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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
September 26, 2020 7:04 AM
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This Medical News article discusses the puzzling phenomenon of “long-haulers,” patients who haven’t returned to full health weeks or even months after what sometimes is a mild case of COVID-19.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
September 24, 2020 11:02 AM
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
September 22, 2020 2:45 AM
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
September 17, 2020 1:59 AM
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Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 specific adaptive immune responses during acute COVID-19 identifies
coordination between SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells to limit disease
severity. Aged individuals often exhibit uncoordinated adaptive responses, potentially
tied to scarcity of naive T cells, highlighting immunologic risk factors linked to
disease severity.
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Suggested by
Société Francaise d'Immunologie
September 11, 2020 3:22 PM
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SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA beta coronavirus belonging to the order of nidovirales. In the first three months since its ...
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
September 8, 2020 1:37 PM
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A new briefing note from the British Society for Immunology reviewing what we do and don’t currently know about the long-term immunological health effects of COVID-19
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
August 28, 2020 10:10 AM
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Our series supports clinical data showing that the four dominant interrelated pathological
processes in severe COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar damage, thrombosis, haemophagocytosis,
and immune cell depletion.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
August 21, 2020 4:32 AM
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Buggert and colleagues provide a phenotypic and functional map of SARS-CoV-2-specific
T cells across the full spectrum of exposure, infection, and COVID-19 severity. They
observe that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells generate a broad, robust and functionally
replete response in convalescent individuals, that may provide protection from recurrent
episodes of severe COVID-19.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
August 17, 2020 3:58 AM
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Covid-19 T cell response is strong
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
August 2, 2020 11:38 AM
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The role of T cells in the resolution or exacerbation of COVID-19, as well as their potential to provide long-term protection from reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, remains debated. Nevertheless, recent studies have highlighted various aspects of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection that are starting to enable some general concepts to emerge. In this Progress article, Zeyu Chen and E. John Wherry summarize early reports of the T cell responses observed in patients with COVID-19, emphasizing how different immune response characteristics in different patients may reflect a spectrum of disease phenotypes.
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Suggested by
Société Francaise d'Immunologie
July 28, 2020 3:03 PM
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Scientists are examining the role of T cells, which are likely crucial for long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
July 27, 2020 8:22 AM
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Recent studies have provided insights into the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1–4. Yet, longitudinal immunological correlates of disease outcome remain unclear. Here, we serially analysed immune responses in 113 COVID-19 patients with moderate (non-ICU) and severe (ICU) disease. Immune profiling revealed an overall increase in innate cell lineages with a concomitant reduction in T cell number. We identify an association between early, elevated cytokines and worse disease outcomes. Following an early increase in cytokines, COVID-19 patients with moderate disease displayed a progressive reduction in type-1 (antiviral) and type-3 (antifungal) responses. In contrast, patients with severe disease maintained these elevated responses throughout the course of disease. Moreover, severe disease was accompanied by an increase in multiple type 2 (anti-helminths) effectors including, IL-5, IL-13, IgE and eosinophils. Unsupervised clustering analysis identified 4 immune signatures, representing (A) growth factors, (B) type-2/3 cytokines, (C) mixed type-1/2/3 cytokines, and (D) chemokines that correlated with three distinct disease trajectories of patients. The immune profile of patients who recovered with moderate disease was enriched in tissue reparative growth factor signature (A), while the profile for those with worsened disease trajectory had elevated levels of all four signatures. Thus, we identified development of a maladapted immune response profile associated with severe COVID-19 outcome and early immune signatures that correlate with divergent disease trajectories.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
July 18, 2020 6:28 AM
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
September 25, 2020 3:59 AM
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Damaged interferon response helps explain why men get sicker than women
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Rescooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
from Virus World
September 23, 2020 4:40 AM
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is determined by SARS-CoV-2 replication and host immune response, but studies evaluating viral evasion of immune response are lacking. Here we employed unbiased screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 proteins that antagonize type-I interferon (IFN-I) response. Three proteins were found to antagonize IFN-I production via distinct mechanisms: nsp6 binds TBK1 to suppress IRF3 phosphorylation; nsp13 binds and blocks TBK1 phosphorylation; and ORF6 binds importin KPNA2 to inhibit IRF3 nuclear translocation. Two sets of viral proteins were identified to antagonize IFN-I signaling through blocking STAT1/STAT2 phosphorylation or nuclear translocation. Remarkably, SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 and nsp6 suppressed IFN-I signaling more efficiently than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Thus, when treated with IFN-I, a SARS-CoV2 replicon replicated to a higher level than chimeric replicons containing nsp1 or nsp6 from SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV. Altogether, the study has provided insights on SARS-CoV-2 evasion of IFN-I response and its potential impact on viral transmission and pathogenesis. Published in Cell Reports (September 19, 2020):
