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Charles Tiayon
October 13, 2012 8:28 AM
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Michael Henry Heim, an internationally known translator who created highly praised English versions of such masterpieces as "Death in Venice" and "The Unbearable Lightness of Being," has died. He was...
Researchers across Africa, Asia and the Middle East are building their own language models designed for local tongues, cultural nuance and digital independence
"In a high-stakes artificial intelligence race between the United States and China, an equally transformative movement is taking shape elsewhere. From Cape Town to Bangalore, from Cairo to Riyadh, researchers, engineers and public institutions are building homegrown AI systems, models that speak not just in local languages, but with regional insight and cultural depth.
The dominant narrative in AI, particularly since the early 2020s, has focused on a handful of US-based companies like OpenAI with GPT, Google with Gemini, Meta’s LLaMa, Anthropic’s Claude. They vie to build ever larger and more capable models. Earlier in 2025, China’s DeepSeek, a Hangzhou-based startup, added a new twist by releasing large language models (LLMs) that rival their American counterparts, with a smaller computational demand. But increasingly, researchers across the Global South are challenging the notion that technological leadership in AI is the exclusive domain of these two superpowers.
Instead, scientists and institutions in countries like India, South Africa, Egypt and Saudi Arabia are rethinking the very premise of generative AI. Their focus is not on scaling up, but on scaling right, building models that work for local users, in their languages, and within their social and economic realities.
“How do we make sure that the entire planet benefits from AI?” asks Benjamin Rosman, a professor at the University of the Witwatersrand and a lead developer of InkubaLM, a generative model trained on five African languages. “I want more and more voices to be in the conversation”.
Beyond English, beyond Silicon Valley
Large language models work by training on massive troves of online text. While the latest versions of GPT, Gemini or LLaMa boast multilingual capabilities, the overwhelming presence of English-language material and Western cultural contexts in these datasets skews their outputs. For speakers of Hindi, Arabic, Swahili, Xhosa and countless other languages, that means AI systems may not only stumble over grammar and syntax, they can also miss the point entirely.
“In Indian languages, large models trained on English data just don’t perform well,” says Janki Nawale, a linguist at AI4Bharat, a lab at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. “There are cultural nuances, dialectal variations, and even non-standard scripts that make translation and understanding difficult.” Nawale’s team builds supervised datasets and evaluation benchmarks for what specialists call “low resource” languages, those that lack robust digital corpora for machine learning.
It’s not just a question of grammar or vocabulary. “The meaning often lies in the implication,” says Vukosi Marivate, a professor of computer science at the University of Pretoria, in South Africa. “In isiXhosa, the words are one thing but what’s being implied is what really matters.” Marivate co-leads Masakhane NLP, a pan-African collective of AI researchers that recently developed AFROBENCH, a rigorous benchmark for evaluating how well large language models perform on 64 African languages across 15 tasks. The results, published in a preprint in March, revealed major gaps in performance between English and nearly all African languages, especially with open-source models.
Similar concerns arise in the Arabic-speaking world. “If English dominates the training process, the answers will be filtered through a Western lens rather than an Arab one,” says Mekki Habib, a robotics professor at the American University in Cairo. A 2024 preprint from the Tunisian AI firm Clusterlab finds that many multilingual models fail to capture Arabic’s syntactic complexity or cultural frames of reference, particularly in dialect-rich contexts.
Governments step in
For many countries in the Global South, the stakes are geopolitical as well as linguistic. Dependence on Western or Chinese AI infrastructure could mean diminished sovereignty over information, technology, and even national narratives. In response, governments are pouring resources into creating their own models.
Saudi Arabia’s national AI authority, SDAIA, has built ‘ALLaM,’ an Arabic-first model based on Meta’s LLaMa-2, enriched with more than 540 billion Arabic tokens. The United Arab Emirates has backed several initiatives, including ‘Jais,’ an open-source Arabic-English model built by MBZUAI in collaboration with US chipmaker Cerebras Systems and the Abu Dhabi firm Inception. Another UAE-backed project, Noor, focuses on educational and Islamic applications.
In Qatar, researchers at Hamad Bin Khalifa University, and the Qatar Computing Research Institute, have developed the Fanar platform and its LLMs Fanar Star and Fanar Prime. Trained on a trillion tokens of Arabic, English, and code, Fanar’s tokenization approach is specifically engineered to reflect Arabic’s rich morphology and syntax.
India has emerged as a major hub for AI localization. In 2024, the government launched BharatGen, a public-private initiative funded with 235 crore (€26 million) initiative aimed at building foundation models attuned to India’s vast linguistic and cultural diversity. The project is led by the Indian Institute of Technology in Bombay and also involves its sister organizations in Hyderabad, Mandi, Kanpur, Indore, and Madras. The programme’s first product, e-vikrAI, can generate product descriptions and pricing suggestions from images in various Indic languages. Startups like Ola-backed Krutrim and CoRover’s BharatGPT have jumped in, while Google’s Indian lab unveiled MuRIL, a language model trained exclusively on Indian languages. The Indian governments’ AI Mission has received more than180 proposals from local researchers and startups to build national-scale AI infrastructure and large language models, and the Bengaluru-based company, AI Sarvam, has been selected to build India’s first ‘sovereign’ LLM, expected to be fluent in various Indian languages.
In Africa, much of the energy comes from the ground up. Masakhane NLP and Deep Learning Indaba, a pan-African academic movement, have created a decentralized research culture across the continent. One notable offshoot, Johannesburg-based Lelapa AI, launched InkubaLM in September 2024. It’s a ‘small language model’ (SLM) focused on five African languages with broad reach: Swahili, Hausa, Yoruba, isiZulu and isiXhosa.
“With only 0.4 billion parameters, it performs comparably to much larger models,” says Rosman. The model’s compact size and efficiency are designed to meet Africa’s infrastructure constraints while serving real-world applications. Another African model is UlizaLlama, a 7-billion parameter model developed by the Kenyan foundation Jacaranda Health, to support new and expectant mothers with AI-driven support in Swahili, Hausa, Yoruba, Xhosa, and Zulu.
