Mucosal Immunity

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Summary Plant expression systems have proven to be exceptional in producing high‐value complex polymeric proteins such as secretory IgAs (SIgAs). However, polymeric protein production requires the ...

KEY POINTS Trout have limited IgM and IgT repertoire diversity in NALT. Intranasal vaccination in trout triggers systemic and mucosal Ig response. IgM and IgT respond to i.p. and intranasal bacterin vaccination. Abstract Bony fish represent the most basal vertebrate branch with a dedicated mucosal immune system, which comprises immunologically heterogeneous microenvironments armed with innate and adaptive components. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) was recently described as a diffuse network of myeloid and lymphoid cells located in the olfactory organ of fish. Several studies have demonstrated high levels of protection conferred by nasal vaccines against viral and bacterial pathogens; however, the mechanisms underlying the observed protection are not well understood. We applied 5′RACE and a deep sequencing–based approach to investigate the clonal structure of the systemic and mucosal rainbow trout B cell repertoire. The analysis of Ig repertoire in control trout suggests different structures of IgM and IgT spleen and NALT repertoires, with restricted repertoire diversity in NALT. Nasal and injection vaccination with a bacterial vaccine revealed unique dynamics of IgM and IgT repertoires at systemic and mucosal sites and the remarkable ability of nasal vaccines to induce spleen Ig responses. Our findings provide an important immunological basis for the effectiveness of nasal vaccination in fish and other vertebrate animals and will help the design of future nasal vaccination strategies. Footnotes This work was supported by USDA AFRI Grant 2DN70-2RDN7 (to I.S.). S.M. also received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA Grant Agreement 600391. The dataset presented in this article has been submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/) under accession number PRJNA551127. The online version of this article contains supplemental material. Received February 7, 2019. Accepted July 9, 2019. Copyright © 2019 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.

PubMed comprises more than 29 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

This Review focuses on evidence implicating innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as previously unappreciated regulators of the adaptive immune system. Reciprocal interactions between ILCs and adaptive immune cells are a crucial determinant of tissue immune responses during homeostasis and disease.

Developments in high-throughput microbial genomic sequencing and other systems biology
techniques have given novel insight into the potential contribution of the gut microbiota
to health and disease. As a result, an increasing number of diseases have been characterised by distinctive changes in...

Objectives To investigate the association between tonsillitis and the risk of newly diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods We used 2003–2012 data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to conduct this nationwide, population-based, case-control study.

Original ArticlesGlomerular and Tubulointerstitial Diseases IgA Nephropathy in Elderly Patients Angel M. Sevillano, Monserrat Diaz, Fernando Caravaca-Fontán, Clara Barrios, Carmen Bernis, Jimena Cabrera, Jesus Calviño, Lorena Castillo, Carmen Cobelo, Patricia Delgado-Mallén, Mario Espinosa, Gema Fernandez-Juarez, Maria Jose Fernandez-Reyes, Rosa Garcia-Osuna, Patricia Garcia, Marian Goicoechea, Fayna Gonzalez-Cabrera, Diomaris A. Guzmán, Manuel Heras, Guillermo Martín-Reyes, Alberto Martinez, Teresa Olea, Jessy Korina Peña, Luis F. Quintana, Cristina Rabasco, Katia López Revuelta, Lida Rodas, Nuria Rodriguez-Mendiola, Eva Rodriguez, Luz San Miguel, Maria Dolores Sanchez de la Nieta, Amir Shabaka, Milagros Sierra, Alfonso Valera, Mercedes Velo, Eduardo Verde, Jose Ballarin, Oscar Noboa, Juan Antonio Moreno, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Manuel Praga and on behalf of the Spanish Group for the Study of Glomerular Diseases (GLOSEN) CJASN August 2019, 14 (8) 1183-1192; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.13251118 This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased. Visual Abstract Abstract Background and objectives Some studies suggest that the incidence of IgA nephropathy is increasing in older adults, but there is a lack of information about the epidemiology and behavior of the disease in that age group. Design, setting, participants, & measurements In this retrospective multicentric study, we analyzed the incidence, forms of presentation, clinical and histologic characteristics, treatments received, and outcomes in a cohort of 151 patients ≥65 years old with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy diagnosed between 1990 and 2015. The main outcome was a composite end point of kidney replacement therapy or death before kidney replacement therapy. Results We found a significant increase in the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy over time from six patients in 1990–1995 to 62 in 2011–2015 (P value for trend =0.03). After asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (84 patients; 55%), AKI was the most common form of presentation (61 patients; 40%). Within the latter, 53 (86%) patients presented with hematuria-related AKI (gross hematuria and tubular necrosis associated with erythrocyte casts as the most important lesions in kidney biopsy), and eight patients presented with crescentic IgA nephropathy. Six (4%) patients presented with nephrotic syndrome. Among hematuria-related AKI, 18 (34%) patients were receiving oral anticoagulants, and this proportion rose to 42% among the 34 patients older than 72 years old who presented with hematuria-related AKI. For the whole cohort, survival rates without the composite end point were 74%, 48%, and 26% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Age, serum creatinine at presentation, and the degree of interstitial fibrosis in kidney biopsy were risk factors significantly associated with the outcome, whereas treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers was associated with a lower risk. Immunosuppressive treatments were not significantly associated with the outcome. Conclusions The diagnosis of IgA nephropathy among older adults in Spain has progressively increased in recent years, and anticoagulant therapy may be partially responsible for this trend. Prognosis was poor. Podcast This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_07_16_CJASNPodcast_19_08_.mp3 Received November 11, 2018. Accepted May 1, 2019. Copyright © 2019 by the American Society of Nephrology View Full Text If you do not have an account on CJASN or JASN, you will need to create one.  See the instructions below for details on how to create an account.  Log in using your username and password Username * Password * Forgot your user name or password? Log in through your institution You may be able to gain access using your login credentials for your institution. Contact your library if you do not have a username and password. Purchase access Pay Per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$27.00 When you create an account, you will be asked for your name, email address and other information.  Just like commercial web sites, we do need details from you in order to complete your purchase of an article.  Select the "Create an Account" link to create your account.  You will then be asked to register a user name, email address and you will need to create a password that is at least eight characters in length. As you move through the registration page, you will have to verify you are a person by completing a Captcha request.   Lastly, your first and last name will be required.  Once your information is successfully saved, the system will redisplay the home page of the journal.  From there, navigate back to the article to purchase.  Select the article and at the bottom of the page, use the credentials you just created to login. The article will be added to your shopping cart.  You can continue to navigate across JASN and CJASN adding to your cart from both journals. When you are ready to complete your purchse, select the Shopping Cart from the upper right hand corner of the page and follow the onscreen instructions.  PreviousNext Podcast In this issue Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Vol. 14, Issue 8 August 07, 2019 Share Jump to section More in this TOC Section Original Articles Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Diseases Cited By... No citing articles found. Google Scholar Similar Articles Related Articles PubMedGoogle Scholar Keywords

