the way, unexpected allies emerged. Lusophone and Hispanic advocacy groups joined the fight, and even Washington sided with their cause. "The US defended language inclusion in AI development," Mr. Nkalwo Ngoula noted.
Their push paid off. The final Global Digital Compact explicitly recognizes cultural and linguistic diversity – an issue that had initially been buried under broader discussions on accessibility. “Our goal was to bring it to the forefront," he said.
The movement even reached Silicon Valley. At the UN Summit for the Future in September 2024, where the Compact was officially adopted, Sundar Pichai, Google’s CEO, surprised many by emphasizing the need for A.I. to provide access to global knowledge in multiple languages.
"We’re working toward 1,000 of the world’s most spoken languages," he pledged – a commitment he reaffirmed in Paris months later.
Limits of the Global Digital Compact
Despite these gains, challenges remain. Chief among them is visibility. "Francophone content is often buried by platform algorithms," Mr Nkalwo Ngoula warns.
Streaming giants like Netflix, YouTube, and Spotify prioritize popularity, meaning English-language content dominates search results.
"If linguistic diversity were truly considered, a French-speaking user should see French-language films at the top of their recommendations," he argued.
The overwhelming dominance of English in AI training data is another hurdle sidestepped by the Compact, which also omits any reference to UNESCO’s Convention on Cultural Diversity – an oversight that, according to Mr. Nkalwo Ngoula, should be rectified.
"Linguistic diversity must be the backbone of digital advocacy for La Francophonie," Nkalwo Ngoula insisted.
Given the pace of AI development, those changes need to happen – sharp-sharp."
https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/03/1161406
Invitations to apply for the Federal Skilled Worker Program, Canadian Experience Class, and Federal Skilled Trades Program are sent during the Express Entry system round of invites.
"...On March 21, Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) sent invitations to apply for permanent residence to 7,500 foreigners under the French language proficiency category Express Entry draw number 341.
The Date and time of the round were March 21, 2025, at 14:41:58 UTC, and the Tie-breaking rule was March 06, 2025, at 02:53:27 UTC. The CRS score of the lowest-ranked candidate invited was 379. If more than one candidate has the lowest score, the cut-off is based on the date and time they submitted their Express Entry profiles.
The previous French language proficiency (Version 1) test was conducted on March 6, 2025, when 4,500 foreigners were invited to apply, and the CRS score of the lowest-ranked candidate was set at 410.
The Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) is a points-based system that we use to assess and score your profile and rank it in the Express Entry pool. It’s used to assess your skills, education, language ability, work experience other factors. To get an invitation to apply, your CRS score must be above the minimum points score of your round of invitations. These cut-off scores may vary each round.
You must establish your English or French language skills by passing an authorized language test, earning the minimal scores needed for your program, and entering the results in your Express Entry profile to be eligible for Express Entry. Your proficiency levels are evaluated by IRCC using the Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadien (NCLC) for French and the Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB) for English.
The Canadian government hosts selection events for candidates every two weeks using the Express Entry system. Invitations to apply to the Federal Skilled Worker Program, Canadian Experience Class and Federal Skilled Trades Program may be issued through the Express Entry (EE) system round of invitations.
The Provincial Nominee Program’s most recent selection process was held on March 3, 2025, where 725 invitations to apply were sent with the CRS score of the lowest-ranked candidate set at 667. People from foreign countries who want to move to Canada can apply for Canadian Permanent Resident status through the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP), which enables them to live, work, and reside in a particular province or territory..."
https://www.financialexpress.com/business/investing-abroad-canada-announces-express-entry-draw-results-for-french-language-proficiency-inviting-foreigners-to-apply-for-permanent-residency-3784553/
#metaglossia_mundus
"Translation and Communications Intern
Beijing, China
JOB INFO
Job Identification
25217
Posting Date
24/03/2025, 10:22
Apply Before
30/03/2025, 16:59
Job Schedule
Full time
Locations
Beijing, China
Agency
UNDP
Grade
IN
Vacancy Type
Internship Programme
Practice Area
Innovation
Contract Duration
6 months
Education & Work Experience
Bachelor's Degree
Required Languages
English & Chinese
Vacancy Timeline
1 Week
JOB DESCRIPTION
Background
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) China is the China country office of United Nations Development Programme – the global development network of the United Nations. UNDP China has an extensive history in working in the area of poverty reduction and human development and it also increasingly engages in South-South cooperation projects.
