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In silico functional analysis showed that the ESCs-Exo microRNAs‒target genes were primarily involved in homeostatic processes and cell differentiation and highlighted regulatory control of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B and TGFβ signaling pathways. This was also validated in vitro. Collectively, our results indicate that epidermal stem cells and ESCs-Exo are equally effective in promoting impaired diabetic wound healing and that ESCs-Exo treatment may be a promising and technically advantageous alternative to stem cell therapies.

HELA-Exos exhibit potent antitumor activity in both a mouse model and human breast cancer organoids by promoting the activation of cDC1s in situ and thus improving the subsequent tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell responses. The strategy proposed here is promising for generating an in situ DC-primed vaccine and can be extended to various types of cancers.

Stem cell and other cell-based therapies have proven to be strong therapeutic candidates for many regenerative and tissue restorative applications. However, complications with post transplantation viability, clinical reproducibility, and large-scale development have stalled these products in the path to drug approval. In an effort to enhance and build from the lessons learned in cell-based research and clinical trials, researchers have begun to shift focus to cell-to-cell secreted factors such as extracellular vesicles. Extracellular vesicles, secreted from the cell membrane or the cell’s internal recycling pathways, carry many of the same molecular messengers and factors found to be therapeutic in cell therapies.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) of endosomal origin that range in size between 30 and 150 nanometers. Exosomes are secreted by a wide range of cells, since virtually all living cells utilize exosome-mediated communication. Exosomes carry cell-specific cargos of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that are selectively taken up by recipient cells.

Exosomes include plasma-transported vesicles that are secreted by human tissues and reflect metabolic status. The profile of exosomes (particularly microRNA content) is altered in metabolic disease. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, exosomes circulating in plasma induce transcriptional changes related to tumour progression and pro-metastatic phenotypes in target cancer cells, potentially linking obesity to cancer progression and metastasis.

Uncontrollable bleeding is a major problem in surgical procedures and after major trauma. Existing hemostatic agents poorly control hemorrhaging from traumatic arterial and cardiac wounds because of their weak adhesion to wet and mobile tissues. Here we design a photo-reactive adhesive that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. This biomacromolecule-based matrix hydrogel can undergo rapid gelling and fixation to adhere and seal bleeding arteries and cardiac walls after UV light irradiation. These repairs can withstand up to 290 mm Hg blood pressure, significantly higher than blood pressures in most clinical settings (systolic BP 60–160 mm Hg). Most importantly, the hydrogel can stop high-pressure bleeding from pig carotid arteries with 4~ 5 mm-long incision wounds and from pig hearts with 6 mm diameter cardiac penetration holes. Treated pigs survived after hemostatic treatments with this hydrogel, which is well-tolerated and appears to offer significant clinical advantage as a traumatic wound sealant.

This review highlights the development of hydrogels as flexible materials for diabetes applications in glucose monitoring, insulin delivery, wound care, and cell transplantation in recent years. Challenges and prospects in the development of hydrogel-based flexible devices for personalized management of diabetes are discussed as well.

WO2021064006 : The present invention relates to a hyperbranched polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether. In particular, to hyperbranched polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether having a molecular weight from 750 to 15.000 Da; and an epoxy equivalent weight from 183 to 7.000 g/eq. It also relates to a crosslinked polysaccharide obtainable by crosslinking the polysaccharide with the hyperbranched polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether, a process for their preparation and their uses in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and agriculture industries.

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs), such as hyperbranched polyglycerols (HPGs) with a dendritic configuration, have been recognized for their excellent biocompatibility and multifunctionalization. HPGs have been studied for use in the delivery diagnostic, imaging and therapeutic molecules in the area of nanobiomedicine. They show superior characteristics to linear polymers and dendrimers, such as compact structure, a simple manufacturing process with easy functionalization ability, low viscosity, and high stability. Owing to these advantages, HPGs are now considered promising carriers for drug delivery, diagnostics, imaging, and theranostics applications for cancer treatment. In this review, we also discuss safety aspects of HPG-based nanoformulations in various animal models and the clinical translation status of such polymers for real-time applications.

In general, for soft contact lenses, there are two possible avenues to increase oxygen permeability: develop the materials with higher water content or develop the hydrophobic materials. Oxygen can be absorbed and permeate through the soft lens by water phase or its matrix. In conventional hydrogel, oxygen permeability is essentially governed by the equilibrium water content (EWC). Higher water content in soft lens can achieve higher oxygen transmissibility.

Spiga Nord refined polyglycerols can be successfully applied directly in cosmetic formulations as a Solvent for fragrances thanks to their non-volatile nature or as a skin moisturizer, in view of the reduced number of hydroxyl groups within the carbon chain with respect to Glycerol and the greater molecular weight Polyglycerolsand, as a consequence, Polyglycerol Esters (PGEs) are better tolerated by the human skin.In the research and development phases of a cosmetic formulation it is absolutely necessary to ensure that the product stability and functionality is valid after marketing and over shelf-life; moreover cosmetic products must maintain in course of time their texture, fragrance, softness, fast absorption. Polyglycerol Esters (PGEs), together with other compounds, can achieve both these goals. They are suitable to be applied as non-ionic emulsifiers, dispersants, emollients, wetting agents or thickeners in personal care formulations.