India’s research scene is similarly vibrant. The AI4Bharat laboratory at IIT Madras has just released IndicTrans2, that supports translation across all 22 scheduled Indian languages. Sarvam AI, another startup, released its first LLM last year to support 10 major Indian languages. And KissanAI, co-founded by Pratik Desai, develops generative AI tools to deliver agricultural advice to farmers in their native languages.
The data dilemma
Yet building LLMs for underrepresented languages poses enormous challenges. Chief among them is data scarcity. “Even Hindi datasets are tiny compared to English,” says Tapas Kumar Mishra, a professor at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela in eastern India. “So, training models from scratch is unlikely to match English-based models in performance.”
Rosman agrees. “The big-data paradigm doesn’t work for African languages. We simply don’t have the volume.” His team is pioneering alternative approaches like the Esethu Framework, a protocol for ethically collecting speech datasets from native speakers and redistributing revenue back to further development of AI tools for under-resourced languages. The project’s pilot used read speech from isiXhosa speakers, complete with metadata, to build voice-based applications.
In Arab nations, similar work is underway. Clusterlab’s 101 Billion Arabic Words Dataset is the largest of its kind, meticulously extracted and cleaned from the web to support Arabic-first model training.
The cost of staying local
But for all the innovation, practical obstacles remain. “The return on investment is low,” says KissanAI’s Desai. “The market for regional language models is big, but those with purchasing power still work in English.” And while Western tech companies attract the best minds globally, including many Indian and African scientists, researchers at home often face limited funding, patchy computing infrastructure, and unclear legal frameworks around data and privacy.
“There’s still a lack of sustainable funding, a shortage of specialists, and insufficient integration with educational or public systems,” warns Habib, the Cairo-based professor. “All of this has to change.”
A different vision for AI
Despite the hurdles, what’s emerging is a distinct vision for AI in the Global South – one that favours practical impact over prestige, and community ownership over corporate secrecy.
“There’s more emphasis here on solving real problems for real people,” says Nawale of AI4Bharat. Rather than chasing benchmark scores, researchers are aiming for relevance: tools for farmers, students, and small business owners.
And openness matters. “Some companies claim to be open-source, but they only release the model weights, not the data,” Marivate says. “With InkubaLM, we release both. We want others to build on what we’ve done, to do it better.”
In a global contest often measured in teraflops and tokens, these efforts may seem modest. But for the billions who speak the world’s less-resourced languages, they represent a future in which AI doesn’t just speak to them, but with them."
Sibusiso Biyela, Amr Rageh and Shakoor Rather
20 May 2025
https://www.natureasia.com/en/nmiddleeast/article/10.1038/nmiddleeast.2025.65
#metaglossia_mundus
" Translation Prize Shortlist Highlights the Year’s Best Japanese Books Published in English
A prizewinning novel from the perspective of a disabled woman, a family story with a 1970s setting, a classic mystery, and a memoir of life with a pet cat have earned their translators nominations for the 2025 Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation Translation Prize.
Read in other languages
English 日本語 简体字 繁體字 Français Español العربية Русский
Four Books and Translators Nominated
The shortlist for the Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation Translation Prize was announced on December 1, including both fiction and nonfiction translated from Japanese into English. This year, the prize—run by the foundation in association with the Society of Authors—considers books published in Britain between April 1, 2024, and March 31, 2025. The results are due to be announced in February 2026; the translator of the winning title will receive £3,000 and the runner-up £1,000.
In the third year of the award, all four of the nominated translators appear for the first time on the shortlist. Hunchback is translated by Polly Barton from Ichikawa Saou’s 2023 novel about the sexual desires of a severely disabled woman. Ichikawa’s work won the Akutagawa Prize, and the translation was longlisted for the International Booker Prize. Mina’s Matchbox is Stephen Snyder’s sixth book-length translation of a work by Ogawa Yōko. The narrator Tomoko looks back on her childhood in the 1970s with her fragile, book-loving cousin Mīna.
The Little Sparrow Murders, translated by Bryan Karetnyk, is the sixth of Yokomizo Seishi’s classic mysteries featuring the detective Kindaichi Kōsuke to appear in English. This installment sees links between a children’s song and a series of murders. Mornings with My Cat Mii (Mornings Without Mii in some markets) is translated by Ginny Tapley Takemori from a 1999 memoir by the poet and writer Inaba Mayumi about the 20-year relationship with her cat.
The Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation Translation Prize Shortlist (2025)
Hunchback translated by Polly Barton from Hanchibakku (2023) by Ichikawa Saou
Mina’s Matchbox translated by Stephen Snyder from Mīna no kōshin (2006) by Ogawa Yōko
The Little Sparrow Murders translated by Bryan Karetnyk from Akuma no temari uta (1959) by Yokomizo Seishi
Mornings with My Cat Mii translated by Ginny Tapley Takemori from Mī no inai asa (1999) by Inaba Mayumi
The Great Britain Sasakawa Foundation Translation Prize is one of nine Society of Authors translation prizes for 2025.
(Originally published in English. Banner photo © Natalie Thorpe.)
Books Culture Dec 2, 2025
https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-topics/bg900574/
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"Language Mixing Scale scores across studies. Credit: Behavioral Sciences (2025). DOI: 10.3390/bs15101371
Parents in bilingual and multilingual families can wrestle with when and how to expose infants and toddlers to words in different languages. However, a new paper from the Concordia Infant Research Lab shows that language mixing does not harm a child's ability to learn words.
In fact, switching languages, even mid-sentence or to introduce a single word, is considered both a common and flexible way to communicate in multilingual homes.
"We found that language mixing is often an intentional strategy rather than something parents do subconsciously," says Ph.D. student Alexandra Paquette, the study's lead author.
"There was no strong evidence that vocabulary size was tied to language mixing. We found that children were able to successfully navigate two languages, even when they appeared in the same sentence. Parents don't need to worry that mixing harms their child's ability to learn new words."
Franglais begins at home
The study, published in the journal Behavioral Sciences, looks at data from almost 400 Montreal children being raised in bilingual homes. The Canadian metropolis benefits from a linguistically diverse population. French and English are both societal languages, meaning large portions of the population speak one or both. The city's linguistic makeup is also enriched by its significant immigrant population, who speak multiple heritage languages. The most common are Spanish, Arabic and Italian.
