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La fête de l’agriculture, célébrée le 12 mai 2022, était cette année en Tunisie un peu différente de celle des années précédentes.
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En Afrique du Nord, la Tunisie est le plus petit producteur de céréales. Cette situation la rend dépendante des achats sur le marché mondial pour
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La France est exportatrice nette de 2,7 millions d’hectares. Néanmoins, ce solde positif cache de nombreux flux d’imports et d’exports : "La face cachée de nos consommations". En effet, la France reste très dépendante de l’étranger. Les produits que nous importons (soja, cacao, café, viandes, huile de palme, coton, fruits et légumes, bois...) nécessitent une surface de 14 millions d’hectares hors de nos frontières soit 25% de la surface de la France. Pour la plupart, ces productions génèrent de fortes pressions environnementales : déforestation, assèchement des nappes, usage massif de pesticides... Cette brochure illustrée décrit 7 des principaux produits d’importation et leurs conséquences. Elle présente les raisons pour lesquelles notre système n’est plus durable et décrit les leviers qui peuvent être mobilisés pour réduire notre empreinte importée : sobriété, efficience, relocalisation, substitution, équité.
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BackgroundTo limit the spread of COVID-19, a strict lockdown was imposed in France between March and May 2020. Mobility limitations and closure of non-essential public places (restaurants, open-air markets, etc.) affected peoples' food environment (FE) and thus their food purchasing practices (FPPs). This study aimed to explore changes in FPPs of French households during lockdown and associations with individual and environmental factors.MethodsIn April of 2020 households from the Mont'Panier cross-sectional study (n = 306), a quota sampling survey conducted in the south of France, were asked to complete an online questionnaire about their FPPs during lockdown and related factors, including perceived FE (distance to closest general food store, perception of increased food prices, etc.). Objective FE (presence, number, proximity, and density of food outlets) was assessed around participant's home using a geographical information system. Multiple correspondence analysis based on changes in frequency of use and quantity of food purchased by food outlet, followed by a hierarchical cluster analysis, resulted in the identification of clusters. Logistic regression models were performed to assess associations between identified clusters and household's sociodemographic characteristics, perceived, and objective FE.ResultsFive clusters were identified. Cluster “Supermarket” (38% of the total sample), in which households reduced frequency of trips, but increased quantity bought i
An Egyptian engineering student has devised an onsite treatment unit to treat small-scale agricultural wastewater, which may become one strategy for reducing the country's many water challenges.
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The objective of this paper is to evaluate the indirect impacts of a set-aside policy on the environment through crop intensification. We estimate a structural, multi-output model on a panel of French farmers from 2006 to 2010, accounting for multivariate selection (corner solutions) on crops and land use. We use a parametric and a semi-nonparametric (based on sieve estimation) version of a quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) estimator, compare their goodness of fit and parameter efficiency and check for closeness with a test for non-nested models. We then perform a simulation experiment based on elasticity estimates for set-aside area and input demand, to evaluate intensive margin effects of the set-aside policy. Results show that a set-aside subsidy can provide farmers with incentives to intensify their production, leading to potential adverse environmental effects.
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Le colloque questionnera les articulations entre interventions publiques et privées autour de l’alimentation. Il s’agit de comprendre comment l’Etat se saisit des enjeux d’alimentation, comment les acteurs publics parviennent à structurer un secteur fortement investi par les ONG et très largement pris en charge par les opérateurs économiques : agriculteurs, industriels, distributeurs. Symétriquement, le colloque abordera aussi le rôle et les rapports de ces acteurs privés dans la construction et la mise en œuvre des politiques alimentaires. Enfin, il analysera les politiques alimentaires à la lumière de crises majeures : celle de la pandémie de Covid-19 et celle du climat et de la biodiversité.
The European Commission has approved a €30 million Malta government scheme to support companies in the importation, wholesale and manufacture of grain products impacted by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The scheme, ‘MDB Subsidised Loan Scheme’, was approved under the State aid Temporar
Last month, residents of Boretto in northern Italy discovered that the wide stretch of the Po River, running just to the north of their small town, had transformed into a beach. The pale golden sand extended for around 10 metres towards the centre of the river and inhabitants took advantage of the newly formed terrain to take a stroll and walk their dogs. In other areas, the water level dropped so low that the remains of a tank from WWII were revealed and the ruined walls of a medieval town emerged.