The Communications, Innovation and Partnerships team of UNDP China promotes greater understanding and visibility of UNDP’s work by utilizing various communications tools. Fully engaging with the media, social media and leveraging on a strong network of Public-Private Partnerships, the team leads the design, management, and implementation of UNDP’s overall communications strategy, including design and roll out high-impact, multimedia campaigns; programme-oriented communications products; media relations and key events; localization of global content for Chinese audiences; and publications on critical development issues. On the innovation front, the team is facilitating and prototyping innovative solutions and experiment with new ways of working to tackle complex development challenges outside the traditional development cycle.
Description of Responsibilities
The intern, under the guidance and supervision of Communication and Innovation Officer of Communications, Innovation and Partnerships team of UNDP China, will carry out the following duties and responsibilities: Translation and Interpreting (both E to C and C to E)
Translates various communications materials, including the translation of Op-ed, press release, speech, and other media/social media related articles;
Translates various project related documents such as ProDoc, annual work plan, concept note, event programme, etc.;
Translates reports and other internal and external publications;
Provides interpreting/translation service to high-level visits and events as requested by the office;
Communications (both in English and Chinese)
Monitors media exposure, drafts media summaries and conduct basic analysis;
Drafts content and makes layout for social media (Weibo, WeChat and/or other platforms) articles and posts;
Assists in the preparation of communications and public-private partnerships outreach materials (i.e. PowerPoint presentations, brochures, etc.);
Assists in conducting research, compiling background materials, statistical data and briefing notes for advocacy/outreach activities and media events;
Assists in on-site event support (i.e. press conference, video shooting, etc.).
Other Ad Hoc Task Forces Requested by the Supervisor
Competencies:
Demonstrates commitment to UN’s mission, vision and values.
Relevant experience in translation, media event or social media campaign.
Demonstrates leadership in university or social activities (MUN, etc.)
Strong oral and written communication ability in both English and Chinese
Full proficiency in Microsoft Office software and other online collaborative tools.
Proactive, organized and self-motivated.
Be honest, confident, responsible, detail-oriented, patient and skillful in communicating with others.
Be curious, willing to learn new things as well as share new views with the team
Qualifications
Education and Experience
Major in English (translation), international relations, communications, journalism, or other relevant fields. Having overseas study experience will be an asset
Candidates must meet one of the following educational requirements:
Enrolled in a Master's or in a PhD programme
In the final year of a Bachelor’s programme;
Or within one year after graduation from a Bachelor’s, Master’s or PhD programme,
Or be enrolled in a postgraduate professional traineeship program and undertake the internship as part of this program
Language and Skills
Good oral and written communication ability in both English and Chinese
Having extra skills that can be applied to online/offline communications (i.e. graphic design, photo editing, WeChat layout, etc.) will be an asset.
REQUIRED DOCUMENTS
Please submit your application with below documents in one PDF. For people who apply from UNDP Jobs, please note that the system will not accept the uploading of more than one document so please merge or scan all your documents into one prior to uploading.
a) CV and letter of motivation
b) Copy of school transcript
c) Indicate if you will be financially supported by any institution or programme, such as a university, government, foundation or scholarship programme, and the financial amount.
*Candidate who didn’t submit required documentation will not be further considered.
INTERNSHIP CONDITIONS
Interns must provide proof of enrolment in health insurance plan and medical certificate of good health prior to starting the internship. Any cost arising from accidents and illness incurred during an internship assignment will be the responsibility of the intern.
The stipend will be paid monthly. Interns will have 1.5 days of leave per month.
Interns are responsible for obtaining necessary visas and arranging travel to and from the duty station where the internship will be performed; Cost and arrangement for travel, visas, passports, accommodations and living expenses are the responsibility of the nominating institution, related institution or government, which may provide the required financial assistance to its students; or the intern.
Interns must not apply for or be appointed to a position that should be encumbered by a staff number during the period of their internship. Interns are expected to fulfil the terms of their internships. Therefore, the internship must not be foreshortened for the purposes of allowing an intern to apply for a position.