The researchers analyzed two groups: French-English bilingual families and families who speak a heritage language along with English and/or French. Parents completed detailed questionnaires about how often they mixed languages, their reasons for doing so and how much of each language their child heard. They also documented their children's understanding and use of words.
The results show that language mixing is common, but its frequency varies depending on the family's linguistic background. French-English parents tended to mix less than heritage-language parents, likely because both societal languages are well supported in Montreal. Heritage-language parents mixed more often, especially borrowing English or French terms while speaking their heritage language.
Parents of all backgrounds said they switched languages for several reasons: they could not find the right word in English, French or their heritage language; no good translation was available; or they wanted to introduce a new word to their child. Parents in French-English families with older toddlers were more likely to deliberately mix languages to encourage language development.
The researchers point out that language mixing had almost no effect on a child's vocabulary score in either French-English or English- or French-heritage language families. Even if parents mixed often, children knew the same number of words.
A unique linguistic environment
Montreal's particular makeup as a city with two status languages supplemented by many heritage languages shapes how parents raise their bilingual children. Language mixing is a byproduct of a cultural context in which language mixing is common in daily life in both English and French communities.
"This project shows us how flexible children are when it comes to language development," says co-author Krista Byers-Heinlein, a professor in the Department of Psychology.
"Rather than confuse children, language mixing can be a real teaching tool that parents have in their toolbox. Parents are strategic about it, and our research finds that it is either neutral or beneficial when it comes to vocabulary.""
by Patrick Lejtenyi, Concordia University
edited by Gaby Clark, reviewed by Robert Egan
https://phys.org/news/2025-12-language-negative-effect-toddlers-vocabulary.html
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"L’historien sénégalais Mamadou Fall appelle à réhabiliter les savoirs, expériences et cultures endogènes souvent enfermés dans des catégories folklorisantes et restés à la marge de la production mondiale des connaissances.
“Nos savoirs, expériences et cultures endogènes sont restés à la marge de la production mondiale des connaissances, souvent enfermés dans des catégories folklorisantes. Il est temps d’inverser ce mouvement”, a-t-il plaidé.
Le professeur Fall prononçait la leçon inaugurale de la première édition du Festival ouest africain des arts et de la culture (Ecofest), qui se poursuit jusqu’au au 6 décembre prochain, sur le thème “Mutations et crises politiques en Afrique de l’Ouest : que peut faire la culture ?”
L’historien sénégalais a par ailleurs appelé à “sortir de l’ethos occidental, du monopole du regard occidental sur les cultures africaines”.
“Trop longtemps, nos langues, nos rituels, nos mythes, nos proverbes et nos arts ont été réduits à des documents ethnographiques, objets d’études plutôt que sources légitimes de savoirs, de droits, de philosophie ou de science”, a-t-il déploré.
Selon lui, une partie des élites africaines largement occidentalisées a négligé ou sous-estimé ces héritages, les lisant comme des résidus d’un passé dépassé.
Or, indique professeur Fall, cette problématique “est cruciale”, et se tient en cette question : “Comment les sociétés et les élites africaines ont-elles manqué des rendez-vous avec leur propre production de sens, d’esthétique, de valeur et de savoir pour s’installer dans des formes d’aliénation qui ont alimenté le sous-développement, la marginalisation et les conflits ?”.
Mamadou Fall, spécialiste d’histoire contemporaine, estime que les mécanismes externes de production de connaissances ont façonné le récit dominant dans certaines régions du monde notamment en Afrique.
Pour inverser les choses, il préconise de changer de paradigme en refusant de considérer ”la culture comme seulement un objet de contemplation esthétique, un supplément d’âme que l’on convoque à l’heure des cérémonies”.
La culture “est la matrice vivante de l’identité collective et l’espace où se négocient depuis des siècles des équilibres entre humain, environnement et sacré”, souligne le coordinateur du projet “Histoire générale du Sénégal”. `
Selon lui, “la culture doit être reconnue comme un lieu de production de sens et de valeur, un marché structuré avec des actifs, des titres et des marques collectives. Elle doit aussi comporter une banque de la créativité où se déposent et se valorisent des capitaux immatériels”.
Il en appelle ainsi à former une nouvelle génération de “refondateurs de nos cultures”, après les périodes de l’engagement culturel dans les années 1930, de l’engagement politique des indépendances et celle de l’engagement des développementalistes des années 1980.
“Cette génération des refondateurs des cultures doit recentrer la production culturelle sur les lieux où se produisent le sens, le sacré, le beau et le bon dans le quotidien des communautés, car le levier culturel est si puissant dans la vie communautaire comme dans les relations internationales”, explique-t-il.
Pour ce faire, 19 leviers peuvent être considérés comme “priorités stratégiques”, dont celui qui doit inciter à “assumer l’unité et la diversité des cultures ouest-africaines en les pensant comme un patrimoine vivant, pas comme un décor”.
Il préconise aussi de réinstaller dans les raisonnements quotidiens la dimension du talent et de l’histoire partagée.
“Les épistémologies du Sud invitent à écrire nos histoires à partir de nos propres temporalités, de nos propres périmètres, et non plus seulement comme une suite d’épisodes reliés aux grands moments de l’histoire urbaine”, affirme Mamadou Fall.
FKS/BK"
Dakar, le 2 déc (APS)
https://aps.sn/un-historien-invite-a-rehabiliter-les-savoirs-endogenes/
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
The French company Mistral AI has new models designed to run on everything from the cloud to your phone.
"French developer Mistral AI is releasing a new set of language models designed to bring high-end AI capabilities to more people, regardless of where they are, how reliable their internet access is, or what language they speak.
The company on Tuesday announced a new large language model, called Mistral Large 3, intended for broad, general-purpose uses. Think ChatGPT or Gemini. The other models come in a range of sizes and capabilities and are built for use on devices themselves. These smaller models can run on laptops, smartphones, in cars or on robots, and can be tuned to perform specific tasks.
All of the models are open source and open weight, meaning developers who use them can see how they work and tweak them to fit their needs. "We very deeply believe this will make AI accessible to everyone, put the AI in their hand, basically," Guillaume Lample, cofounder and chief scientist at Mistral AI, said in an interview.
Mistral AI, founded by former Google DeepMind and Meta researchers, is not as big of a name in the US as rivals like OpenAI and Anthropic, but it is better known in Europe. Along with models available for researchers and companies, it offers a chatbot called Le Chat, which is available via browser or in app stores.