L’embargo indien sur les exportations de blé a propulsé le prix de la denrée à un niveau record. L’annonce fait l’effet d’une bombe sur le marché des céréales, déjà sous tension en raison de la guerre en Ukraine. Dans ce contexte, le moindre choc peut avoir un effet dévastateur, selon les spécialistes.
The rise of climate action in the Middle East over the last few months has brought climate change into the limelight like never before. Yet it has also raised more questions than it has answered. Growing climate ambitions together with the commitment by Egypt and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to host the next two United Nations climate summits, COP27 and COP28, have signaled a greater interest in climate change in the fossil fuel-rich region.
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Souveraineté alimentaire : Quels choix pour une plus grande autonomie du Maroc ? C'est le thème de la première matinale du Cycle de conférences du Groupe Le Matin #CCGM qui traite des priorités pour renforcer la souveraineté économique nationale. Redouane Arrach, SG du ministère de l'Agriculture, Rachid Benali, 1er vice-président de la Comader, Hamid Felloun, DG de la Fenagri et El Mostafa Chehhar, directeur du domaine vert au Crédit Agricole, sont nos invités le mardi 17 mai à l'Hôtel Barcelo-Casablanca.
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Le ministère de l’Agriculture a décidé une augmentation des prix des céréales à la production, a indiqué, jeudi, à Tunis, le porte-parole du gouvernement, Nasserdine Nssibi, précisant que cette hausse sera appliquée à partir de cette saison. L’objectif étant de réduire l’importation de …
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La suppression ou non du mécanisme de subvention pour l’importation de blé au Liban, mis en place par la Banque centrale depuis le début de la crise, demeure sans réponse.Depuis l’invasio
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The Corona pandemic limits human activities at a time when the world is facing challenges in food safety. Wheat is foremost cereal crop grown healthy in Egypt, especially in El Sharkia Governorate. The target of this work is to monitor wheat cultivation in El Sharkia Governorate during COVID-19 pandemic. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) estimates were made by band 4 and band 5 of Landsat-8 images of 2018, 2019 and 2020. At the start of May 2020 a field visit was made to 50 sites cultivated with wheat to find out their yield and collecting soil samples. The Yield with NDVI was shown to have a strong relationship (R2 = 0.84). The NDVI maps of 2018, 2019 and 2020 were produced using ENVI 5.3 software. The changes in wheat cultivation during 2018–2020 were analyzed and discussed in detail. Decrement in wheat yield was noticed in 2020 due to the lack of production requirements owing to the pandemic.
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Covid-19 had a negative effect economically and socially in Tunisia, as illustrated by the highest mortality rate recorded in Africa in March 2020 and the economic growth rate estimated at -9.3% by the Central Bank of Tunisia in 2020. The main cause of this situation is the quarantine and the sudden halt of several activities resulting in the drop in domestic demand and the loss of Tunisia’s main trading partners. The agricultural sector, and particularly small and family farms, forced to align with the quarantine measures since March 2020, have suffered the full impact of Covid-19. Indeed, the pandemic crisis put a strain on food supply chains: a complex network of interactions involving farmers, agricultural inputs, processing plants, retailers, and others. This study proposes to analyze the impact of the sanitary crisis, and of the national lockdown measures imposed since March 22, 2020, on small farms in the most vulnerable rural areas of Tunisia and on the functioning of small local chains. A survey based on the approach of the Participatory Systemic Rapid Diagnosis (PSRD) was conducted during the month of June 2020 just after 2 months of containment, with a sample of 240 farmers operating in local channels and distributed from north to south of Tunisia on 6 governorates the poorest and most vulnerable, according to the economic development indicator and poverty line. The results of this survey have shown that the health crisis has resulted in major disruptions to agricultural activities mainly at the level of supply chains of raw materials (treatment products, fertilizers, seeds, animal feed, … etc.), and marketing channels due to the closure of weekly markets (leafy vegetables, small livestock, … etc.). This dysfunction of the production system and local agricultural sectors has not only had an impact on farmers’ incomes, which have dropped significantly compared to a normal year, but has also disrupted the functioning of the entire food system at the local level. Consequently, the need for a new model of production, processing, and marketing of food products is necessary.
