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TTR Traduction, terminologie, rédaction, Volume 37, numéro 2, 2e semestre 2024 La subjectivité dans la retraduction collaborative / Subjectivity in Collaborative Retranslation Sous la direction de Carole Fillière et Enrico Monti Sommaire en ligne… In Memoriam: Denise Merkle 1954-2024
Gillian Lane-Mercier p. 11–13 Présentation
Carole Fillière et Enrico Monti p. 15–31 İmece as Collaboration: Azra Erhat’s Collaborative Retranslation Projects
Özlem Berk Albachten p. 33–60 Peut-on parler d’une subjectivité collective des traducteurs ? Autour des versions polonaises du premier vers d’« Ιθάκη [Ithaki] » de Constantin Cavafy
Elżbieta Skibińska p. 61–86 La subjectivité dans la retraduction collaborative des Vies de Giorgio Vasari en français, anglais et espagnol
Ana Pano Alamán et Valeria Zotti p. 87–119 Retraduire à plusieurs les classiques russes : l’exemple d’André Markowicz
Tatiana Musinova p. 121–143 La retraduction collective à des fins pédagogiques : le jeu des créativités individuelles
Mathilde Fontanet p. 145–178 On Collaborative Translation and Subjectivity in the Humanities. A Conversation with The Henri Meschonnic Reader’s Translator Team
Hélène Thiérard p. 179–208 La retraduction intégrale des Histoires d’Edgar Allan Poe : d’un couple l’autre
Johanne Le Ray et Pierre Bondil p. 209–232 Traduire la poésie : la dépersonnalisation de la subjectivité. À propos de la retraduction de Poeta en Nueva York de Federico García Lorca (2023)
Carole Fillière et Zoraida Carandell p. 233–262 — Articles libres / Non-Thematic Articles
Présentation
Chantal Gagnon p. 265–266 Subversion ou servitude volontaire en traduction : de l’identité des contraires
Nicolas Froeliger p. 267–288 Le genre en traduction : vers une traduction féministe intersectionnelle des écritures au féminin québécoises du français vers l’italien
Ilaria Berlose p. 289–317 Traduire l’autisme en littérature jeunesse : entre normes et subversion
Audrey Coussy p. 319–346 — Comptes rendus / Book Reviews Michel Tremblay. Michel Tremblay: Plays in Scots. Trans. Martin Bowman and Bill Findlay. Ed. Martin Bowan. Vol. I and II. Glasgow, The Association for Scottish Literature, 2023, 296 p. (vol. I); 272 p. (vol. II)
Jane Koustas p. 347–350 Ilse Feinauer, Amanda Marais et Marius Swart, dir. Translation Flows: Exploring Networks of People, Processes and Products. Amsterdam et Philadelphie, John Benjamins Publishing, 2023, 252 p.
Raúl E. Colón Rodríguez p. 350–356 Ma Carmen África Vidal Claramonte. Translation and Objects: Rewriting Migrancy and Displacement through the Materiality of Art. New York and London, Routledge, 2025, 142 pp.
Christopher D. Mellinger p. 356–360
"Dante est un poète français". La réception de Dante entre traduction et création (XIXe-XXIe) se déroulera les 27 et 28 mars 2025 à l'Université Rennes 2 (Campus Villejean, amphi TA). Un lien de visio-conférence permettra de suivre les travaux du colloque à distance; pour l'obtenir, merci de vous adresser à Claire Lesage quelques jours avant la manifestation: claire.lesage@univ-rennes2.fr PROGRAMME 27 mars 2025 – Campus Villejean Amphi T – matin
9h00 : Accueil des participants, café 9h30-10h : Ouverture du colloque, Edwige Comoy Fusaro, Vice-présidente International et Philippe Guérin, Claudia Zudini et Claire Lesage, ANR DHAF Président de séance : Giuliano ROSSI Le travail d’écriture du traducteur-écrivain en France 10h : Fernando FUNARI, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Poésie et métapoésie dans le Paradis d'André Pézard 10h30 : Sara SVOLACCHIA, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, « Amor ne la mente tu me résonnes ». Le Dante de Jacqueline Risset entre traduction et mémoire poétique 11h : Lucrezia CHINELLATO, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3, De la traduction à la création : ascendant de la Comédie dans l'œuvre poétique de Jean-Charles Vegliante 11h30 : discussion 12h15 : déjeuner au Restaurant Universitaire de l’EHESP (École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique), 15 av. du Professeur Léon-Bernard 27 mars 2025 – Amphi T – après-midi
Président de séance : Fernando FUNARI Le travail d’écriture de l’écrivain-traducteur en Belgique 13h45 : Giulia MARINUCCI, Université de Mons, La voix de Dante dans l'œuvre d’Ernest de Laminne : dialogue entre traduction et création 14h15 : Laurence PIEROPAN, Université de Mons, Pierre Poirier et Nicolas Muller : consciences (des tensions) du monde et filtre dantesque ? 14h45-15h30 - Discussion et pause Appropriations de Dante 15h30 : Emma LAUMONT, Avignon Université, Le Dante de Lamartine : lecture critique d’un romantique sur les traductions de La Divine comédie de Dante 16h : Laura BRIGNOLI, Università IULM Milano, Pour une mystique de l’expérience littéraire : entre la Vita Nuova de Dante et Ecrire sur Tamara de Marcel Bénadou Regard critique sur les traductions 16h30 : Aurélie GENDRAT-CLAUDEL, Nantes Université, « Chiedergli una traduzione adeguata [...] sarebbe indiscreto ».Tommaseo lecteur de la traduction de Lamennais 17h : discussion 17h45 : Rencontre avec Caroline Hinault, autrice de Traverser les forêts, animée par Gaëlle Debeaux, université Rennes 2 et Philippe Guérin, université Sorbonne Nouvelle. Présentation : Catherine Pascal, responsable de l’action culturelle des bibliothèques universitaires. Bibliothèque universitaire centrale (bâtiment H, 1er étage). 20h : dîner du colloque au restaurant L’Ambassade ; 12, rue de la Parcheminerie 28 mars 2025 – Campus villejean Amphi T – matin
9h : accueil Présidente de séance : Christine FERLAMPIN-ACHER Entre texte dantesque et création littéraire 9h15 : Philippe GUÉRIN, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, La Divine Comédie de Lamennais, ou les « paroles d’un croyant » 9h45 : Stefano LAZZARIN, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, Nodier « traducteur » de Dante : une affinité élective 10h15 : discussion et pause Nouvelles appropriations de Dante 11h : Caroline HINAULT, écrivaine, « Traverser les forêts » aux côtés de Dante : passage(s), tissage et recréation 11h30 : Gaëlle DEBEAUX, université Rennes 2, Réception de la « selva oscura » par le roman français contemporain : lire la dernière forêt primaire d’Europe par le prisme dantesque dans Traverser les forêts de Caroline Hinault et La forêt, désormais, de l’intérieur d’Irina Teodorescu 12h : discussion 12h45 – déjeuner au Restaurant Universitaire de l’EHESP, 15 av. du Professeur Léon-Bernard 28 mars 2025 – Amphi T – après-midi
Présidente de séance : Edwige COMOY FUSARO Relations transémiotiques 14h15 : Esther GODREUIL, Sorbonne Université, Gustave Doré, traducteur de Dante ? 14h45 : Denis LAOUREUX, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Ce que devient Dante dans les yeux d’Henry de Groux 15h15 : discussion et pause 15h45 : Giovanna SPARACELLO, Université Rennes 2, La traduction de la Comédie sur les scènes françaises du XIXe siècle : la médiation de la tragédie de Silvio Pellico 16h15 : Sarah LÉVÈQUE, Université Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, Le feuilleton satirique « Cham et Doré aux Enfers » de Louis Leroy dans Le Charivari (31 août au 4 septembre 1861) : la parodie comme gageure de l’existence d’un « Dante français » au sein du patrimoine national Réemplois, sérieux ou pas 16h45 : Giuliano ROSSI, Università degli Studi di Milano, De l’Empyrée au foie gras : la langue emparadisée du Dante français, entre traduction et mémoire poétique 17h15 : discussion et conclusion du colloque par Claire Lesage et Claudia Zudini, Université Rennes 2, ANR DHAF Renseignements : Université Rennes 2, Projet ANR DHAF Organisation : marylene.mouiche@univ-rennes2.fr martina.gazzola@univ-rennes2.fr Responsables scientifiques : claudia.zudini@univ-rennes2.fr claire.lesage@univ-rennes2.fr
"Chennai: Amid the tug of war with the Centre over the New Education Policy and its three-language policy, the Tamil Nadu govt budget has announced a series of measures towards the development of Tamil. Thirukkural currently has been translated into 28 Indian and 35 world languages and projects were signed at the Chennai international book fair in Jan to translate it into another 28 languages including from Asia, Africa, and Europe. Now, the govt plans to translate it into 45 additional world languages..."