AI models designed to be multilingual
Lample said the company has a goal with its new set of models to provide high-end, frontier AI capabilities that are open source and accessible. Part of that has to do with language. Most of the popular AI models in the US are built primarily to be used in English, as are benchmarking tools that compare the capabilities of models. And while those models are capable of working in other languages and translating, they may not be quite as good as the benchmarks suggest when used in non-English languages, Lample said.
Mistral AI wanted its new models to work better for speakers of all languages, so it increased the amount of non-English training data in proportion to English data. "I think people usually don't push too much on the multilingual capabilities because if they do, they will also deteriorate a little bit the performance on the popular benchmarks that everybody sees," Lample said...
In addition to the general-purpose Mistral Large 3 model, with its 675 billion total parameters, there are three smaller models called Ministral 3 — 3 billion, 8 billion and 14 billion parameters — each of which comes in three varieties, for a total of nine. (A parameter is the weight or function that tells a model how to handle its input data...)
The three varieties of the smaller models break down this way: one base model that can be tweaked and adjusted by the user, one fine-tuned by Mistral to perform well, and one built for reasoning spends more time iterating and processing a query to get a better answer."
https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/these-new-ai-models-are-built-to-work-anywhere-in-many-languages/
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#metaglossia_mundus
"The European Union Delegation to Belarus is hiring a temporary worker – Interpreter/Translator and Information Officer (six-month contract) in the Delegation’s Political, Economic, Press and Information Section.
Under this post, the recruited person will be attributed functions depending on the needs of the Delegation. The successful candidate will serve under the supervision and responsibility of the Head of Political, Economic, Press and Information Section, providing support, expertise and assistance mostly in interpretation/translation and media monitoring.
The salary will depend on relevant and verified employment experience.
The expected start date will be 1 February 2026.
The candidate should have a right to residence and work in Belarus; University degree in linguistics, social sciences, political sciences or related fields; experience in the field of interpretation and translation from Russian and Belarusian into English and vice versa; and excellent command of English, Belarusian and Russian languages.
The deadline for applications is 7 December..."
https://euneighbourseast.eu/opportunities/eu-delegation-to-belarus-looking-for-temporary-translator-and-information-officer/
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"Launch of PLaMo Translate for Use in the Government AI Project "Gennai"
Overview of the Launch
The Digital Agency has decided to provide government employees with access to PLaMo Translate, developed by Preferred Networks, Inc. (PFN), under the generative AI environment (project named “Gennai”).
Internal use within the Digital Agency will launch in December, with a rollout to other ministries and agencies planned from 2026 onward.
Advancing the Use of Generative AI in Government
In order to advance Government AI, the Digital Agency is currently deploying the project Gennai across ministries and agencies. This initiative aims to create an environment where government employees can safely utilize generative AI in their daily work, while ensuring proper security for information systems.
In particular, the use of large language models (LLMs) developed and provided by domestic companies, such as PFN's “PLaMo Translation,” optimized for specific Japanese expressions and writing styles found in government documents (hereinafter referred to as “domestically developed AI system”), is essential for promoting the safe and secure use of generative AI while ensuring the reliability of government operations.
Through collaboration with domestic companies and related entities, the Digital Agency will advance the development of an environment in which domestically developed AI systems, trained on high-quality dataset containing Japanese culture and practices and rich in Japanese language, can also be actively utilized, with the aim of both generating effective use cases of domestically developed AI systems in administrative operations and establishing a continuous cycle for improving their accuracy.
(Reference) Outline and Features of “PLaMo Translate”
This domestically developed large language model is entirely designed in Japan, from its architecture to training, and specializes in Japanese-to-English and English-to-Japanese translation. Unlike models based on existing overseas systems, it generates fluent and natural Japanese translations with minimal repetition, omissions, or inconsistent wording, even for long texts. Optimized for a variety of styles and contexts, including conversational text, news articles, and academic papers, it delivers coherent and natural translations. The model can also effectively handle the specific vocabulary and phrasing often found in government documents, ensuring accurate and readable output across all text types."
Published:
Dec 2, 2025
https://www.digital.go.jp/en/news/b27d1af7-c231-4ab3-ad78-fc5408d44504
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"La retraduction en régime populaire : contraintes et pratiques
Colloque international
Les 28-29 mai 2026, Université Paris Nanterre
salle de séminaire 2, bâtiment Max Weber
Projet scientifique
Dorothée Cailleux, Enrico Monti, Lucia Quaquarelli, Licia Reggiani
Comité d’organisation
Lucia Chiavassa, Giacomo Gaggiassi, Sara Giuliani, Jean-Baptiste Godon, Nerida Woodhams Bertozzi
Comité scientifique international
Hélène Buzelin, Dorothée Cailleux, Chiara Denti, Adrien Frenay, Sara Giuliani, Delia Guilarro Arribas, Valeria Illuminati, Mathilde Lévêque, Enrico Monti, Lucia Quaquarelli, Licia Reggiani, Elisa Marazzi, Fabio Regattin.
—
Inscrit dans le projet international « Fabriques de la traduction » (CRPM, Université Paris Nanterre) et organisé en collaboration avec le FICLIT de l’Université de Bologne et l’ILLE (UR 4363) de l’Université de Haute-Alsace, le colloque REPOP. La retraduction en régime populaire entend explorer les pratiques, les enjeux et les contraintes de la retraduction dans le champ de la littérature populaire et de grande consommation.
Le colloque vise à analyser et à questionner la façon dont les opérations de retraduction – c’est-à-dire de nouvelles traductions d’un texte déjà traduit – répondent à des stratégies de légitimation littéraire, de promotion éditoriale et à des contraintes narratives, commerciales et juridiques. Il entend également interroger la manière dont les différentes pratiques retraductives participent à la remise en cause d’un imaginaire de la traduction comme pratique seconde et dérivée, de nature éphémère, arbitraire et vieillissante.
Se saisir des productions de grande consommation par le prisme des processus de retraduction est une manière d’œuvrer à une meilleure compréhension des circulations de récits par-delà les frontières linguistiques et culturelles. Cela offre également une perspective privilégiée pour élargir le champ de la retraduction au-delà de la littérature canonique, vers une multitude de formes peu ou pas légitimées, destinées à un public adulte ou jeune (fictions policières, romans sentimentaux, bandes dessinées, romans graphiques, fantasy, mangas, romans-photos, sagas historiques, albums illustrés, etc.).