Interns are not staff members and may not represent UNDP in any official capacity."
https://estm.fa.em2.oraclecloud.com/hcmUI/CandidateExperience/en/sites/CX_1/job/25217
In the 21st century, are students merely memorizing facts or truly thinking? HOTS help them transform knowledge into meaningful insights
"Navigating a fast-changing world presents a challenge, making it essential for students to develop critical thinking skills. As a key 21st-century competency, critical thinking plays a vital role in shaping high-quality human capital, with Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) serving as a fundamental component (Misrom et al., 2020). By fostering skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and creativity, HOTS equip students with the adaptability and analytical abilities necessary to address real-world challenges and make informed decisions (Brookhart, 2010; King, 2011).
A fundamental framework for understanding cognitive processes in learning is Bloom's Taxonomy, developed by Benjamin Bloom in 1956. This model classifies cognitive skills into six hierarchical levels, progressing from lower- to higher-order thinking: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation (Bloom et al., 1956). The higher levels of this taxonomy emphasize deeper engagement with content, encouraging learners to move beyond simple recall toward more complex reasoning and innovation. The taxonomy has been widely adopted in educational settings to design curriculum, assess student progress, and improve instructional strategies (Anderson et al., 2001)
Recognizing the need to align cognitive development with modern educational demands, Anderson (2001) revised Bloom's original model, introducing the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT). This updated version reorganized cognitive processes to highlight a clear progression from basic memory recall to advanced thinking skills, such as creativity and critical thinking. Additionally, the revised taxonomy replaced noun-based categories with active verbs and adjusted the sequence, resulting in six cognitive levels: remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create (Anderson et al.,2001; Amer, 2006).
Each cognitive level in Revised Bloom's Taxonomy is associated with specific key actions and processes. "Remember" involves recalling or recognizing information, such as defining, listing, identifying, and retrieving facts. "Understand" refers to explaining concepts or interpreting information, demonstrated through summarizing, describing, classifying, and comparing. "Apply" is the ability to use knowledge in new situations, including executing, implementing, demonstrating, and solving problems. "Analyze" entails breaking down information to examine relationships and patterns, such as differentiating, organizing, attributing, and deconstructing. "Evaluate" involves making judgments based on criteria, including critiquing, justifying, validating, and assessing (Brookhart, 2010). Finally, "Create" focuses on generating new ideas or constructing original work, demonstrated by designing, developing, inventing, and producing (Anderson et al., 2001).
The latter three levels are categorized as higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), emphasizing the importance of developing critical, logical, reflective, metacognitive, and creative thinking (King et al., 2023). Similarly, McDavitt (1999) highlights that HOTS encompass analysis, synthesis, and evaluation, underscoring the necessity of mastering foundational skills before progressing to more complex cognitive abilities. Ghanizadeh (2022) further supports this perspective by emphasizing that the development of HOTS fosters learners' ability to critically assess information, generate innovative solutions, and apply knowledge to unfamiliar situations. His work reinforces the interconnected structure of Bloom's Revised Taxonomy (RBT), where lower-order thinking skills serve as a foundation for higher-order reasoning and innovation, enabling students to meet the demands of a rapidly evolving world with confidence and competence (Miri et al., 2007; Ritchhart et al., 2011).
At the core of HOTS lies critical thinking, which is deeply embedded within the higher levels of Revised Bloom's Taxonomy particularly in the processes of analysis, evaluation, and creation. Critical thinking enables individuals to assess information rigorously, distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources, and make logical and reasoned decisions (Paul & Elder, 2006; Facione, 2011). As an essential cognitive skill, critical thinking requires individuals to go beyond surface-level understanding by questioning assumptions, identifying biases, and engaging in reflective thought to arrive at well-supported conclusions (Ennis, 2011; Facione, 1990). It encourages intellectual discipline, promoting the ability to recognize inconsistencies in reasoning, evaluate alternative perspectives, and synthesize information from multiple sources to develop a comprehensive understanding of complex issues.