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KEY POINTS α4 integrins are dispensable for cDCs and pDCs to populate the CNS in steady-state. Itga4−/− moDCs have a competitive disadvantage to accumulate in the inflamed CNS. Accumulation of CD11b+CD103+ DCs in gut lamina propria is dependent on α4 integrins. Abstract Homing of pathogenic CD4+ T cells to the CNS is dependent on α4 integrins. However, it is uncertain whether α4 integrins are also required for the migration of dendritic cell (DC) subsets, which sample Ags from nonlymphoid tissues to present it to T cells. In this study, after genetic ablation of Itga4 in DCs and monocytes in mice via the promoters of Cd11c and Lyz2 (also known as LysM), respectively, the recruitment of α4 integrin–deficient conventional and plasmacytoid DCs to the CNS was unaffected, whereas α4 integrin–deficient, monocyte-derived DCs accumulated less efficiently in the CNS during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a competitive setting than their wild-type counterparts. In a noncompetitive setting, α4 integrin deficiency on monocyte-derived DCs was fully compensated. In contrast, in small intestine and colon, the fraction of α4 integrin–deficient CD11b+CD103+ DCs was selectively reduced in steady-state. Yet, T cell–mediated inflammation and host defense against Citrobacter rodentium were not impaired in the absence of α4 integrins on DCs. Thus, inflammatory conditions can promote an environment that is indifferent to α4 integrin expression by DCs. Footnotes This work was supported by a Ph.D. fellowship from the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (to C.S.). C.O. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) (StgG 716718), by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 1371-P07 and within FOR2599), and by an intramural fund of the Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen. T.K. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1054-B06, TRR128, and SyNergy), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (T-B in NMO), and the ERC (CoG 647215). The online version of this article contains supplemental material. Received April 24, 2019. Accepted July 13, 2019. Copyright © 2019 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. This article is distributed under The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., Reuse Terms and Conditions for Author Choice articles.

This protocol describes how to induce the differentiation of M cells in human stem cell-derived ileal monolayers and methods to assess...

Skin and intestinal epithelial barriers play a pivotal role in protecting underlying tissues from harsh external environments. The protective role of these epithelia is, in part, dependent on a remarkable capacity to restore barrier function and tissue homeostasis after injury. In response to damage, epithelial wounds repair by a series of events that integrate epithelial responses with those of resident and infiltrating immune cells including neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. Compromise of this complex interplay predisposes to development of chronic nonhealing wounds, contributing to morbidity and mortality of many diseases. Improved understanding of crosstalk between epithelial and immune cells during wound repair is necessary for development of better pro-resolving strategies to treat debilitating complications of disorders ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to diabetes. In this Review we focus on epithelial and innate immune cell interactions that mediate wound healing and restoration of tissue homeostasis in the skin and intestine.

Characterization of the temporal dynamics of the human gut microbiome is crucial for understanding its role in modulating host health. Two recent studies explored the genetic diversity of gut microbes and unraveled extensive longitudinal dynamics within the host that is driven by natural selection.

NIH researchers suggest that the stability and resilience of wildling mice could improve the validity and reproducibility of biomedical studies.