Nous sollicitons des approches pluridisciplinaires, combinant théorie et histoire de la traduction, histoire de l’édition, sociologie, études culturelles, littéraires, génétiques…, qui prennent en compte les conditions matérielles et culturelles du processus retraductif.
À partir d’un corpus de littérature de grande consommation, les propositions pourront aborder, entre autres, les points suivants (sans restriction linguistique, géographique ou temporelle) :
● retraduction comme dispositif de légitimation et canonisation littéraire ;
● retraduction et contraintes narratives (ré-sérialisation, reclassement et repositionnement narratif) ;
● retraduction et contraintes juridiques et commerciales ;
● retraduction comme stratégie éditoriale ;
● caducité, vieillissement et obsolescence de la traduction ;
● subjectivité et visibilité des voix retraductives (paratextes) ;
● réception des retraductions, entre acclamation et résistance ;
● retraduction dans le système médial et transmédial ;
● réédition, révision, retraduction : enjeux et différences ;
● approches génétiques de la retraduction (archives éditoriales) ;
● approches quantitatives et bibliométriques ;
● retraduction et redéfinition de l’imaginaire traductif.
—
Les propositions (200 mots + notice bio-biblio) sont à envoyer à :
● dcailleux@parisnanterre.fr
● enrico.monti@uha.fr
● lquaquarelli@parisnanterre.fr
● licia.reggiani@unibo.it
Date limite pour l’envoi des propositions : 15 février 2026.
Communication d’acceptation : 28 février 2026.
Publication prévue : en volume ou revue en 2027.
Responsable :
Centre de Recherches Pluridisciplinaires Multilingues - Université Paris Nanterre
Url de référence :
https://crpm.parisnanterre.fr/axes-de-recherches/tradpop
Adresse :
Université Paris Nanterre"
https://www.fabula.org/actualites/131325/repop-la-retraduction-en-regime-populaire-contraintes-et-pratiques.html
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
Traduction œcuménique de la Bible (TOB)
"Quelque 100 biblistes se sont attelés à la révision de la Traduction œcuménique de la Bible (TOB) francophone. Un chantier passionnant long de cinq ans. Jean-Claude Verrechia, son coordinateur, explique pourquoi et comment il faut parfois réviser la Bible.
La première partie de la Traduction œcuménique de la Bible (TOB) a été publiée en 1972. Trois ans plus tard, l’Ancien Testament est venu compléter le Nouveau Testament. Dès 1988, une mini-révision a été décidée, notamment dans le but d’harmoniser certains livres et de corriger quelques coquilles. Une intervention très partielle. Puis, en 2010, les deutérocanoniques orthodoxes ont été ajoutés. Mais jusqu’à présent, aucune vraie révision n’a eu lieu. “La TOB n'est plus à jour. La langue française évolue, il y a eu de nouvelles découvertes scientifiques et le regard des chercheurs a évolué”, résume Jean-Claude Verrechia, coordinateur de la révision. “La TOB est un ouvrage très utilisé, une référence. Elle sert également de base à beaucoup de traductions, il est donc nécessaire d’avoir une TOB au top”, commente Ana Aurouze, une des cinq éditrices des éditions Bibli’O. “La théologie est une science en constante remise en cause..."
Par Cathy Gerig
02/12/2025
https://www.reforme.net/religion/pourquoi-et-comment-reviser-la-tob/
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"Traduction vocale par IA: DeepL dévoile « DeepL Voice »
Yarek Kutilovsky, PDG de DeepL, a présenté les dernières avancées de l’entreprise, notamment les mises à jour prévues pour « DeepL Agent », le « Customization Hub » et « DeepL Voice », sa technologie de traduction vocale en temps réel.
DeepL muscle son infrastructure pour préparer la traduction de demain
Traduction vocale en temps réel
Une démonstration en direct a permis de mesurer la rapidité de l’outil.
Alors que Kutilovsky s’exprimait en anglais, DeepL Voice proposait une version coréenne de ses propos en deux à trois secondes, avec une fluidité qui rivalise avec celle d’un interprète humain. Lancée en novembre dernier, cette solution s’intègre aux plateformes de visioconférence, génère automatiquement des comptes rendus de réunion et prend en charge 35 langues.
DeepL compte toutefois aller plus loin. Le PDG a confirmé que les capacités d’interprétation vocale seront encore renforcées dans les prochains mois. En parallèle, deux nouvelles solutions visent à automatiser davantage les processus internes des entreprises.
DeepL Agent permet déjà de s’interfacer avec les CRM, messageries électroniques et outils de gestion de projet pour optimiser les tâches marketing, le service client ou encore les opérations financières, tout en garantissant un contrôle humain sur les flux de travail. Le Customization Hub, de son côté, assure une cohérence linguistique en intégrant terminologie maison, style éditorial et mémoires de traduction, et sera bientôt enrichi de fonctionnalités d’apprentissage automatique.
Une stratégie offensive
Kutilovsky a également insisté sur le développement du réseau de partenaires. DeepL a récemment construit un écosystème multilingue avec Saltlux Innovation et collabore avec Etiverse pour renforcer ses capacités de communication internationale.
À travers ces annonces, DeepL confirme sa stratégie : exister face aux géants de l'IA et miser sur la fiabilité de ses solutions, grâce à un investissement continu dans la recherche et le développement. L’entreprise ambitionne d’aider les organisations locales – comme leurs travailleurs du savoir – à se concentrer sur des tâches plus stratégiques en déléguant les opérations linguistiques à l’IA.
« Nous avons franchi un cap cette année », a conclu Kutilovsky. « L’intelligence artificielle dépasse désormais le simple traitement du langage : elle transforme nos méthodes de travail. Notre mission est d’aider les entreprises coréennes à adopter pleinement l’IA linguistique pour collaborer plus efficacement avec le reste du monde. »"
Par Kim Mi-jeong
02/12/2025
Traduction vocale par IA en quelques secondes : le PDG de DeepL dévoile « DeepL Voice »
https://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/traduction-vocale-par-ia-en-quelques-secondes-le-pdg-de-deepl-devoile-deepl-voice-485849.htm
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"Intercultural Encounters | Master’s programme
Mira Kotamäki on Culture, Community, and Global Themes in the Intercultural Encounters Programme
Mira found the interdisciplinary freedom she craved in the ICE programme. Surrounded by diverse perspectives, she explored culture’s role in today’s biggest issues and connected her studies to real-world integration work, all while gaining confidence, clarity, and a path forward.