Moreover, critical thinking is integral to effective problem-solving and decision-making, both in academic and real-world contexts. In educational settings, students who engage in critical thinking are better equipped to analyze texts, assess arguments, and construct coherent responses based on evidence and logical reasoning (Lipman, 2003). This skill is particularly valuable in writing tasks, where learners must develop structured and well-supported arguments, ensuring clarity and coherence in their expression of ideas. Beyond the classroom, critical thinking plays a vital role in various professional fields, such as law, medicine, business, and technology, where individuals must navigate complex information, make informed decisions, and adapt to rapidly changing circumstances (Brookfield, 2012).
Additionally, the development of critical thinking fosters intellectual independence, allowing learners to approach problems with curiosity, skepticism, and open-mindedness. It equips them with the ability to evaluate information critically in an era of misinformation, where distinguishing credible sources from misleading content has become increasingly important (Redaelli, 2024). Through sustained practice, students refine their reasoning abilities, enhance their capacity for self-reflection, and develop a more structured and analytical approach to learning. Ultimately, cultivating critical thinking skills enables individuals to become more effective communicators, problem-solvers, and lifelong learners, ensuring their ability to navigate the complexities of the modern world with confidence and competence.
In addition to pedagogical strategies, assessments aligned with Revised Bloom's Taxonomy can reinforce the development of HOTS. Performance-based assessments, such as open-ended questions, case studies, and research projects, encourage students to apply their analytical and creative thinking abilities (Wiggins, 1998;Darling-Hammond, 2006). Providing students with formative feedback and opportunities for self-assessment also enhances their metacognitive skills and fosters a deeper understanding of learning processes (Black & Wiliam, 1998). By implementing such assessments, educators can ensure that students are not merely memorizing information but actively engaging in meaningful cognitive tasks.
In conclusion, by incorporating HOTS within the framework of Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, educators can design learning experiences that encourage students to progress beyond rote memorization, actively engaging in higher-order cognitive processes. This approach ensures that students develop not only content mastery but also the ability to think critically, solve problems creatively, and adapt to new challenges. Furthermore, assessments aligned with Revised Bloom's Taxonomy, such as performance-based evaluations, open-ended questions, and research projects, reinforce the development of HOTS by encouraging students to apply analytical and creative thinking abilities. By implementing such strategies, teachers can prepare students to meet the intellectual demands of the modern world, fostering a generation of independent, reflective, and innovative thinkers."
https://www.kompasiana.com/auliana94249/67e0483aa7e0fa0ee5469002/developing-higher-order-thinking-skills-a-cognitive-approach-using-bloom-s-revised-taxonomy
#metaglossia_mundus
"...The nature of the world is transformation and change.
To remain the same — to refuse to change — invites degeneration. Extinction records are full of the unadaptable, and this matches my aversion to religious orthodoxy. History is populated with extinct gods and followings unable to change, to make sense and to remain relevant. Today’s myths are the remains of yesterday’s truths.
I’m thinking that the antidote to the eroding nature of this world is not the austerity of orthodoxy, it is the generosity of art. At this time when I should be dreaming, I want to shout out to the dreamers, those who can’t stop creating things, the box-busting thinkers and people who nurture diverse ideas only to discover what is unique: their individual self-expression. Creatives and makers are the true heroes in the world.
For some, creating is therapy and to this I relate. Nobody is more anxious about unwritten words than me. I’m fierce to protect my time to write. Fierce enough to wake up at 2 a.m. to write about it. What can I do but go with it?
Creators often describe making art as a spiritual experience or practice, like a collaboration or communion between the divine and the artist. Ancient Greeks believed artists channeled disembodied muses; Romans called these muses geniuses. I confess I have no muses or geniuses, no divine sparks, but I’m open to them. Until then, I’ll simply enjoy the results with those who spiritualize it.
Call it God’s work, if you must, but a world without art is a world without humans. Irish poet and playwright Oscar Wilde knew it, “What art seeks to disturb is monotony of type, slavery of custom, tyranny of habit, and the reduction of man to the level of a machine.”
I took a short course on artificial intelligence to keep abreast of the developing world and was unsurprised to learn that a machine is not “intelligent.” AI is a content gleaner, and there’s always the risk of gleaned garbage (no offense to dumpster divers).
AI struggles to produce unflawed visual art (it’s the tangents), and once you see the tangential problem, you can’t unsee it — like carob for chocolate or chicory for coffee, one taste and you know it’s not the real thing.