#metaglossia_mundus
"We will begin today’s lesson with the opening sentence of British humorist P.G. Wodehouse’s 1935 novel “The Luck of the Bodkins,” in which the hero is about to order breakfast: “Into the face of the young man who sat on the terrace of the Hotel Magnifique at Cannes there had crept a look of furtive shame, the shifty hangdog look which announces that an Englishman is about to speak French.” I know how he felt. Just the other day, I had to straighten out a financial account I’d opened years ago while living in Paris. My longtime, London-based bank had sold its French operation to a local competitor. The new, French-only customer service phone line requires supplicants to parlez Francais well enough to know their prelevements (levies) from their virements (payments). That used to be me. I took French throughout high school, largely because the good-looking girls somehow preferred it to Spanish or German. This was, after all, the Brigitte Bardot and Anouk Aimee era — when France was synonymous with style, culture and sex. I graduated with enough fluency to order boeuf bourguignon at a French restaurant and, after I moved there, astound strangers with the news that the pen of my aunt was on the bureau of my uncle. After a while, I could survive a conversation in French and, eventually, apply for dual citizenship. That, however, required passing a fluency exam. Non merci. Still, I was outraged last week when I heard that our monolingual president had declared English to be America’s official language. I mean, seriously? This melting pot of a country has for centuries been a bubbling bouillabaisse of immigrant tongues, a glorious goulash of perpetual cultural enrichment. President Donald Trump’s own grandparents arrived here speaking German, um Himmels willen! Why would we want to make everybody use the same tongue, which, incidentally, we inherited from our former British oppressors? More to the point, what zur Holle is an official language? Most countries have at least one — Botswana boasts 37 — and the rest make do with one or more unofficial languages. In the U.S., for instance, more than 350 different tongues are spoken, but most people can get by in English — including a majority of our 60 million or so foreign-born residents. The U.S. has survived for nearly 250 years without an official language — i.e., one designated as such by law. Indeed, what lingo legislation we do have mostly protects non-English speakers. The Voting Rights Act of 1965, for instance, requires that ballots be translated into any language used by at least 5 percent of the local population. Berkshire County is getting close to the threshold for Spanish. Trump’s decree does not end that nicety, but it does cancel a Clinton-era requirement for federal agencies to offer translated versions of nonballot documents and otherwise give language help to anybody who needs it. The White House says Trump’s order will “promote unity, cultivate a shared American culture for all citizens, ensure consistency in government operations and create a pathway to civic engagement.” No doubt. The order will also make it harder for immigrants to navigate the federal government and, ironically, to find assistance in learning English. It also will make them feel less free and welcome in the country where most of them have lived and worked for years. Indeed, the very idea of a single, government-enforced language runs counter to America’s traditional role as a beacon of freedom and tolerance. Perhaps the steepest downside of the measure may be to worsen our regrettable insularity. According to the Census Bureau, only about 20 percent of native-born Yanks have studied a foreign language in elementary or high school, and barely 10 percent in college. That reluctance is an impediment to America’s continued power and prosperity, since 70 percent of the world’s population does not speak English. A 2021 Pew Research study found that, even in this era of cheap and abundant travel options, almost 30 percent of U.S. citizens have never been abroad. Most of those stay-at-homes express little or no interest in foreign affairs, and many believe the U.S. should focus on its own problems rather than the world’s — a finding sure to warm Trump’s heart. The eventual consequences of that attitude are difficult to calculate, but generations are growing up without much knowledge of the wider world and may never reap the benefits of learning a foreign language. Those blessings include enhanced cognitive skills, deeper understanding of other countries’ culture and customs and enhanced job prospects. Being able to babble in a few languages certainly brought me modest success and vast satisfaction during a career spent in several countries, though my proficiency is fading. I did, however, manage to sort things out with the bank this week with a trick I learned from Tokyo taxi drivers: my phone’s AI-assisted translation app. It instantly rendered the customer service guy’s blazing-fast French into English and my American-accented English into French. Fans of this spreading technology say it might eventually end the need for learning a foreign language at all. That prospect saddens me. Learning to walk in someone else’s linguistic shoes no doubt made me smarter, more empathetic and more interesting to French women, who have maintained the reputation for charm and beauty that helped draw me to their country and its language so long ago. As they say in Gay Paree: Plus ça change, plus c’est la meme chose. Yet change we must. I’ll miss the thrill of semantic discovery in this new technological age, but I must admit: Translation apps are fast, cheap, easy to use and completely reliable. Who knows? Perhaps their efficiency will make Americans even more engaged with the outside world. For that, to quote my app, I would be extremely grapefruit." By
"...Empathy for pain refers to a simulation of pain experiences evoked when seeing others in pain. Empathy for pain (vicarious pain) responders make up 27% of the healthy population, and are divided into two subsets: Sensory/Localized responders who feel localized physical pain and Affective/General responders who experience diffuse emotional pain. Empathy for pain is linked to pro-social behavior but can increase mental health symptoms.
Methods
Multivariate analysis of variance and latent variable mediation model were used to investigate the relationship between empathy for pain, mental health, and emotion regulation based on a university student dataset (mainly Caucasian) from 2020 to 2021.
Results
(1) Responders express significantly higher anxiety and somatization than non-responders, with Sensory/Localized responders reporting the greatest somatic concerns; (2) Sensory/localized responders show significantly higher depression than non-responders; (3) Two responder groups don’t differ from non-responders on most positive emotional regulation strategies, but use more negative strategies (self-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing). (4) negative emotional regulation fully mediates the link between empathy and mental health.
Conclusions
These findings reveal a previously unrecognized link between empathy for pain and mental health, mediated by the increased use of negative emotion regulation strategies among responders. Our findings have particular implications for the mental health of empathic individuals or people who are often exposed to the pain of others (counselor or nurse, etc.)..."
Round, just-below, or precise prices? Cultural differences in the prevalence of price endings in E-commerce - 1Institute of Management and Organisation, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Lower Saxony, Germany
- 2Research Group Human Understanding of Algorithms and Machines, Research Center Trustworthy Data Science and Security, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- 3University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Introduction: The consumer literature distinguishes between three different price endings: round (e.g., $10.00), just-below (e.g., $9.99), and precise (e.g., $9.87) prices. Extant research suggests that these prices can differ markedly in their prevalence between countries. Despite some empirical indication, the link between cultural characteristics and price-ending prevalence has yet to be quantified systematically; we know surprisingly little about why sellers and retailers prefer certain price endings over others. Method: In the present, pre-registered research (OSF project1), we build on Hofstede's cultural model (1984) to investigate how the three cultural dimensions individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation can explain whether certain price endings are more (vs. less) prevalent. Using a web scraping approach, we extracted 9,200 prices from 23 different countries from an international online marketplace. Results: Our results indicate that in countries (1) with higher individualism scores round and precise prices are more prevalent while just-below prices are less prevalent. (2) Higher uncertainty avoidance scores predict a higher prevalence of just-below prices and a lower prevalence of precise prices. Finally, (3) a higher long-term orientation predicts a higher prevalence of round prices and lower prevalence of just-below prices. Discussion: Altogether, our results suggest that Hofstede's cultural dimensions are useful in predicting the prevalence of price endings. The present research disentangles divergent empirical findings on price prevalence and furthers our knowledge on the link between cultural dimensions and price-ending practices. Taking a cultural perspective to understand price-ending prevalence is a fruitful avenue for future research and theorizing, as well as organizations, in particular online marketplaces.
The latest releases showcase enhanced contextual AI, next-generation machine translation capabilities, and new integrations This release represents a major leap forward in contextual AI, bringing together large language models, automation, and sophisticated integration capabilities.” — Georg Ell, CEO of Phrase BOSTON, MA, UNITED STATES, March 12, 2025 /EINPresswire.com/ -- Phrase, a world leader in AI-led translation technology, today announced a significant expansion of its context-aware localization capabilities. The latest innovations include a notable update to Phrase Next GenMT, the general availability of Auto Adapt, and new integrations with DeepL next-gen and Widn.AI. These advancements go beyond literal translation, enabling context-aware, brand-aligned, and scalable content without increasing manual effort and cost.