Mira Kotamäki examines the importance of friendship in integration for her thesis.
After completing her bachelor’s studies in French language and culture at the University of Helsinki, Mira Kotamäki knew she wanted a broader, more globally engaged education that would allow her to connect cultural questions with real-world issues. That’s when she discovered the Intercultural Encounters (ICE) Master’s Programme.
“I studied French language here at the University of Helsinki,” Mira explains. “So, my previous studies focused very much on language and on specific cultures and specific regions. I applied to ICE because I wanted to have a bit more like a global perspective.”
Mira chose ICE because she liked the limitless possibilities and ability to research her specific interests.
Now at the end of her ICE studies, Mira has found exactly what she was looking for and is ready for the next steps.
From Language to Global Issues
Mira’s academic journey within ICE included two major study modules: Global Transfers and Religion & Diversity.
In ICE we focus on themes rather than staying in a specific discipline,” she says.
“So, for example, studying something like identity, AI, migration, these kinds of themes. But you are not limited to the specific theories or methods of a specific discipline. That has been very enriching for me.”
Assignments also allowed students to connect theory with everyday culture. Mira describes one assignment where she analysed different media like TV shows, political campaigns, and social media posts as part of her studies. “It has been motivating for me to be able to study things that are actually in today's world,” she says.
She adds that culture is often overlooked in big conversations: “For example, if we are talking about conflicts, we might approach that from like a political perspective. But I think it would be also important to talk about the culture aspects.”
Learning Through Diversity
Another highlight for Mira has been the diversity of the ICE community among students and faculty alike. “In our studies, we students come from different backgrounds, but also the teachers come from different backgrounds. And I don’t mean only like a national background or a cultural background, but also that we represent different age groups. We have different life experiences. And also we come from different disciplines. In ICE there is diversity.”
That diversity comes with both benefits and challenges. “You are kind of expected to share your thoughts from that background you are coming from, but it’s also sometimes challenging, because you have to explain your arguments and interests for someone who is from a completely different background. So I think that is kind of the most challenging but also very amazing thing in this program.”
She also emphasizes that ICE requires active engagement. “You are very expected to contribute. It doesn’t mean that you are expected to be a ready-made package. It just means that you have to show that you are able to learn, participate, and listen to others.”
Bridging Studies and Career
Mira has also built connections between her academic work and the professional world. She’s currently completing a traineeship with the City of Vantaa’s Employment and Integration Unit, where she’s helping develop an AI tool to assess Finnish language skills for job seekers from migrant backgrounds.
“I’m working in their employment and integration unit in Vantaa employment services,” Mira says. “Half of the customers are from a non-Finnish speaking background, so in that unit we are trying to help these customers with immigrant or non-Finnish language backgrounds to succeed in the job market.”
Her thesis work, which focuses on the importance friendship plays in integration, complements this traineeship and has further fueled her interest in working in policy planning or integration services after graduation.
Advice to Future Students
Mira encourages prospective students to consider ICE if they are eager to explore global issues through interdisciplinary lenses. “I would say that if you are willing to learn about different topics, if you are willing to kind of challenge yourself and look at things from new angles, I really encourage you to apply to ICE.”
She also offers a practical reminder: “We have a lot of freedom, but we also have a lot of responsibility with the freedom. In the Finnish university system, we plan our studies ourselves and we build our own specialization. So it’s very important to be self-reflective, so that you think about what are important for you, and you are somehow able to connect your interests to some broader themes and courses. In this way, you really can build quite a unique expertise profile.”
A Program That Inspires Confidence
Looking back, Mira says she’s proudest of the way ICE pushed her outside her comfort zone.
“I have got to study topics that I really didn’t know anything about beforehand,” she says. “For example, the Religion and Diversity module was something that I really didn’t have very much knowledge about, but then I really immersed myself. It has been very helpful for me to understand questions about diversity from a broader perspective.”
Whether it was attending conferences, supporting classmates in thesis seminars, or learning to articulate her skills for employers, Mira’s experience in ICE has equipped her with confidence and clarity.
“Challenging myself is maybe the thing that I’m most proud of,” Mira reflects.
And while she still jokes about not being sure exactly what her “profile” is, she knows ICE gave her the tools to keep building it: “Funny, because I’ve been talking about how you have to build your own profile. I’m like, what is my profile? But I know I’m building something meaningful.” "
https://www.helsinki.fi/en/degree-programmes/intercultural-encounters-masters-programme/studying/news-archive/mira-kotamaki-culture-community-and-global-themes-intercultural-encounters-programme
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"Online violence is real violence. The manosphere – an umbrella term for communities that promote harmful definitions of masculinity – serves as its nursery.
As UN Women, we are taking action against digital abuse, one of the fastest growing forms of gender-based violence, and countering the spread of the manosphere’s toxic influence.
The manosphere targets male audiences in all digital spaces, including social media, podcasts, gamer communities, and even dating apps. Many men and boys engage with the content in search of forums to learn about men’s issues. But the solutions and discussions veer far from healthy advice, promoting instead ideas of harsh self-discipline, emotional control and physical dominance over others, especially women and girls.
Like many communities, the manosphere spreads its ideas with its own unique terminology and cultural references. This includes coded language for gendered hate speech, pseudoscience and other harmful lies – even certain phrases that might be considered harmless outside of these online communities.
While internet slang and the manosphere’s glossary are always expanding, familiarizing yourself with some of these common terms can help you spot misogynist content in your feed."
https://www.unwomen.org/en/articles/glossary/glossary-the-manosphere
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"By Nick Lichtenberg
Business Editor
November 30, 2025, 9:00 AM ET
Awaneesh Verma leads Google Meet, Google Voice, and other real-time communication products at Alphabet, overseeing a massive network reaching about 3 billion users and 11 million companies worldwide.