In a way, machines are all the same, while humans are unique. AI cannot replace the fingerprint that is a human creator. Art will tell the future everything, that there is value in human creations if only to maintain the line that defines us, human from machine..."
By Janet Marugg, March 23, 2025
https://religionunplugged.com/news/2025/3/21/why-ai-cant-replace-human-creativity-or-our-need-to-create
#metaglossia_mundus
NEW DELHI : Recruitment exam for a government job is now being held with the option of 13 Indian languages instead of just Hindi and English as was the case
"NEW DELHI : Recruitment exam for a government job is now being held with the option of 13 Indian languages instead of just Hindi and English as was the case during the UPA Govt till 2014 and the average timeline for completing the process of recruitment has been reduced from the earlier 15 months to 8 months with prospects of further reduction. The other languages in the 8th schedule of the constitution will also be included in the course of time, he added.
This was announced here on Saturday said by Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh , who is also Incharge Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), while chairing a high-level holistic meeting at North Block. He emphasized the government’s commitment to streamlining the recruitment process and enhancing governance through technology-driven reforms..."
by News Desk March 23, 202
https://globalkashmir.net/dr-jitendra-announces-13-languages-option-for-job-recruitment-exam-timeline-reduced/
#metaglossia_mundus
Heritage pride in the samba schools of Rio de Janeiro is just one important symbol of a 3,000-plus-word legacy that is still subject to stigma
"...Nearly all samba schools celebrate Brazil’s African heritage in one way or another. Mangueira used its parade to praise Bantu culture, with many of its members wearing costumes honoring the African vocabulary that has long been integrated into Brazilian Portuguese. This is no minor contribution, but rather a 3,000-word lexicon inherited from the nearly five million Africans who, after being kidnapped and enslaved, arrived in Brazil between the 16th and late 19th centuries.
This linguistic diversity, despite all possible prohibitions and barriers, wound up molding the Portuguese that is spoken in Brazil today. Nor is its impact is limited to vocabulary; African heritage has left its mark on pronunciation, syntax and grammar.
The primary languages that survive in Brazil are Yoruba, Fon, Kimbundu and Kikongo, the last two hailing from the Bantu linguistic group, which is has had the greatest influence on modern-day speech. They belong to different ethnic groups from sub-Saharan Africa, the inhabitants of the lands that today are known as Nigeria, Benin, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola. Once enslaved, their speakers were forced to abandon their mother tongues, and for good measure, slave owners would place members of different communities together in order to prevent them from communicating with each other.
Many words survived in private, and due to this, it’s no coincidence that the majority have to do with Candomblé and other African faiths, as well as food. Acarajé, which refers to a spicy empanada that has become the gastronomic emblem of the state of Bahia, is a Yoruba world that literally means “to eat a ball of fire.”
Culinary examples are numerous, as are those related to music and with the Orishas and rituals practiced in terreiros (ceremonial spaces). Nowadays, these hidden places, as well as quilombos, the communities formed by the descendants of those who came from Africa that are largely located in rural areas, are the last bastions in which the languages that came from the continent can be heard.
Still, many words have made the leap from spaces of Black resistance and are now used in everyday Brazilian life, by members of all racial groups, who are often unaware of their origin. Going to the beach to take a dip in one’s thong or sunga (men’s swimming briefs) and sunbathing on a canga (sarong) requires the use of African words. So do samba and the chachaça (distilled spirit) used in the cocktail cairpirinha, as well as terms less easily translated, like cafuné (an affectionate head caress).
Many of these African words wound up taking the place of those that came from Portugal on the caravel sailing ships. To speak of the youngest member of the family, the Portuguese say benjamin; Brazilians, caçula. In Lisbon, during nap time, they dormitam, but in Rio, they take a cochilo. The list is long and has led the intellectual Lélia Gonzalaz, a leader in the Black Brazilian movement, to declare that Brazil doesn’t speak Portuguese, but rather, Pretugués (from preto, a word for Black).