This study investigated a novel surface modification strategy for thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes using hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG), which is not only super-hydrophilic to mitigate fouling, but also has a unique three-dimensional globular architecture to enhance water transport. Membrane surface modification with hydrophilic polymers has been shown to improve the membrane fouling resistance, but often at the expense of decreased water flux. To solve this dilemma, a highly permeable antifouling layer was created by grafting hPG onto the polyamide surface of a TFC membrane via a layer-by-layer interfacial polymerization method. The grafted hPG remarkably enhanced the hydrophilicity of the TFC polyamide surfaces, resulting in an extremely low water contact angle (16.4°), and significantly increased the water permeability by 41.5% compared to pristine TFC membranes.

Exosome production comprises intraluminal vesicles from endosomal compartments called multivesicular bodies, which are released into the extracellular compartment when the late endosomes fuse with the cell membrane.

Exogenus Therapeutics is an early-stage R&D company dedicated to the development of innovative products using naturally derived extracellular vesicles. Its lead product Exo-101 is recognized as a major advancement in the field of exosome-based therapeutics, and as a reference for an alternative clinical use for umbilical cord blood. Leveraging on its experience, Exogenus Therapeutics’ mission is to foster a new era of extracellular vesicle-based solutions to solve major healthcare challenges, through internal and collaborative R&D.

The Astellas Institute for Regenerative Medicine (AIRM) has signed a Master Collaborative Services Agreement (MSA) with Exopharm, through which the partners plan to carry out initial lab work, with the goal for Astellas of deciding whether exosome products can be added to its pipeline. That work will begin at Exopharm's laboratories in Melbourne, Australia, when the partners seek to purify exosomes derived from two proprietary AIRM cell line by applying Exopharm's Ligand-based Exosome Affinity Purification (LEAP™) technology platform . . .

The field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research has developed rapidly over the last decade from the study of fundamental biology to a subject of significant clinical relevance. The potential of harnessing EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases — including cancer and neurological and cardiovascular disorders — is now being recognized. Accordingly, the applications of EVs as therapeutic targets, biomarkers, novel drug delivery agents and standalone therapeutics are being actively explored. This Review provides a brief overview of the characteristics and physiological functions of the various classes of EV, focusing on their association with disease and emerging strategies for their therapeutic exploitation.

Ciloa will develop this new generation of vaccines, which will eventually target several major viruses that have no effective treatment to date (SARS-CoV-2, HIV, Chikungunya, Zika, Dengue, etc.) until the end of the regulatory preclinical phases. The preclinical phases of some of these vaccine candidates will be conducted in collaboration with the Institut Pasteur, with the objective of confirming the safety of the vaccine candidates as well as their ability to protect effectively against the virus.

Exosomes have been characterized using various techniques, including biophysical, molecular, and microfluidic methods. The exosomal size range is characterized using biophysical techniques.

Researchers at Uganda’s Makerere University’s College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES) have developed an experimental product that uses organic powder called hydrogels—manufactured substances that absorb water and hold it in the form of a gel— to absorb water in sandy soils. That keeps the dry soil wet for a plant’s survival for a longer period of time. By application of hydrogels, farmers are able to cultivate perennial crops, especially tree species, in dry lands.

Over the past few decades, several types of SH based on polysaccharides have been proposed for agriculture applications, due to their excellent hydrophilic properties (high swelling capacity and high swelling rate), excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Due to the low cost, abundance, and eco-friendly properties, the polysaccharides are pointed as substitutes of petroleum derivatives in the preparation of SH. The high water absorption of these materials is attributed to the interconnected superpore structures with diameters of several hundred microns, creating open channels that allow for capillary action. Additionally, when are added in the soil, SH reduces the irrigation water consumption and improve the soil’s physical properties. Accordingly, the SH act as water reservoir, releasing the water in a controlled way to soil or directly to vegetal specimens. Another advantages related to use of SH in agriculture is to lower the death rate of plants and increase output of crops in arid belts.

The human eye has a complex anatomical and physiological structure that includes both mechanical and chemical barriers that complicate drug delivery to the eye (Figure 1A). Three main routes are available for local ocular drug delivery: topical, periocular (subconjunctival, sub-tenon, peribulbar etc.), and intravitreal (Figure 1B). Some rarely used additional routes of local ocular drug delivery (including subretinal and suprachoroidal) are also available (Figure 1B). The drug bioavailability depends on the route of drug administration into the eye. Therefore, the anatomical and physiological features of the eye must be taken into account when designing drug delivery systems.

L'hydrogel stabilise l'antigène vaccinique et peut simuler la structure de tissu humain. Les réticulations covalentes signifient qu'elles ne sont pas facilement absorbées, et doivent pour cette raison être implantées ou bien administrées en tant que systèmes complexes qui permettent la polymérisation in situ dans l'hôte.
Ceci limite le nombre et le type de molécules compatibles de cargaison. Ainsi, des hydrogels spécialisés qui peuvent être injectés au lieu et qui peuvent relâcher des molécules sur une longue période ont été étudiés.

Emulium® Illustro est un émulsionnant eau-dans-huile hautement compatible avec les pigments et les filtres UV, mais également avec une large gamme d’ingrédients cosmétiques. Sans PEG et approuvé COSMOS, ce nouvel ingrédient répond parfaitement aux attentes des consommateurs en termes de naturalité et aux exigences des formulateurs grâce à sa performance et sa flexibilité.

The ideal peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) should have a physiologic electrolyte and buffer composition and be supplemented with an osmotic agent that is nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, and not rapidly absorbed to the plasma compartment, but if so, then rapidly metabolized. Furthermore, it should produce steady osmotic ultrafiltration (UF) over the course of a dwell. So far, glucose (G) has been the universally used osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis (PD), based on its relative efficiency, low cost, safety, and rapid metabolism in plasma. In addition, commercially available PDFs containing icodextrin (ICO) or amino acids (AAs) have been in clinical use for a long time.