However, his drive to eliminate communication friction and ensure people are “truly understanding each other” is rooted in a personal journey that stretches back before his time at Uber and Duolingo—to when he learned how barriers can keep people from communicating.
Born in the UK to parents who had immigrated from India, Verma spent his young childhood in the midlands city of Sheffield. He recalled in a recent interview with Fortune that, for the longest time, he was “the only Indian kid in my class.”
While his hometown is “a great place,” he couldn’t help but wonder “what the rest of the world felt and looked like.” He recalled how he was fascinated with a physical atlas in the days before Google Maps. “I’m like just looking at maps and drawing places based on that.”
Years later, when Verma was an engineering major at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, he heard Google’s head of engineering, Alan Eustace, give a talk about ongoing projects, including Google Translate. “I was like, ‘Wow, this is the future of connecting people.” Within a few years, Verma was working on Google Translate, part of a journey that took him to Duolingo as its first ever head of product, before a stop at Uber, also as head of project, and a return to Google.
Verma told Fortune that he loves his work because he has always loved the idea of something having to do with travel, saying he wanted to be a travel show host when he was a kid.
“I really liked the appeal of meeting people in different cultures and then truly understanding each other,” he said, adding that he’s been lucky to do a job that lets him do the same thing.
Beta-testing while driving the machine
As head of Google Meet, Verma told Fortune that he is always beta-testing his product, which billions of users depend on to do business. (Although more specifically, he said he’s always testing the product internally, from early research proof-of-concepts to end-user prototypes and beta.) He said the beauty of Google Meet is that it’s part of Google Workspace, which means that all the notes you take on it become part of your Google Drive.
Verma said he uses Take Notes with Gemini in “pretty much all of my meetings.” With a single click, this tool instantly creates a live Google document of meeting notes, which become the team’s “decision of record,” transforming discussions into something “durable and sticky.”
He noted that this reliability has made distributed collaboration easier, recalling a time when a third of his team in Stockholm felt confident skipping an inconvenient meeting, a huge change from just a few years ago. The team was trying to get some feedback from some Bay Area-based executives, but the timing just wasn’t right. Nevertheless, they felt confident in the meeting going on without them. “We trust that you’ll represent our point of view well and we’ll read the notes and we’ll read the transcript later on.”
The Google Meet chief also relayed that he often debriefs on projects, and he asks team members what went well and what could have gone differently. Once all of those are written on a whiteboard, he cross-references them with what the Gemini AI notetaker thought of the meeting. “When in doubt, you can go back and read the transcript,” he said, noting that Gemini includes citations, so the minute anything is in doubt, “there’s a one click to that part of the transcript where you can then just read what happened there.”
The goal is to use AI to facilitate the high fidelity of human conversation, including tone and emotion, allowing teams to reach resolutions faster than asynchronous communication. Verma illustrated this by recounting a 60-minute discussion with an engineering counterpart. By using Ask Gemini to summarize, they immediately produced a 15-bullet product specification.
Real-time translate
The innovations from Verma and his team spring to life when Fortune talks to Niklas Blum, a native German speaker based in Google’s aforementioned Stockholm office. He demonstrates Google’s real-time speech translator, a very different product from Google Translate.
“Don’t you hear me, Nick? I’m speaking German to you now,” Blum said, as this journalist could hear him speaking in the background in something that sounded Germanic, while, with a few seconds delay, his voice came through the speakers in English, somewhat uncannily.
Blum explained that AI technology has now progressed to the point where it clones his voice in real time to make it sound like he is talking in English.
He added that Verma’s team worked closely with Google’s DeepMind on the various technologies, with multiple layers of AI working: the translation plus the generation of the translated voice. To some extent, he said, the lag is very dependent on the language being translated, since the AI has to account for the grammar and complexity of the language being used. German often puts the verb toward the end of the sentence, for instance, so there is a lag as the AI makes sure it has the correct meaning.
This real-time translation tool came together over the course of about two years, Blum said, adding that it began as an exploration without a certain deadline. But the more they communicated with global companies that do business across language barriers, they saw a need in the marketplace.
He said it was “really hard” for team conversations across different languages to be held while making sure that everyone received all the correct information. “We want Google Meet to not only be a tool to connect people, but [something] that creates value in the conversation,” he added.
“The beauty of technology is not just the fact that it can automate and make it easier,” Verma said, but that you can trust “that it truly is neutrally representing everything that was said.”
There’s an imperative behind this, of course, somehow providing a fix to the post-pandemic onslaught of endless meetings that define most workdays.
Verma notes that these are often ineffective, leaving participants unsure of what was decided and what comes next. He said he feels a real need to address “meeting fatigue” that comes from meetings just not being run well.
Verma affirms that every improvement is filtered through the question, “how could we have helped them do this better?”"
https://fortune.com/2025/11/30/meet-the-executive-behind-google-meet-real-time-translation/
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"The sixth edition of Dr. Zafarul-Islam Khan’s English translation of the Holy Qur’an (Glorious Quran) has just been published. Until now, three editions with the Arabic text and English translation, and three editions of only the English translation, have been printed within two years of its first publication in 2023.
Along with extremely simple and contemporary English language, only the earliest and most authentic Arabic Qur’an commentaries (tafsir), Sirah, Maghazi (accounts of the Prophet’s battles), Islamic history, and Arabic dictionaries were consulted in the preparation of this translation. Effort has been made that the message of the Holy Qur’an is presented to the world exactly as it was understood by the earliest generations of Islam. Translations of later times, later commentaries, and non-Arabic sources have been entirely avoided. Along with this, the entire translation, footnotes, and appendices have been kept completely free from sectarian bias, and from grammatical and juristic hair-splitting.
The translator has written approximately 2500 footnotes along with the translation. In addition, the appendices — an introduction to the Holy Qur’an, the life of the Holy Prophet, Islamic terms, and a detailed Qur’anic index — have given this translation the form of a complete Islamic encyclopaedia from which the reader receives a complete introduction to Islam. In this translation, which was completed in twelve years, the Qur’anic guidance on modern contemporary demands, the problems of Muslim minorities, and matters like terrorism and Jihad have also been addressed.