Many of the historical prejudices against the African influence on Brazilian Portuguese are related to a lack of written records and the difficulty that academia has had in addressing the complexity of oral cultures. One of the few documents that have proved helpful in codifying linguistic history has been a Kimbundu grammar book published in 1697 by the priest Pedro Dias. The booklet, which is less than 50 pages long, is titled Arte da Língua de Angola, and was designed to be used by the Jesuits so that they could more easily preach to the enslaved individuals who had recently arrived from the western coast of Africa.
For Federal University of Bahia African linguistics professor Wânia Miranda Araújo da Silva, the lack of records is “one of the greatest challenges” to the social pedagogy that must be constructed in order to place proper value on the oral knowledge that has been passed down from generation to generation, above all in traditional communities. It’s the only way to be able to demonstrate that there has been a notable impact that goes beyond lexicon.
Indeed, intonation, the way in which some phonemes are pronounced, the tendency to place vowels where there are none (as opposed to Portuguese in Portugal, which is highly consonantal) and the double negative (não vou não, literally “I am not going no”) are all vestiges of Africanness in the speech of Brazilians, she explains in a phone interview.
These are factors, says Araújo, that add tension to the ever-complicated relationship with language purists, especially in the homeland of Luís de Camões. “With Portugal there is tension, we have an orthographic agreement between the countries that speak Portuguese, but the linguistic emancipation between Brazil and Portugal took place long ago, on various levels,” she says.
There are more and more programs of study at Brazilian universities that, instead of looking to Portugal, prefer to delve into the similarities of Brazilian Portuguese with the Angola language of Mozambique, for example. But at the institutional level, there is still much to be done.
Despite the fact that in Brazil, hundreds of languages are spoken (largely due to diverse Indigenous communities), it is still seen as a monolingual country, says Araújo. The closest the country has to a public policy to properly value African languages is a law passed in 2003 that requires public schools to teach Afro-Brazilian history and culture, though it is hardly ever enforced."
https://english.elpais.com/culture/2025-03-23/yoruba-kimbundu-and-kikongo-how-african-languages-shaped-brazilian-portuguese.html
Translator Vacancy at Azam Media (Azam TV )
TRANSLATOR VACANCY @ AZAM MEDIA (TANZANIA)
"...Role Overview
Translate visual material from the source language to the target language while ensuring accuracy and clarity.
Key Responsibilities
Watch and rewrite content while preserving meaning
Use translation software for consistency
Research terminology using dictionaries & references
Work with dubbing teams to clarify content
l Proofread and edit translations
Follow legal and ethical translation standards
Qualifications & Skills
Degree in Translation, Linguistic or relevant field
Proficiency in two languages English & Swahili
Strong writing, editing & grammar skills
Experience with translation in media contents & films.
Proficiency in translation software or subtitling tools.
Detail-oriented & able to meet tight deadlines
Ability to work independently & in team
Translator Vacancy at Azam Media (Azam TV )
How to Apply :
Application Deadline: March 24th , 2025.
Please submit your CV to recruitment@azam-media.com
Kindly indicate Job Tittle you are applying for in the subject line of your email."
https://lnkd.in/ejQbnwHK
This might be the first generation to succeed in making themselves fully incomprehensible
"...Are the kids all right? How can we tell, when we literally don’t speak their language?
One of the most hair-raising moments in Adolescence – the hit Netflix drama about a 13-year-old boy accused of murder – occurs when the detective investigating the case gets a linguistics lesson from his teenage son, Adam.
“It’s not going well ’cause you’re not getting it. You’re not reading what they’re doing,” explains Adam, pointing to the emoji symbols in a seemingly friendly Instagram exchange between the dead girl and her murderer.
The dynamite symbol is meant to be an exploding red pill, and a red pill is code for “incel”, meaning someone who is involuntarily celibate, which means the girl was publicly insulting the boy by suggesting he would never get laid.
Then there’s the coffee bean, which has somehow become a derogatory symbol for women in the so-called “manosphere”, and the 100 per cent sign, which refers to the incel theory that 80 per cent of women are attracted to only 20 per cent of men. “It all has meaning, Dad. Everything has meaning.”
Teenagers, like freemasons, have a long history of speaking in code. It’s an enjoyable way to simultaneously evade and annoy the older generation. But in the past, teenage slang was relatively easy to crack. It consisted of a familiar medium – words – conveyed through the long-established modes of speech or writing.
