National Hog Farmer PEDV Immunity: Past and Present National Hog Farmer Protection against enteric viruses is due to IgA antibodies secreted into the intestine that neutralize virus and block infection of intestinal epithelial cells.
CD8 tissue resident T cells (TRM) provide efficient local control of viral infection, but the role of CD4 TRM is less clear. Here, by using parabiotic mice, we show that a preexisting pool of CD4 TRM cells in the genital mucosa was required for full protection from a lethal herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection. Chemokines secreted by a local network of macrophages maintained vaginal CD4 TRM in memory lymphocyte clusters (MLCs), independently of circulating memory T cells . CD4 TRM within the MLC were enriched in clones that expanded in response to HSV-2. Our results highlight the need for vaccine strategies that enable establishment of TRM for protection from a sexually transmitted virus, and provide insights as to how such pool might be established.
The journal of Fish and Shellfish Immunology is organizing a special issue on the role of pre/probiotics in immunomodulation. The special issue... (We are looking for your research about the role of probiotics in #immunomodulation !
PubMed comprises more than 23 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
ThePoultrySite.com Science and Business Boost Chicken's Immune System ThePoultrySite.com "There isn't a lot of information about the immune systems in chickens especially mucosal immune responses," says Ms Barjesteh.
IL-22 and metabolic disease Nature.com Treatment with IL-22-Fc also enhanced mucosal immunity and reduced metabolic endotoxiemia and the expression of adipocyte-derived proinflammatory genes.
by Han Yu, Jiping Zeng, Xiuming Liang, Wenfu Wang, Yabin Zhou, Yundong Sun, Shili Liu, Wenjuan Li, Chunyan Chen, Jihui Jia Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found in the stomach, is assumed to be associated with...
It sounds like science fiction, but it seems that bacteria within us — which outnumber our own cells about 100-fold — may very well be affecting both our cravings and moods to get us to eat what they want, and often are driving us toward obesity.
New research sheds light on the development of a unique class of immune cells known as intraepithelial lymphocytes found in the thin layer of tissue lining the intestine.
PubMed comprises more than 23 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
The pathogen recognition theory dictates that upon viral infection, the innate immune system first detects microbial products, and then responds by providing instructions to adaptive CD8 T cells. Here, we show in mice that resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM), non-recirculating cells located at common sites of infection, can achieve near sterilizing immunity against viral infections by reversing this flow of information. Upon antigen resensitization within the mouse female reproductive mucosae, CD8+ TRM secrete cytokines that trigger rapid adaptive and innate immune responses, including local humoral responses, maturation of local dendritic cells, and activation of natural killer cells. This provided near-sterilizing immunity against an antigenically unrelated viral infection. Thus, CD8+ TRM rapidly trigger an antiviral state by amplifying receptor-derived signals from previously encountered pathogens.
by Romy Käbisch, Raquel Mejías-Luque, Markus Gerhard, Christian Prinz Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in the innate immune response since they recognize a broad repertoire of PAMPs mainly via Toll-like receptors (TLRs).
Comparison between pathogenic and nonpathogenic SIV infections and focus on mucosal tissue compartment reveal a critical role for the adenosine pathway in th...
Dual vaccine approach could help eradicate polio NHS Choices The researchers wanted to see if giving children a booster injection with the Salk inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) could boost “mucosal” immunity, which includes immunity in the gut.
Innate lymphoid cells regulate intestinal epithelial cell glycosylation Science Careers Blog Fucosylation of intestinal epithelial cells, catalyzed by fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2), is a major glycosylation mechanism of host–microbiota symbiosis.
Reconstituted Human Polyclonal Plasma-derived Secretory-like IgM and IgA Maintain the Barrier Function of Epithelial Cells Infected with an Enteropathogen*. Stéphanie Longet‡1,; Cédric Vonarburg§,; Marius Lötscher§, ...
By using polarized epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers and Shigella flexneri as a model enteropathogen, we found that polyspecific plasma-derived SIgA and SIgM fulfill many protective functions, including dose-dependent recognition of the antigen via formation of aggregated immune complexes, reduction of bacterial infectivity, maintenance of epithelial cell integrity, and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production by epithelial cells. In this in vitro model devoid of other cellular or molecular interfering partners, IgM and secretory IgM showed stronger bacterial neutralization than secretory IgA. Together, these data suggest that mucosally delivered antibody preparations may be most effective when combining both secretory-like IgA and IgM, which, together, play a crucial role in preserving several levels of epithelial cell integrity.
CTV News Combined use of polio vaccines effective in boosting immunity EurekAlert (press release) This is because mucosal immunity (the protection offered by the linings that separate the body's sterile interior from the outside world) diminishes...
The results of this study could help resolve the 50-year-old controversy, dating back to the time of Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin, over vaccine choice. "The answer is now very clear," explained Dr. Roland Sutter, WHO's coordinator for research and product development, polio operations and research. "Both vaccines complement one another and should be used to interrupt the final chains of transmission to attain a polio-free world in the most rapid and effective way possible."
"The global eradication effort is at a critical crossroad," continued Dr. Jafari. "Endemic polio is increasingly geographically restricted to populations in insecure and inaccessible areas. Yet the virus in these areas persists with incredible tenacity and threatens the increasingly vulnerable populations in polio-free countries with weak or conflict-affected health systems."
by Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert, Hanneke Borgdorff, Rita Verhelst, Tania Crucitti, Suzanna Francis, Hans Verstraelen, Vicky Jespers We conducted a systematic review of the Medline database (U.S.
How HIV co-opts gut bacteria to pose as a familiar infection The Conversation UK When these cells encounter a new infection, they produce specific antibodies to attack it, which coat the surface of infected cells and tag them for destruction.
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