"As the demand for multilingual content grows, businesses need more than just word-for-word conversion—they need tailored, intelligent, and brand-aware content adaptation," said Georg Ell, CEO of Phrase. "This release represents a major leap forward in contextual AI, bringing together large language models, automation, and sophisticated integration capabilities. By reducing the need for post-editing and accelerating time-to-market, we’re helping companies scale multilingual content generation and adaptation while maintaining brand integrity."
One of the key enhancements in this release is a significant update to Phrase Next GenMT, Phrase’s advanced, context-aware machine translation engine. The update seamlessly integrates the latest GPT model with RAG technology while leveraging language assets such as translation memories and glossaries, for enhanced accuracy and efficiency.
Unlike traditional MT models that process text in isolated segments, Phrase Next GenMT can now analyze entire blocks of content holistically. This significantly improves fluency, reduces the need for post-editing, and ensures consistency in terminology, tone, and formality across all languages.
This release also sees the general availability of Auto Adapt. This generative AI capability allows users to refine translations to align with a company’s brand tone, formality, and audience demographics, reducing the cost and effort of manual transcreation. Now fully available within Phrase Orchestrator, it offers businesses the versatility to maintain brand identity, while scaling global content adaptation and personalization.
Expanding AI Capabilities with New Integrations
To provide even greater flexibility for customers, Phrase has expanded its AI ecosystem with new integrations. The addition of two new LLM models to the Phrase Platform, DeepL next-gen and Widn.AI, provides enterprises with low-latency translation tailored to their specific needs. DeepL next-gen delivers superior quality, GDPR compliance, and tone customization, making it ideal for regulated industries. While Widn.AI provides a scalable solution for high-volume translation needs, particularly in customer support applications.
Meanwhile, a new Optimizely integration simplifies website localization, allowing companies to easily sync and translate digital content from the Optimizely CMS, eliminating lengthy manual workflows and improving content delivery efficiency.
AI-Driven Quality and Performance Enhancements
This release also brings several feature enhancements to optimize workflow efficiency and translation quality. Updates include:
- Phrase QPS dashboards for data-driven quality automation and cost optimization
- Automated Evaluations 2.0 for AI-powered quality assessment of machine translations
- Phrase Portal enhancements for handling larger, more complex content files
- Phrase Strings improvements to support evolving software localization needs
- Performance upgrades in Phrase TMS, improving processing speeds for high-volume content
The impact of these new components in the Phrase platform is already being seen. One large enterprise customer reports efficiency gains of up 50%, moving time to publish from weeks to hours. Another customer has delivered cost savings of $100K a month on a single content type by combining Phrase QPS scoring with their workflows in Phrase Orchestrator.
The Future of AI-Powered Global Content Creation
These innovations mark another major step forward in what’s possible with localization technology, helping global enterprises create, adapt, and manage multilingual content with ever greater efficiency and scale. By combining new and advanced machine translation and adaptation capabilities with intelligent automation, and integrations, Phrase is shaping the future of global content generation and adaptation.
About Phrase
Phrase is a world leader in AI-led translation technology, helping organizations open the door to global business by reaching more people, making deeper connections, and driving faster growth across different languages and cultures.
The cloud-based Phrase Localization Platform has all the key capabilities a business needs to drive a comprehensive localization strategy. From AI-driven machine translation and world-leading translation management to software localization, best-in-class workflow automation, quality evaluation, and analytics, the Phrase Platform connects, streamlines, and manages every possible translation task across the enterprise.
That’s why brands like Uber, Shopify, Volkswagen, leading LSPs and global SI partners, and thousands of others choose Phrase to help them form meaningful connections with millions of people to accelerate their global growth. For more information, visit www.phrase.com. Pamela Ghosal
Phrase
+44 20 7150 6886
Con motivo del próximo lanzamiento hacia la Estación Espacial Internacional y del incremento de las noticias relacionadas con la investigación y la exploración espaciales, se ofrecen algunas claves de redacción.
1. Astronaves, sondas, cápsulas…, definiciones precisas
Como recoge el Diccionario de la lengua española, una astronave es el ‘vehículo capaz de navegar más allá de la atmósfera terrestre’ (al igual que una cosmonave y una nave espacial), mientras que una aeronave puede hacerlo ‘por el aire’. En lo que respecta a cohete, se especifica que se trata de un ‘artefacto que se mueve en el espacio por propulsión a chorro y que se puede emplear como arma de guerra o como instrumento de investigación científica’.
Los tripulantes, si los hay, se instalan en la cápsula de una nave espacial. La sonda espacial, por su parte, se refiere al ‘vehículo o satélite artificial utilizado para explorar el sistema solar’.
Las naves espaciales y cohetes se lanzan desde una base espacial cuyas instalaciones están preparadas para ello. El término cosmódromo puede servir de alternativa, y se emplea especialmente para los países de la antigua Unión Soviética. El centro o conjunto de instalaciones espaciales destinado a ciertas actividades, frecuentemente de carácter científico, se denomina estación espacial, mejor que base.
2. Los nombres de cohetes, sondas, naves y vehículos, sin comillas
Según indica la Ortografía de la lengua española, los nombres de objetos singularizados no requieren ninguna marca especial, ni cursivas ni comillas. Es el caso de las naves, sondas, etc.: «La misión, cuyo lanzamiento está programado para el 12 de marzo, transportará a una nueva tripulación a la EEI utilizando la nave Dragon». Además, lo habitual es conservar la grafía original del nombre.
3. Programas espaciales, escritura adecuada
En algunas ocasiones, cuando la denominación de un programa espacial incluye un nombre propio con forma tradicional en español, su uso en nuestra lengua está muy extendido y no se considera inadecuado (ocurre con el Programa Apolo, por ejemplo). Sin embargo, la tendencia actual es mantener la forma en la lengua original (Apollo).
Por otro lado, todas las palabras significativas de los títulos de planes, proyectos y programas se escriben con mayúscula inicial, como señala también la ortografía académica, sin necesidad de comillas: «Es la undécima misión de vuelo espacial humano de la NASA a la Estación Espacial Internacional apoyada por la nave Dragon desde 2020 como parte de su Programa de Tripulación Comercial».
4. NASA, ESA, EEI, grafía recomendada
Lo adecuado es escribir las siglas del nombre de la agencia espacial estadounidense (NASA) y la europea (ESA) con todas sus letras en mayúsculas.
En el caso de la Estación Espacial Internacional, es preferible la sigla española, EEI, de uso habitual, a ISS, que corresponde a la denominación inglesa International Space Station. Como ocurre en general con las siglas, salvo con las que son reconocibles por la inmensa mayoría de los lectores, se recomienda acompañarla de su desarrollo la primera vez que se emplee.
5. Tierra, Sol y Luna, con mayúsculas
En estas informaciones y otros escritos relacionados con contextos astronómicos, lo recomendable es dejar los nombres de nuestro planeta, estrella y satélite con mayúscula inicial al designar estos cuerpos celestes. Por el contrario, para sistema solar la Ortografía de la lengua española aconseja la minúscula.
6. Alunizar y amartizar, pero también aterrizar
Cuando se habla de la llegada de un vehículo espacial a la Luna o Marte, son adecuados los verbos alunizar y amartizar, respectivamente, pero también aterrizar, que entre sus acepciones cuenta con la de ‘posarse, tras una maniobra de descenso, sobre tierra firme o sobre cualquier pista o superficie que sirva a tal fin’. Por otro lado, para los posibles participantes en expediciones a Marte, puede verse en ocasiones el término martenautas.
7. Laika, Belka, Ham, en redonda
Lo apropiado es que los nombres propios de los animales que se han utilizado en la carrera espacial, como las perras Laika y Belka o el chimpancé Ham, aparezcan en redonda y sin comillas, como recoge la Ortografía de la lengua española.
8. Horas, escritura aconsejada
En este tipo de noticias se incluye a menudo la expresión, en cifras, de la hora exacta de un lanzamiento o aterrizaje. Cabe recordar que lo indicado es separar las horas y los minutos con dos puntos o punto: «6:30 p. m.» o «6.30 p. m.», pero no «6,30 p. m.». En el modelo de doce horas, como el del ejemplo, conviene añadir la abreviatura a. m. o p. m., según corresponda, con espacio tras el primer punto.