Smartphones, it hardly needs saying, are transforming human communication. After six centuries of dominance, words are being supplanted by images. Videos, photos, memes, emojis: these are now quicker and easier modes of transmission than writing. Why laboriously tap out your feelings in words when you could just fire off an aubergine emoji?
Or send a “snap”, being careful to obey the unwritten rules of Snapchat: a photo of the wall behind you, if you’re just saying hello; half your face, for something a bit friendlier; or a full selfie if you’re feeling flirty.
All languages are best learnt through immersion. British teenagers spend an average of 8.5 hours a day on their phones – equivalent to a 40-hour week. Parents can’t possibly keep up, let alone provide effective oversight. Since the kids mostly talk among themselves, they have been able to develop a dialect – or rather, multiple interwoven dialects, depending on which app they are using – which is deliberately impenetrable to adults.
There are now almost 3,000 different emojis – all of which may have multiple meanings, depending on who is using them, and in what context. A cherry emoji, for example, might denote cannabis, or breasts, or sexting, or (if the sender is very ancient) a small red stone fruit. The side-eye symbol – innocently used by parents to convey mild displeasure – might, from a younger user, suggest they are dealing drugs..."
By Jemima Lewis
20 March 2025
#metaglossia_mundus
Annonce de la 2e édition du Prix de l'édition en Afrique, dont la cérémonie de remise de prix est prévue en septembre prochain à Alger... Le prix est ouvert aux livres publiés dans une ou plusieurs des langues officielles de l'UA: l'arabe, l'anglais, le français, le portugais, l'espagnol, le swahili et toute autre langue africaine.
"La Banque africaine d'export-import (Afreximbank) a annoncé, samedi, le lancement de la 2e édition du Prix de l'édition en Afrique, dont la cérémonie de remise de prix est prévue en septembre prochain à Alger, lors de la 4e Foire commerciale intra-africaine (Iatf), le plus grand événement commercial et d'investissement en Afrique. «Nexus de l'Afrique Créative (Canex), une initiative de la Banque africaine d'export-import (Afreximbank), invite les éditeurs africains de livres spécialisés à postuler pour la deuxième édition du Prix Canex Book Factory pour l'édition en Afrique», précise la banque dans un communiqué, notant que cette compétition est ouverte aux livres commerciaux publiés par des maisons d'édition domiciliées en Afrique au cours de l'année précédant le Prix et ce, dans une ou plusieurs des langues officielles de l'Union africaine (UA). Le Prix est destiné à célébrer et à reconnaître les contributions exceptionnelles des éditeurs et des auteurs africains au monde littéraire, souligne la même source, ajoutant que le prix est ouvert aux livres publiés dans une ou plusieurs des langues officielles de l'UA: l'arabe, l'anglais, le français, le portugais, l'espagnol, le swahili et toute autre langue africaine."
#metaglossia_mundus
Dans cet entretien de 1966, Aimé Césaire raconte son parcours et la lutte contre l'oppression coloniale, transformant la douleur en une œuvre littéraire et politique qui redéfinit l’identité antillaise et africaine.
🎬 Comment Aimé Césaire a-t-il utilisé la poésie pour dénoncer l'injustice et éveiller les consciences ?
⚖️ Comment le poète et homme politique antillais a-t-il confronté les mécanismes du colonialisme et du capitalisme ?
🕰️ Comment son art, entre surréalisme, littérature engagée et vie politique, a-t-il forgé une vision révolutionnaire ?
🎙️ Un entretien réalisé par José Piva, diffusé pour la première fois sur France Culture le 30 janvier 1966.
#interview #colonialisme #AiméCésaire #archive
Chapitres :
00:00:00 Introduction et présentation
00:00:57 L’appel à la révolte culturelle
00:02:20 Son enfance, ses racines martiniquaises
00:02:34 L’imaginaire poétique et les symboles antillais
00:03:28 La critique du système colonial
00:15:51 L’éveil littéraire et la révolte personnelle
00:39:11 L’engagement politique et le passage à l’action
00:40:25 Le Discours sur le colonialisme
00:46:50 La question de la langue et l’identité culturelle
00:51:52 Conclusion
_________________________________
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