Alors qu'avant la guerre, l'Ukraine exportait 12% du blé, 15% du maïs et 50% de l'huile de tournesol au niveau mondial, son absence durable de la scène internationale pèse notamment sur le cours des huiles, dont les prix ont atteint de nouveaux sommets cette semaine.
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La hausse du cours des matières premières agricoles, conséquence du conflit en Ukraine, est utilisée comme motif pour exhorter la Commission européenne à abandonner la stratégie « De la fourche à la fourchette » (F2F). Il s’agirait par là d’encourager un accroissement de la production en se « libérant » des contraintes environnementales. Dans ce billet de blog, nous montrons qu’à court terme, les enjeux se situent sur le terrain du soutien aux pays et secteurs les plus dépendants face à la flambée des prix et non sur celui de la production ; et qu’à moyen terme, la trajectoire de transition esquissée par la F2F vers plus d’autonomie et de sobriété est la plus à même de renforcer la résilience du système alimentaire européen et sa contribution aux équilibres alimentaires mondiaux — pour peu qu’on prenne réellement en compte sa dimension systémique.
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Engineering N2-fixing symbioses between cereals and diazotrophic bacteria represents a promising strategy to sustainably deliver biologically fixed nitrogen (N) in agriculture. We previously developed novel transkingdom signaling between plants and bacteria, through plant production of the bacterial signal rhizopine, allowing control of bacterial gene expression in association with the plant. Here, we have developed both a homozygous rhizopine producing (RhiP) barley line and a hybrid rhizopine uptake system that conveys upon our model bacterium Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 (Ac) 103-fold improved sensitivity for rhizopine perception. Using this improved genetic circuitry, we established tight rhizopine-dependent transcriptional control of the nitrogenase master regulator nifA and the N metabolism σ-factor rpoN, which drove nitrogenase expression and activity in vitro and in situ by bacteria colonizing RhiP barley roots. Although in situ nitrogenase activity was suboptimally effective relative to the wild-type strain, activation was specific to RhiP barley and was not observed on the roots of wild-type plants. This work represents a key milestone toward the development of a synthetic plant-controlled symbiosis in which the bacteria fix N2 only when in contact with the desired host plant and are prevented from interaction with nontarget plant species.
A report by a risk consultancy has said that rising fuel and food prices are set to stoke a rise in civil unrest in developing middle income countries, with Egypt and Tunisia among the states which will take the hardest hit.
Via Système de veille, CIHEAM News
La hausse des prix mondiaux des engrais ne laisse aucune nation indifférente. Si les nations importatrices font face à un casse-tête, celles exportatrices se frottent les mains avec des hausses de revenus escomptées.
Freshwater scarcity is a fact of life for people across much of the planet with agricultural production severely affected as irrigation at croplands already accounts for 70% of water use globally. Much worse is to come, however, scientists warn. By the middle of the century, say the authors of a new study, water scarcity in agriculture will likely increase in a staggering 80% of the world’s croplands.
En février dernier, la situation pluviométrique suscitait beaucoup d’inquiétude, mais depuis début mars, les pluies sont revenues d’une manière régulière. Le ministre de l’Agriculture, de la Pêche maritime, du Développement rural et des eaux et forêts, Mohammed Sadiki, se montre optimiste : les pluies qu’a connues le Maroc dernièrement, ont un impact immédiat sur les cultures. Pour le ministre, le mois de mars a été le mois le plus pluvieux par rapport à l’année dernière et par rapport à la moyenne durant les trente dernières années.
Via CIHEAM News
The world’s largest wheat importer, Egypt has traditionally gone to great lengths to secure enough wheat to make bread — a staple for most of the country’s 103 million people. About 71 million Egyptians rely on cheap bread under a state subsidised food card system.
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