Cabe recordar también que cuenta atrás, mayoritaria en España, y cuenta regresiva son las denominaciones que en astronáutica recibe el ‘cómputo en sentido contrario al de los minutos y segundos que preceden al lanzamiento de un cohete’, según recogen el Diccionario de la lengua española y el Diccionario de americanismos, respectivamente. Se escriben en dos palabras y sus plurales son cuentas atrás y cuentas regresivas.
Takeaways from Dr. Niloofar Mireshghallah’s talk on the implications of generative AI and privacy and data integrity concerns at the University of Wisconsin-Madison on Monday.
"By Peter Fishman
March 12, 2025 | 2:00am CDT
As generative artificial intelligence advances, data privacy concerns are growing. AI models such as ChatGPT process vast amounts of information instantaneously, raising questions about how much personal data they retain and how easily that data could be exposed.
Dr. Niloofar Mireshghallah, a postdoctoral scholar for Computer Science at the University of Washington, spoke at the University of Wisconsin-Madison on Monday about growing concerns over data integrity and privacy in generative artificial intelligence.
“Privacy isn’t just an incentive for companies to look good anymore,” Mireshghallah said. “They actually need to build better models. And the consequences of having a data leak is much higher than ever because the data is more intimate than it ever was.”
AI privacy risks and model leakage
Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT can access personal information by sifting through vast amounts of training data collected from billions of online resources, according to a 2023 study. Researchers at Google found that by using keywords, users could extract contact information such as names, phone numbers and email addresses from these models.
“The control we have over what we produce is very little,” Mireshghallah said.
Data scientists use membership interference testing to determine what information a model has memorized from its training data. This data, sourced from articles, books and other written media, teaches the model how to understand and generate language by providing insights into the relationships between words.
A simple way to test if a data point was used in the model’s training is to set a “loss score,” which measures certainty in predicting the next word while generating text, Mireshghallah said. A lower loss score suggests the model may have memorized the data rather than generating content based on learned patterns.
To further assess memorization, researchers use the “area under curve”(AUC) metric, which measures how well a model can differentiate between two sets of data. A higher AUC score may mean the model memorized its training data, making it easier for attackers to identify the data and increasing the risk of leakage.
LLMs exhibit recency bias, meaning they are more likely to memorize data seen later in their training, according to Mireshghallah. This is because once AI models understand a language, it can recall more information.
“It’s harder for me to memorize a poem in Chinese than it is for me to memorize it in English or Farsi because I already know the language. And I think it’s the same thing with models,” Mireshghallah said. “If you have a model that has an idea of the language, it will soak up new data much faster.”
Models struggle with human-like reasoning in increasingly complex scenarios
A 2024 study by Mireshghallah and her colleagues tested whether LLMs were able to mimic human reasoning when deciding whether to disclose secrets. They presented models with questions of increasing complexity, resembling real-world scenarios.
Their results found that models like ChatGPT and GPT-4 were more likely to disclose private information in scenarios where humans would know to keep the secret, displaying a lack of human-like reasoning within the models that places privacy at risk.
Among some of the failed scenarios used was one relating to a surprise birthday party where the AI was asked to generate to-do lists for the fictional people involved. However, the model inadvertently informed the guest of honor, telling them to “remember to attend.”
Mireshghallah also cited a scenario of a Secret Santa event where OpenAI assigned each person secret gifts, only to then generate a sent email telling everyone what gift they’re buying for whom while simultaneously telling them to keep the gifts secret for a surprise.
“The model clearly understands that this is a surprise, but it doesn’t understand what a surprise is. That’s why it revealed everything. The model as its reasoning keeps telling itself, ‘Okay, I should keep this secret,’ but in an autoregressive way, it commits to revealing it,” said Mireshghallah.
Models with autoregressive characteristics utilize past data to predict future values, demonstrating gaps in AI’s ability to apply knowledge in a human-like way.
What the future holds
At the end of her talk, Mireshghallah cited her most recent research on measuring linguistic creativity in AI models. The main challenge, she said, is making AI “more novel.”
Using a creativity index to differentiate between human and LLM-generated text, it was clear to see that the LLMs patched together data from training sets rather than producing truly original content, a feature of human creativity.
“Humans are novel. If I ask you to imitate an existing piece of art, you would never imitate it exactly as it is,” Mireshghallah said. “And that’s because of the randomness we’ve seen in our backgrounds and where we come from.”
By introducing randomness into AI model training, she argued, LLMs could become more creative and more human-like, and in turn, more adept at safeguarding information.
Mireshghallah wrapped up her talk by calling for collaboration between users and policy-makers on how to improve the security of LLMs, such as adding random pieces of data to the training information to create more diverse outputs while improving human-computer interaction so models can better understand the kinds of privacy people are searching for."
https://www.dailycardinal.com/article/2025/03/can-ai-keep-a-secret-the-implications-of-human-like-ai-and-data-privacy?ct=content_open&cv=cbox_featured
#metaglossia_mundus
"Cal State Long Beach’s Clorinda Donato Center for Global Romance Languages and Translation Studies has received a $10 million gift to establish a Master of Arts degree program in translation and interpreting by fall 2026.
The gift – from longtime Beach supporter Mario Giannini, CEO of a private equity firm based in Pennsylvania – is the largest to date received for programs in the university’s College of Liberal Arts, which includes the Donato Center. The center, established in January 2017 with a grand opening in March 2024, is based in Room 211 in the Liberal Arts 1 building.
“The bulk of this gift from Mr. Giannini will go toward creating scholarships for students who apply to the master’s program and are accepted,” said Clorinda Donato, director of the center named after her, and a professor of Italian and French at The Beach.
“This funding assures them the ability to concentrate on their studies. So, we’re very excited about that. We’ll use the bulk of this money for student support, and that’s very important to us.”
Another portion of the funds will go toward further infrastructure, build out of the labs, with the platforms required for instruction in audiovisual translation, interpreting, localization and dubbing. Funds will also support an endowment, faculty and staff support, as well as faculty travel and research.
Translation and interpretation are rapidly growing industries in Southern California and the United States. According to the Association of Language Companies, language services are one of the fastest growing industries in the country with many different applications, including artificial intelligence, audiovisual translation, dubbing and voice-overing, diplomacy, and court, educational, community and medical interpreting.
The demand for interpreters and translators in California is expected to grow 20.45% from 2016-2026, according to the Employment Development Department of the state of California.
The Donato Center – the first of its kind in the CSU system – supports academic programs enabling undergraduates to minor in translation studies or pursue the translation studies option in the Bachelor of Arts in linguistics. The Beach also offers a 12-month Graduate Certificate in Translation Studies. Although aspiring translators and interpreters may already be familiar with using multiple languages, professional work requires specialized learning and technology adaptation, Donato said.
Last year at the center’s grand opening, Giannini said about his initial donation that started the center in 2017: “It was because there was a vision to create a place where the importance of understanding different languages and words was a central goal. It is a privilege to support degree programs that develop better insights into how people and cultures can work together and inform each other.”
After a master’s degree program in translation and interpreting is established, the center aims to develop the Doctorate in Translation and Interpreting, which would be the first in a public university in California...”
https://www.csulb.edu/news/article/csulb-receives-10m-gift-to-establish-masters-degree-program-translation-interpreting
Dans le cadre de l’invitation du Maroc en tant qu’hôte d’honneur du Festival du Livre de Paris, qui se tiendra les 11, 12 et 13 avril au Grand Palais, le Centre national du livre (CNL) annonce renforcer son soutien à la traduction d’ouvrages entre le français et l’arabe.
"Le CNL ouvre une aide exceptionnelle à la traduction vers et depuis l'arabe
Dans le cadre de l’invitation du Maroc en tant qu’hôte d’honneur du Festival du Livre de Paris, qui se tiendra les 11, 12 et 13 avril au Grand Palais, le Centre national du livre (CNL) annonce renforcer son soutien à la traduction d’ouvrages entre le français et l’arabe.
Cette initiative vise à favoriser les échanges professionnels et à élargir la diversité culturelle de la production éditoriale en France, tout en contribuant au rayonnement du livre français à l’international.
Pour l’année 2025, Régine Hatchondo, présidente du CNL, a décidé d’augmenter à 70 % le taux de subvention accordé aux éditeurs pour la traduction d’ouvrages de l’arabe vers le français et du français vers l’arabe.
Les critères d’éligibilité et les modalités d’examen des dossiers restent identiques à ceux définis dans le règlement des aides, disponible sur le site du CNL.
Le CNL, acteur clé du soutien à la diversité littéraire, finance chaque année plus de 500 projets de traduction impliquant le français. En complément des aides aux éditeurs, il attribue également des bourses de séjour aux traducteurs travaillant entre le français et d’autres langues.