Via Juan Lama
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
September 19, 2020 9:45 AM
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A multi-layered, virus-specific immune response is important for controlling SARS-CoV-2 during the acute phase of the infection and reducing COVID-19 disease severity, with the bulk of the evidence pointing to a much bigger role for T cells than antibodies. A weak or uncoordinated immune response, on the other hand, predicts a poor disease outcome.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
September 14, 2020 6:03 AM
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The COVID-19 pandemic is shining a spotlight on the field of immunology like never before. To appreciate the diverse ways in which immunologists have contributed, Nature Reviews Immunology invited the president of the International Union of Immunological Societies and the presidents of 15 other national immunology societies to discuss how they and their members responded following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For this Viewpoint, Nature Reviews Immunology asked the presidents of 16 immunology societies from around the world to discuss how their society and its members responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. Their answers highlight the incredible contributions that immunologists around the globe have made following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Suggested by
Société Francaise d'Immunologie
September 9, 2020 1:35 PM
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Thieme et al. demonstrate T cell response against M-, N-, and S-proteins of SARS-CoV-2,
with M-protein triggering a stronger CD4+ T cell response. ICU COVID-19 patients are
capable of generating functional SARS-CoV-2 immunity non-inferior to non-ICU COVID-19
patients.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
September 6, 2020 5:26 AM
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A closer look at the Bradykinin hypothesis and what it suggests.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
August 21, 2020 1:30 PM
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bioRxiv - the preprint server for biology, operated by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, a research and educational institution
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
August 21, 2020 2:25 AM
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Abstract. Beside the commonly described pulmonary expression of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), major vascular events have been reported. The objectiv
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
August 7, 2020 2:50 AM
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the rapidly unfolding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic1,2. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 vary, ranging from asymptomatic infection to respiratory failure. The mechanisms determining such variable outcomes remain unresolved. Here, we investigated SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S)-reactive CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2-unexposed healthy donors (HD). We detected SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive CD4+ T cells in 83% of patients with COVID-19 but also in 35% of HD. S-reactive CD4+ T cells in HD reacted primarily to C-terminal S epitopes, which show a higher homology to spike glycoproteins of human endemic coronaviruses, compared to N-terminal epitopes. S-reactive T cell lines generated from SARS-CoV-2-naive HD responded similarly to C-terminal S of human endemic coronaviruses 229E and OC43 and SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating the presence of S-cross-reactive T cells, probably generated during past encounters with endemic coronaviruses. The role of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cells for clinical outcomes remains to be determined in larger cohorts. However, the presence of S-cross-reactive T cells in a sizable fraction of the general population may affect the dynamics of the current pandemic, and has important implications for the design and analysis of upcoming COVID-19 vaccine trials.
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
August 1, 2020 4:26 AM
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The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be envisaged as the dynamic
interaction between four vicious feedback loops chained or happening at once. These are the viral loop, the hyperinflammatory loop, the non-canonical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) axis loop, and the...
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
July 27, 2020 10:32 AM
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Scooped by
Gilbert C FAURE
July 25, 2020 4:40 AM
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Understanding the clinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and prognosis in children is a major issue. Children often present mild symptoms, and some severe forms require paediatric intensive care, with in some cases a fatal prognosis. Our aim was to identify the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentation, and prognosis of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) hospitalized in Paris suburb hospitals. In this prospective, observational, multicentre study, we included children hospitalized in paediatric departments of Paris suburb hospitals from 23 March 2020 to 10 May 2020, during the national lockdown in France with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (positive RNA test on a nasopharyngeal swab) or highly suspected infection (clinical, biological, and/or radiological data features suggestive for SARS-CoV-2 infection). A total of 192 children were included for confirmed (n = 157) or highly suspected (n = 35) SARS-CoV-2 infection. The median age was one year old (interquartile range 0.125–11) with a sex ratio 1.3:1. Fever was recorded in 147 (76.6%) children and considered poorly tolerated in 29 (15.1%). The symptoms ranged from rhinorrhoea (34.4%) and gastrointestinal (35.5%) to respiratory distress (25%). Only 10 (5.2%) children had anosmia and five (2.6%) had chest pain. An underlying condition was identified in almost 30% of the children in our study. Overall, 24 (12.5%) children were admitted to paediatric intensive care units, 12 required mechanical ventilation, and three died. For children in Paris suburbs, most cases of Covid-19 showed mild or moderate clinical expression. However, one-eighth of children were admitted to paediatric intensive care units and three died.
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