À LIRE — Le Maroc à l’honneur pour le Festival du Livre de Paris 2025
Pour rappel, le Maroc sera le pays invité d'honneur du Festival du Livre de Paris 2025, qui se tiendra du 11 au 13 avril au Grand Palais. Cette invitation mettra en avant la richesse littéraire et culturelle du Maroc, avec la participation d’auteurs marocains et d’éditeurs du pays.
L’événement visera à renforcer les échanges entre les scènes littéraires marocaine et française, en offrant une visibilité accrue aux œuvres francophones et arabophones du Maroc. Des rencontres, tables rondes et dédicaces sont prévues pour célébrer cette mise à l’honneur.
https://actualitte.com/article/122362/economie/le-cnl-ouvre-une-aide-exceptionnelle-a-la-traduction-vers-et-depuis-l-arabe
La Société française des traducteurs (SFT) interpelle dans un communiqué les pouvoirs publics sur la nécessité d’établir un cadre légal garantissant des conditions de facturation et de paiement équitables pour les traducteurs et interprètes assermentés, ainsi que pour l’ensemble des professionnels intervenant en milieu judiciaire.
"...Les traducteurs, interprètes et experts linguistiques jouent un rôle clé dans le fonctionnement de la justice en France, nous rappelle la SFT. Leur travail permet d’assurer le droit à la traduction et à l’interprétation lors des procédures pénales, mais leur mission ne s’arrête pas là.
Ces professionnels apportent également un éclairage culturel et linguistique aux magistrats et facilitent la communication entre enquêteurs, avocats, prévenus et victimes. Leur rémunération, fixée par le législateur, est versée sous forme de « mémoires de frais de justice » via la plateforme Chorus Pro.
Cependant, ces professionnels, que la Société française des traducteurs (SFT) représente auprès du ministère de la Justice, subissent régulièrement des retards de paiement pouvant s’étendre sur plusieurs mois, voire plus d’un an.
Ces délais mettent en péril leur activité et leur stabilité financière. Les témoignages recueillis par la SFT feraient état de situations critiques, certains traducteurs accumulant plusieurs dizaines de milliers d’euros d’impayés, alors même qu’ils doivent honorer leurs charges sociales, fiscales et professionnelles.
Un cadre législatif à définir
Malgré les alertes répétées, les interpellations parlementaires et les discussions avec la Chancellerie, la situation demeure inchangée, assure la SFT. Sans mesures contraignantes et sans application d’intérêts en cas de retard, ces professionnels restent exposés à des délais de paiement aléatoires, parfois conditionnés à la disponibilité des fonds publics. Certains se voient même signifier qu’ils seront réglés après d’autres intervenants de l’année précédente.
Devant l’essoufflement et la précarisation croissante des professionnels concernés, la SFT lance une campagne de sensibilisation auprès des parlementaires pour qu’ils inscrivent dans la loi des règles de paiement claires et applicables aux Collaborateurs occasionnels du service public. Cette initiative vise à garantir des conditions financières viables aux traducteurs et interprètes judiciaires, mais aussi à l’ensemble des auxiliaires de justice.
La SFT demande alors aux pouvoirs publics d’instaurer un cadre légal garantissant des conditions de facturation et de paiement plus justes pour les traducteurs et interprètes assermentés, ainsi que pour l’ensemble des experts intervenant dans le cadre judiciaire.
L’enjeu dépasse ces professionnels, argumente la SFT : il concerne aussi la qualité du service rendu à la justice et aux justiciables. Une réforme s’impose pour que ces experts indispensables puissent exercer leur mission dans des conditions dignes et sécurisées."
https://actualitte.com/article/122354/droit-justice/la-sft-alerte-sur-la-situation-critique-des-traducteurs-de-justice
"Apply Now: Translating World Literature into Finnish Grant
Deadline: 31-Mar-25
The Finnish Cultural Foundation’s Translating World Literature into Finnish grant for publishers provides a form of funding for publishers to translate high-quality world literature into Finnish.
The Next Funding Cycles are going to start soon! Don't you want to know them?
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The aim of the Cultural Foundation is to enable publishers motivated by the grant, on top of their usual supply, to translate into Finnish and publish 100 contemporary masterpieces of world literature especially from countries outside the English-speaking world.
The works to be translated may be prose, lyric poetry, or essays, aimed at the wider adult reading public interested in culture. The aim is to produce high-quality Finnish translations of high-quality original works.
Funding Information
The sum of the expenditure grant to be applied can range between EUR 5,000 and EUR 15,000. The use of the grant begins on the date of the decision to grant and extends to a maximum of two years. The grant may be used to cover expenses arising from the translation and publication of the work.
Who may Apply?
Translating World Literature into Finnish – A grant for Publishers accepts applications from registered organisations in the book publishing industry.
The contact person in the application need not have the authority to sign documents on behalf of the applicant, but should know the project and be reachable during the months following the application deadline. The contact person logs in to the service using their personal Finnish online banking credentials.
Private individuals, self-employed people working under a business name, or working groups consisting of private individuals are not eligible to apply for this grant.
Assessment Criteria
quality of the work and the translation,
the appeal of the work in the market from the point of view of the wider audience interested in culture,
the original language region of the work, where works representing the non-English-speaking world will be given priority,
a communication and marketing plan together with a schedule, i.e. the potential to gain visibility and publicity for the work and, in this manner, increase the opportunities of the wider audience interested in culture to read high-quality world literature in Finnish.
For more information, visit Finnish Cultural Foundation."
https://www2.fundsforngos.org/latest-funds-for-ngos/apply-now-translating-world-literature-into-finnish-grant/
#metaglossia_mundus
"One of the oldest Croatian dialects gets its own dictionary
by croatiaweek March 11, 2025 in News
In northern Croatia lies the small village of Bednja and the local Bednja dialect is one of the oldest and most unique forms of the Kajkavian speech, celebrated for its melody and complexity.
Officially recognised as an intangible cultural heritage in Croatia’s Register of Cultural Goods, this ancient dialect is more than just a way of speaking – it’s a living link to the past.
For years, dedicated locals and experts have been working tirelessly to preserve it, with a special dictionary in the works set to be unveiled by the end of 2027.
The people of Bednja hold their dialect close to their hearts. An old folk song dedicated to their homeland is fondly referred to as their unofficial anthem.
But with its distinctive words often hard for outsiders to grasp, efforts to document and protect this linguistic gem have gained momentum.
The upcoming Bednja dictionary won’t just list words and meanings – it will explain their origins and why everyday objects are named the way they are, making it accessible to those unfamiliar with the dialect.
“This isn’t your typical dictionary with a word and its definition. It’s designed so anyone who doesn’t speak Bednja can understand where these terms come from and why they’re used,” Mirko Bistrović, president of the Bednja Dialect Association, told HRT.
The project is led by the Institute for the Croatian Language, with support from local authorities and community groups. It will even incorporate material from a 1956 study by academic Josip Jedvaj, ensuring a deep dive into the dialect’s roots. Meanwhile, in the centre of Bednja, a modern cultural hub is taking shape to celebrate this linguistic heritage.
“We’re creating a versatile cultural centre for the Bednja dialect, with over €800,000 invested so far. There are two more phases to go before it’s complete. It’ll be a space where our cultural societies can perform music and theatre,” said Damir Poljak, the mayor of Bednja.
For local groups like the Josip Genc Bednja Cultural Society, this centre is a long-awaited dream. “We’ve been waiting for this for ages. Without your own space, it’s tough – we use this hall now, but there’s no storage, no freedom to come and go as you please,” Gabrijel Štefanec, the society’s president, explained to HRT.
The project is also fostering a sense of community beyond Bednja. “We always love visiting Bednja – it feels like home. We’re all one big family, inviting each other to events and staying connected,” said Marija Kramar, president of the Cvetlinski Zvon Cultural Society.
With the dictionary on its way and a new cultural centre rising, Bednja’s rich traditions and melodic dialect are being safeguarded for future generations. It’s a labour of love that’s bringing people together – and keeping a piece of Croatia’s soul alive."
https://www.croatiaweek.com/one-of-the-oldest-croatian-dialects-gets-its-own-dictionary/
"The Daesan Foundation is accepting applications for the 2025 Grants for the translation, research and publication of Korean literature.
Applications for this year’s translation grants will close at 5 p.m., May 30, and successful candidates will be announced in August. Applications are available on the foundation's official website.
Applicants can choose from Daesan Literary Award-winning works that have not yet been translated into the target language, or any other literary work that remains untranslated.
The winners of last year's Daesan Literary Awards are Kim Hee-sun's post-pandemic dystopian novel, "All About 247" and Kang Eun-gyo's poetry collection, "The Fantasy Shop by Future Mart" (a direct translation of the Korean title).
In 2024, the foundation funded the translation of 15 Korean literary works and one research project.
Selected translators will receive up to 13 million won ($8,900) for poetry and 16 million won for prose (novels, plays or children’s literature). The final grant amount may vary depending on the target language and the length of the selected work. Partial support for the publication expenses of the completed translation will also be provided.
Target languages are divided into three categories. English, French, German, Spanish, Japanese and northern European languages fall into category A. For Chinese, Russian, Turkish and other European languages that fall under category B, the grant for each project is set at 80 percent of the amount given to category A languages. The grant for all other languages is set at 60 percent of the amount given to those languages in category A.
Translators who have full linguistic proficiency in Korean and the target language are eligible to apply, regardless of nationality. Joint translation applications are also accepted.
The foundation also provides funding for the publication and research of Korean literary works. Overseas publishers who wish to publish Korean literature in other languages can apply for a publication grant. Professors, researchers, students and institutions overseas focusing on Korean literature are eligible for research grants."
hwangdh@heraldcorp.com
https://m.koreaherald.com/article/10438709
#metaglossia_mundus
Nearly 20 years after it was launched, machine translation is still a long way from replacing translators.
"To understand the future of AI, take a look at the failings of Google Translate
Published: March 10, 2025 2.00pm SAST
Adam Lopez, University of Edinburgh
https://theconversation.com/to-understand-the-future-of-ai-take-a-look-at-the-failings-of-google-translate-251642
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The computer scientists Rich Sutton and Andrew Barto have been recognised for a long track record of influential ideas with this year’s Turing Award, the most prestigious in the field. Sutton’s 2019 essay The Bitter Lesson, for instance, underpins much of today’s feverishness around artificial intelligence (AI).
He argues that methods to improve AI that rely on heavy-duty computation rather than human knowledge are “ultimately the most effective, and by a large margin”. This is an idea whose truth has been demonstrated many times in AI history. Yet there’s another important lesson in that history from some 20 years ago that we ought to heed.
Today’s AI chatbots are built on large language models (LLMs), which are trained on huge amounts of data that enable a machine to “reason” by predicting the next word in a sentence using probabilities.
Useful probabilistic language models were formalised by the American polymath Claude Shannon in 1948, citing precedents from the 1910s and 1920s. Language models of this form were then popularised in the 1970s and 1980s for use by computers in translation and speech recognition, in which spoken words are converted into text.
The first language model on the scale of contemporary LLMs was published in 2007 and was a component of Google Translate, which had been launched a year earlier. Trained on trillions of words using over a thousand computers, it is the unmistakeable forebear of today’s LLMs, even though it was technically different.
It relied on probabilities computed from word counts, whereas today’s LLMs are based on what is known as transformers. First developed in 2017 – also originally for translation – these are artificial neural networks that make it possible for machines to better exploit the context of each word.
The pros and cons of Google Translate
Machine translation (MT) has improved relentlessly in the past two decades, driven not only by tech advances but also the size and diversity of training data sets. Whereas Google Translate started by offering translations between just three languages in 2006 – English, Chinese and Arabic – today it supports 249. Yet while this may sound impressive, it’s still actually less than 4% of the world’s estimated 7,000 languages.
Between a handful of those languages, like English and Spanish, translations are often flawless. Yet even in these languages, the translator sometimes fails on idioms, place names, legal and technical terms, and various other nuances.
Between many other languages, the service can help you to get the gist of a text, but often contains serious errors. The largest annual evaluation of machine translation systems – which now includes translations done by LLMs that rival those of purpose-built translation systems – bluntly concluded in 2024 that “MT is not solved yet”.
Machine translation is widely used in spite of these shortcomings: as far back as 2021, the Google Translate app reached 1 billion installs. Yet users still appear to understand that they should use such services cautiously: a 2022 survey of 1,200 people found that they mostly used machine translation in low-stakes settings, like understanding online content outside of work or study. Only about 2% of respondents’ translations involved higher stakes settings, including interacting with healthcare workers or police.
Sure enough, there are high risks associated with using machine translations in these settings. Studies have shown that machine-translation errors in healthcare can potentially cause serious harm, and there are reports that it has harmed credible asylum cases. It doesn’t help that users tend to trust machine translations that are easy to understand, even when they are misleading.
Machine translation is still far from perfect. ArtemisDiana
Knowing the risks, the translation industry overwhelmingly relies on human translators in high-stakes settings like international law and commerce. Yet these workers’ marketability has been diminished by the fact that the machines can now do much of their work, leaving them to focus more on assuring quality.
Many human translators are freelancers in a marketplace mediated by platforms with machine-translation capabilities. It’s frustrating to be reduced to wrangling inaccurate output, not to mention the precarity and loneliness endemic to platform work. Translators also have to contend with the real or perceived threat that their machine rivals will eventually replace them – researchers refer to this as automation anxiety.
Lessons for LLMs
The recent unveiling of the Chinese AI model Deepseek, which appears to be close to the capabilities of market leader OpenAI’s latest GPT models but at a fraction of the price, signals that very sophisticated LLMs are on a path to being commoditised. They will be deployed by organisations of all sizes at low costs – just as machine translation is today.
Of course, today’s LLMs go far beyond machine translation, performing a much wider range of tasks. Their fundamental limitation is data, having exhausted most of what is available on the internet already. For all its scale, their training data is likely to underrepresent most tasks, just as it underrepresents most languages for machine translation.
Indeed the problem is worse with generative AI: unlike with languages, it is difficult to know which tasks are well represented in an LLM. There will undoubtedly be efforts to improve training data that make LLMs better at some underrepresented tasks. But the scope of the challenge dwarfs that of machine translation.
Tech optimists may pin their hopes on machines being able to keep increasing the size of the training data by making their own synthetic versions, or of learning from human feedback through chatbot interactions. These avenues have already been explored in machine translation, with limited success.
So the forseeable future for LLMs is one in which they are excellent at a few tasks, mediocre in others, and unreliable elsewhere. We will use them where the risks are low, while they may harm unsuspecting users in high-risk settings – as has already happened to laywers who trusted ChatGPT output containing citations to non-existent case law.
These LLMs will aid human workers in industries with a culture of quality assurance, like computer programming, while making the experience of those workers worse. Plus we will have to deal with new problems such as their threat to human artistic works and to the environment. The urgent question: is this really the future we want to build?"
https://theconversation.com/to-understand-the-future-of-ai-take-a-look-at-the-failings-of-google-translate-251642
"BUSINESSBusiness buzzwords: AI-centric terminology dominates today’s lexicon
ByDr. Tim SandlePublishedMarch 10, 2025
Attendees walk past a row of Chinese businesses at the annual Las Vegas tech show CES in January, 2024. — © AFP
What are the most commonly used buzzwords in business, technology, and workplace trends? Unsurprisingly ‘artificial intelligence’ dominates, with AI reshaping industries. Specifically, the phrase “AI agents” emerges as 2025’s fastest-growing buzzword, showing an even wider rise in usage compared to 2024.
What else appears on the list? The business concept “fast follow” dominates media coverage and discussions across business publications. The phrase “big data,” dominates the professional sphere, leading LinkedIn job postings.
A recent study by Heepsy analysed the most commonly used buzzwords, identifying the terms that dominate industry discussions. The research examined Google search trends, published articles, and LinkedIn job postings, assessing over 50 frequently used buzzwords.
Terms with low occurrences were excluded, refining the dataset to the most relevant and impactful industry phrases. Each buzzword was evaluated based on three key factors: article mentions (measuring visibility in published content), Google search volume (indicating public interest), and LinkedIn job postings (reflecting professional relevance).
The final ranking was determined by aggregating mentions across all three metrics, highlighting the most widely recognized and influential buzzwords shaping modern business conversations.
“AI Agent” as a search term over the course of one year, globally
In terms of the top five buzzwords:
The ever-growing term “AI agents” has become the most overhyped business buzzword of 2025. It has experienced an unprecedented rise in usage compared to its position at the start of the year, reaching a total of 2.2 million mentions. Its search volume of 785.3K outpaces several higher-ranked terms, indicating growing public enthusiasm and interest.
“Fast follow,” a strategy of quickly copying successful competitors’ innovations, ranks 1st with 423.3 million mentions as the most overhyped business buzzword. Its online presence is primarily driven by news articles.
The term “big data,” referring to extremely large datasets analyzed for insights and patterns, claims 2nd place with 232.1 million mentions. It leads all terms with 2,355 LinkedIn job postings, indicating its continued practical relevance.
The technical descriptor “AI-powered,” describing technology enhanced or automated by artificial intelligence, ranks as 3rd most overhyped business buzzword this year. The term is mentioned a total of about 88.3 million times.
“Internet of things,” defining networks of connected everyday devices, claims 4th place with 30.5 million appearances across platforms. Its standout metric of 3.5 million Google searches suggests strong public interest.
Among the top five, “cloud-first” represents the prioritization of cloud-based solutions over traditional infrastructure and distinguishes itself with 18.6 million total mentions. As another overhyped business buzzword in 2025, the term’s visibility comes almost entirely from media coverage. These terms are:
“Future-proofing,” the concept of designing systems to remain useful as technology changes, holds sixth place with 11.8 million total mentions. It generates more public interest with 28.2K searches. It’s the highest-ranking term with zero job listings.
“Go-to-market strategy,” describing plans for delivering products to customers, is the seventh most overhyped business buzzword this year, with 6.4 million total appearances. It draws 395.4K searches and maintains a presence in job markets with 33 listings.
The technical expression “edge AI” referring to artificial intelligence processing done on local devices rather than the cloud, ranks eighth with 5.7 million mentions. It attracts significant searches at 171.6K.
“Cloud computing,” the delivery of computing services over the internet, secures 9th place with 5.6 million total appearances. Unlike previous terms, it shows reversed metrics, with 5.5 million searches dominating its presence. Its 788 job listings rank third highest overall, suggesting practical value.
“Not contemplated,” meaning something not considered or planned for, rounds out the top 10 most overhyped business buzzwords this year, with 3.4 million total instances. It stands unique among top performers, with a nearly balanced distribution between articles (1.5 million) and searches (1.9 million).
Bubbling below these ten common phrases is “mental model,” a framework for understanding how something works. This takes 11th place with 3.2 million total mentions. Its article mentions (3.25 million) heavily outweighs its search interest. The technical phrase “blockchain,” the decentralized digital ledger technology, sits at 12th with 3.2 million online appearances. Despite lower overall numbers, it maintains a robust job market presence with 1,393 listings.
“Quiet quitting,” the practice of doing minimum required work without going above and beyond, ranks 13th with 1.8 million total mentions. Similar to “Not Contemplated,” it shows relatively balanced metrics between articles and searches, though at lower volumes.
The industry phrase “thought leadership” stands at fifteenth with 775K mentions. It maintains a modest job market presence with 50 listings.
“Digital transformation,” the process of adopting digital technology to improve operations, takes 15th position with 616.9K total instances. Despite its lower ranking, it has 1,217 job listings – the fourth highest overall, suggesting practical relevance beyond its media presence.
The workplace term “hybrid work culture” claims 16th with 471.2K total mentions. The term is included in 468K articles. “Data-driven,” referring to making decisions based on data analysis, holds 17th place with 398.6K total appearances. As another overhyped buzzword, it maintains a presence across all metrics, with 455 job listings demonstrating practical application.
The emerging phrase “workcation,” which means the practice of working while on vacation, ranks 18th with 397.5K mentions. Its footprint comes solely from articles and searches. “AI-driven,” meaning guided or determined by artificial intelligence, completes the list as the 19th most overhyped business buzzword this year.
https://www.digitaljournal.com/business/business-buzzwords-ai-centric-terminology-dominates-todays-lexicon/article
Analyzing animal onomatopoeia across languages can demystify how we shape sound into meaning.
"English cows go
“moo”
, while French cows go
“meuh”
, and Korean cows go
“음메”
. These differences raise the question: how can cultures hear the same physical sounds yet translate them into language so differently? Analyzing animal onomatopoeia across languages can demystify how we shape sound into meaning.
Languages differ in their characters and spelling, so we can use a common tool of linguists to effectively compare how they sound. The International Phonetic Alphabet, or IPA, is used to show how words are pronounced in any language. Each letter in the alphabet represents a singular sound, also known as a phone. IPA phones give us insight into the place of articulation (the part of the mouth that’s used to produce the sound), manner of articulation (the way the sound is produced), and voicing (whether the vocal folds come together)...
...[The] interplay between universality and diversity extends beyond animal sounds, touching on how humans perceive and encode the world. Onomatopoeia is a seemingly trivial aspect of language, but one that reflects broader cultural and linguistic processes. Exploring these differences in sound perception challenges us to think critically about the assumptions we bring to language. If a cow’s moo can interpreted so differently across cultures, how many other sounds might we experience uniquely through our linguistic filters? Whether cows go
“moo”
,
“meuh”
, or
“음메”
, onomatopoeia connects us to the natural world in a way that transcends linguistic boundaries. It invites us to play with sound, to embrace the quirks of language, and to recognize our shared instinct to listen and interpret. In doing so, onomatopoeia reminds us that even the simplest of sounds can tell a universal story, endlessly fascinating in its infinite variations.
Methodology
Every language differs in its usage of onomatopoeia, and only one word could be chosen to represent each language’s representation of each animal’s sound. Many languages might have multiple onomatopoeic words for an animal, while some may hardly use onomatopoeia in daily language. All onomatopoeia translations were sourced from the Duolingo blog post, “Do cats ’meow’ in every language?” by Mykhaylo Zakryzhevskyy and Dr. Alexander Mendes, aside from cow sounds, which were sourced from Omniglot. These onomatopoeic words were then transcribed phonetically into IPA using Epitran (Carnegie Mellon University), XPF Corpus (Brown University), InternationalPhoneticAlphabet.org, and OpenL. Audio recordings for each onomatopoeic word were generated using TTSMaker, an online tool that creates text-to-speech recordings in many languages..."
https://pudding.cool/2025/03/language/
#metaglossia_mundus
This year's University of Arizona College of Science Lecture Series explores the science behind how we connect.
"College of Science Lecture Series: 'Two Languages, One Mind'
When?
Thu, Mar 13 2025, 7 - 8pm
How does knowing two languages shape the brain? How does it influence the way we think, express emotions and connect with others? Genesis Arizmendi, assistant professor of speech, language and hearing sciences, will break down the cognitive and social advantages of bilingualism, revealing how speaking multiple languages enhances mental flexibility, fosters deeper cultural understanding and even strengthens communities."
https://news.arizona.edu/events/college-science-lecture-series-two-languages-one-mind
Le Centre de la langue arabe d'Abou Dhabi a annoncé les finalistes de la 19e édition du Prix du livre Sheikh Zayed. Les lauréats recevront leur prix le 28 avril lors de la Foire internationale du livre de l'émirat
"...La liste des finalistes de cette année dans la catégorie Traduction comprend notamment deux traductions de l'arabe vers des langues européennes. La traductrice allemande Claudia Ott est nominée pour « Tausendundeine Nacht: Das Buch der Liebe » (« Les mille et une nuits : Le livre de l'amour »), une traduction allemande acclamée de quatre histoires d'amour tirées des plus anciennes sources des « Mille et une nuits ». Le traducteur italien Marco Di Branco figure sur la liste des finalistes pour « Orosius », une traduction en anglais de Kitāb Hurūshiyūsh, la version arabe des « Sept livres d'histoires contre les païens » de Paulus Orosius, une histoire du monde gréco-romain qui a eu une grande influence culturelle dans le monde arabe, en particulier sur l'historien Ibn Khaldoun. La traduction en arabe du texte du chercheur français Antoine Compagnon, Le démon de la théorie : littérature et sens commun, par le traducteur marocain Hassan Outtaleb, figure également sur la liste des finalistes. Ce texte explore la relation entre la théorie littéraire et le sens commun, en soutenant que, bien que la théorie soit précieuse, elle peut parfois devenir excessivement complexe et déconnectée de la compréhension quotidienne de la littérature..."
https://www.atalayar.com/fr/articulo/culture/prix-du-livre-sheikh-zayed-annonce-finalistes-sa-19e-edition/20250308160000212017.html
#metaglossia_mundus
Attendees discuss current job openings and internship opportunities with employers like Stanford Health Care, Transperfect, Honda, and the U.S. State Department, making connections with alumni working there now.
For students like Gabriela Rivero, the Translation, Interpretation, and Localization Management (TILM) Career Fair was a combination of connection and inspiration. “It feels amazing to have the opportunity to talk to people who have the jobs we want and to see the possibilities,” said Rivero, a conference interpretation student who will graduate in May 2026. One person she connected with was Erin Teske, senior manager of medical interpretation and translation services for Stanford Health Care. Teske is an alum who graduated from the translation and interpretation program in 2017. “We prioritize this career fair,” said Teske, whose team provides translation and interpretation for patients, from those experiencing trauma situations to even those needing language assistance during awake brain surgeries. “Roughly one-third of my team is Middlebury Institute alumni.” Each summer, Stanford Health Care typically selects multiple interns from the Institute – four this year. Students apply before the career fair, meet with the Stanford Health Care booth members on Friday, and interview formally the following Monday. “Students often go from interns to staff members,” said Teske, who took that exact path herself and found it opened her eyes to opportunities beyond conference interpreting.
Erin Teske MATI ’17, senior manager of medical interpretation and translation services for Stanford Health Care, meets with an internship candidate.
Rivero agreed. “In conference interpretation, I had one vision. But [Teske] did this path and she knows how it felt. I’m realizing I can actually do this job.” Employers Reflect the Diverse Language Services IndustryThe TILM Career Fair welcomed a wide array of translation, interpretation, and localization employers with varied specialties like medicine, technology, patents, and gaming. Firms included TransPerfect, TOPPAN Digital Language, Stanford Health Care and Stanford Children’s Health, the Defense Language Institute, IDEM Translations, Monterey Language Services, Honda, LAI Technical Translation, Daikin, Association of Language Companies, and the U.S. State Department. There’s no typical week for a State Department interpreter.Alum Celine Colvin MACI ’07 started her week with President Macron’s visit to the White House and closed it out at the career fair in Monterey. Representatives from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) traveled all the way from Geneva, Switzerland, to meet Middlebury Institute students, the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic. “We have a number of staff and freelancers who graduated from Middlebury Institute,” said Tracey Hay, head of English translation at WIPO. “We have found [the translation and interpretation program] to be a good program to teach the skills we need.” Several of the employers attended classes before the Friday fair, lending their expertise to classroom discussions and sharing their own career journeys. Representatives from the State Department attended an interpretation course and WIPO staff dropped in on a German translation class to share their knowledge on patent translation. “This is not just a career fair,” said Winnie Heh, career advisor for translation, interpretation, and localization programs. “We are linking students to specific openings. It’s a very rich experience.” My main focus is to find good talent with the right combination of a real perspective of language and culture and someone looking for growth. We have had great luck with students from the Institute. — Martha Geller MACI ’82, Senior Vice President, TransPerfect Leading up to the fair, Heh also coached students on the importance of eye contact and a firm handshake in Western business culture. “Different countries have different business norms and for some students, this is the first time dealing with employers face-to-face,” Heh said.
Martha Geller MACI ’82, senior vice president at TransPerfect, chats with a student during the career fair.
Many employers commented that they were impressed with the students they met. “I see the interest and professionalism of these students. They come prepared and they know about the firms,” said Martha Geller, senior vice president at TransPerfect, where her team includes several Institute alumni. “It’s so refreshing.” Geller, a graduate of the Institute’s conference interpretation program in 1982, gave a presentation about TransPerfect’s company culture and current openings the day before the TILM Fair. “My main focus is to find good talent with the right combination of a real perspective of language and culture and someone looking for growth. We have had great luck with students from the Institute,” Geller said. “This fair is so relevant to what we do.”
Saudi Arabia to host fourth International Conference on Lexicography in October
The King Salman International Academy for the Arabic Language announced on Thursday that its fourth annual international conference will take place in the first half of October 2025 in Riyadh. ARAB NEWS March 06, 2025 22:04 RIYADH: The King Salman International Academy for the Arabic Language announced on Thursday that its fourth annual international conference will take place in the first half of October 2025 in Riyadh, the Saudi Press Agency reported. The two-day event, held with the support of Prince Badr bin Abdullah bin Farhan, minister of culture, will be themed “The Global Lexicography Industry: Experiences, Efforts, and Prospects.” Abdullah bin Saleh Al-Washmi, secretary-general of the academy, said that the conference would aim to foster collaboration between the academy and linguistic institutions worldwide. It will serve as a platform for experts to share insights, review successful initiatives in lexicography, and explore ways to modernize dictionary development through emerging technologies and artificial intelligence, he added. “The conference reflects our commitment to advancing the lexicographic industry by exchanging expertise, implementing technical solutions and addressing key challenges,” Al-Washmi said. “Our goal is to enhance the development of dictionaries, strengthen their global impact, and reinforce Saudi Arabia’s leadership in promoting the Arabic language.” The conference will examine the latest developments in the lexicography industry and highlight major Arabic and international projects, and facilitate knowledge exchange among linguists, language academies and technology experts while exploring Artificial Intelligence-driven advances in dictionary compilation. Representatives from more than 20 countries are expected to attend. The event aligns with the academy’s broader mission, which focuses on four key areas: Language planning and policy, linguistic computing, educational programs, and cultural initiatives. Through these efforts, the academy seeks to expand global engagement in Arabic language development and preservation
"The word metaglossia was coined in 2010 from a number of traceable sources: Greek meta, specifically in the sense of beyond or behind; early Latin glossa, i.e. language, dialect or idiom; and the affix -glos- as widely attested in the English words gloss, glossary, and most especially diglossia, heteroglossia, monoglossia, polyglossia, etc. or the French glose, glossaire, and more precisely diglossie, hétéroglossie, monoglossie, polyglossie, etc.. In this light, metaglossia literally means beyond/behind the Word, beyond/behind languages; more specifically, metaglossia is an ubuntu-rooted sociolinguistic sphere, an interpersonal and intercultural communication space, notably the ideal translation or interpreting setting, whereby mutual understanding between the addresser and the addressee is ever made possible over and beyond the words or languages that have been chosen by each interacting party at any one time."
REFERENCES
- https://twitter.com/metaglossia;
- https://metaglossia.com/about-us/ ;
- https://www.blogger.com/profile/11481867605244394299;
- http://metaglossia.wordpress.com/
- https://issuu.com/wcat/docs/asa_magazine_final_version
"City of Asylum celebrates new works from Eulalia Books, with translators Edith Adams, Laura Cesarco Eglin, and Lauren Shapiro.
Don’t miss this exciting, triple book launch at City of Asylum, celebrating new works from local indie press Eulalia Books. The launch will feature the translators of the three works, Edith Adams (Guerrilla Blooms), Laura Cesarco Eglin (The Mistaken Place of Things), and Lauren Shapiro (Waking in the Sahara), who will discuss the art and process of translation. The poets behind these translated works—Gabriela Aguirre Sánchez, Daniela Catrileo, and Zaira Pacheco—will join the discussion virtually to share their poetry and participate in the audience Q&A.
Eulalia Books publishes contemporary poetry from Latin America—specifically, by writers whose work has not yet appeared in a full-length English translation. They believe that poetry thrives outside the margins of privilege, and they love translators who work on the ground to find these books. Their full-length books introduce Latin American poets (writing in a variety of languages) to an English readership, while foregrounding the role of translators as artists and collaborators. Their letterpress chapbook series, focused on experimental translations and translingual writing, is dedicated to a vital discourse on translation, language/s, and translation poetics."
https://www.pittsburghmagazine.com/local-events/?_evDiscoveryPath=/event/2938286-eulalia-press-presents-edith-adams-laura-cesarco-eglin-lauren-shapiro-triple-book-launch-
"Chad has arrested a journalist for the national broadcaster accused of translating Russian files containing details on operations conducted by the Kremlin's mercenaries in Mali, his employer told AFP Sunday.
The case is connected to that of Olivier Monodji, a correspondent for French international broadcaster RFI, who police have held in custody in the capital N'Djamena since Wednesday.
"Mahamat Saleh Alhissein, a journalist with the national television station, has been arrested along with his colleague Olivier," a Tele Chad official told AFP.
The president of the Sahel country's journalists' union confirmed the fresh detention to AFP.
Contacted by AFP for comment, the public prosecutor said he would provide further information on the case on Monday.
Besides information on Russia's proxy forces, the documents Alhissein stands accused of translating are said to contain information on the Sahel's economic situation, Tele Chad told AFP.
The reason for Monodji's detention is said to be an article he wrote on the inauguration of the Russian House in N'Djamena last September, according to other sources..."
https://www.barrons.com/news/chad-arrests-journalist-accused-of-translating-russian-files-8774cc49
#metaglossia_mundus
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