This translation has been viewed with great admiration throughout the world, and remarkable reviews have been published in various countries. Al-Jazeera (Qatar) wrote that “this translation is a complete introduction to Islam.” Muslim News (London) said in its review that “this is one of the better translations of the Holy Qur’an through which understanding the Qur’an becomes easy.”
Professor Abdul Majeed Qazi of Jamia Millia Islamia said “the translation makes it clear that the translator is endowed with mature insight and vast knowledge, which is necessary to explain the miraculous meanings of the Holy Qur’an.” He further wrote, “Along with its appendices, this translation is a concise Islamic encyclopaedia.”
Former Vice-Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia, Najeeb Jung, described this translation as “the best among the best.” JNU Professor Muhammad Qutbuddin, declaring it a “unique and standard English translation,” wrote that “in terms of the accuracy of translation and comprehension, the maturity of language, fluency, simplicity of style, and its impact, this translation is unique among all previous English translations and commentaries.” Islamic Voice (Bangalore) wrote: “For any person wishing to understand the Qur’an and Islamic teachings in depth, this translation is a fundamental source.” Palestinian thinker Dr. Muhammad Makram Balaawi wrote: “Among all the translations of the Holy Qur’an that I have seen so far, this is the best.”...
https://www.theokhlatimes.com/sixth-edition-english-translation-quran-released/
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"Demand for Indigenous Latin American language interpreters has surged in Oregon. This group is helping meet it
Updated: Dec. 01, 2025, 7:46 a.m.|Published: Dec. 01, 2025, 6:02 a.m.
Puma Tzoc, left, senior director of the Collective of Indigenous Interpreters of Oregon, and Malín Jimènez, right, associate director. Originally from Guatemala, Jimènez started volunteering as an Indigenous language interpreter as a teenager. She later worked in environmental advocacy but a friend convinced her to return to interpretation, saying, “Our community needs you.”Vickie Connor | The Oregonian/OregonLive
By Mike Rogoway | The Oregonian/OregonLive
Puma Tzoc was living in New York a decade ago when a friend asked him to help a client who had spent three months in jail. The client spoke only K’iche’, an Indigenous language from his native Guatemala, and was in a legal purgatory — unable to understand his circumstances or argue his case.
So Tzoc, also from Guatemala, took a crash course in the ethics and protocols of legal interpretation and stepped in. The friend’s client was out of jail the next day and Tzoc was on his way to a new career and calling, inspired at the immediate impact he could have on someone else’s life.
Negotiations on Global Treaty to End Plastic Pollution Reach Critical Phase
Tzoc went to work providing interpretation services in the New York courts and for health care providers. Then, after moving to Portland in 2016, he became coordinator of the Collective of Indigenous Interpreters of Oregon. An arm of the nonprofit Pueblo Unido PDX, the Collective interprets in 17 different languages and aims to give Indigenous language speakers a voice in the legal system, health care and the schools.
“We’re really committed to the people we serve and our community,” Tzoc said.
Oregon has more than 50,000 immigrants who speak Indigenous languages, according to Pueblo Unido, arriving in the U.S. from Mexico and Central and South America. Local demand for interpreters who speak such languages has been rising steadily. That was initially due to increased migration from Indigenous communities. Now, there’s growing demand from people facing legal hearings as the federal government cracks down on immigration.
The Collective works with health care providers, legal organizations and schools to match up patients, clients and parents with interpreters who speak 17 Indigenous languages. Some of those have two or three distinct variants.
“We serve as this clearinghouse for interpreters,” said Carla Gonzalez, Pueblo Unido’s executive director.
The Collective works with more than 40 paid interpreters, assisting with civil and criminal court matters, immigration proceedings, medical appointments and parent-teacher conferences. Another 28 interpreters in other states and Guatemala supplement that network.
Most of the interpretation is done online, in video calls, with interpreters around the state and occasionally in other parts of the country. The agency using the interpreters pays for their services.
It’s challenging work, according to Tzoc, because dialects often differ considerably from one village to another. For example, he said the Mixtec Indigenous language in Mexico has more than 60 variations. The Collective asks people to provide the name of their town and village to identify the specific variation.
“Those variations are totally different,” Tzoc said, “and they couldn’t understand each other.”
Complicating matters, Indigenous languages often don’t have words for the terms frequently used in American legal proceedings and in the health care system. Tzoc said it can be challenging to convey a cancer diagnosis, for example, or to explain the concept of psychiatry.
Many Indigenous words have their roots in the environment in which the languages formed. They refer to plants, animals and specific cultural touchstones, often described as the cosmovision of the Indigenous people of Central America.
“We always connect it to our cosmovision,” Tzoc said. “Every time we express ourselves, it’s using the natural things that we have around to express ourselves.”
For example, he said, if people speaking some Indigenous languages get sick, they might say, “The air hits us.”
“When we said that in our native language,” Tzoc said, “that means we get sick.”
Artificial intelligence has made great strides in real-time translations between the world’s most widely used languages, but Tzoc said he doubts computers will be able to capture the cultural nuances of Indigenous languages anytime soon.
“Doing interpretation, using a translation app for something like that, it will not be accurate,” he said.
The Oregon Judicial Department provides interpretation for people engaged in criminal or civil proceedings, including child custody matters and divorce. Spanish, Russian and Vietnamese are among the languages most commonly spoken by those who don’t understand English, but the number of people speaking Indigenous languages is growing rapidly.
“It is challenging because some of the languages are so rare. It’s hard to find a particular language,” said Yvette Tamamoto, the department’s interim language access coordinator.
The department had 1,600 requests for Indigenous language interpretation last year, Tamamoto said, a 28% jump from 2023. She said it’s on pace for more than 1,800 requests this year.
The most requests come for the Mayan languages of Mam, Chuj, Q’anjob’al and Akateko. All are spoken in rural parts of Guatemala and some places in Mexico.
The Judicial Department has signed up to use the Collective’s interpreters, but Tamamoto said court hearings are frequently rescheduled, so the department hasn’t actually worked with the Collective yet.
But Clear Clinic, a free legal services nonprofit, uses the Collective frequently to help Indigenous language clients.
“They really focus on making sure their interpretation is accurate and as culturally responsive as possible,” said Cody Winger, a Clear Clinic paralegal.
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This fall, he said, the Clear Clinic connected with a child who had emigrated from Guatemala. He said the child faced persecution and violence sometimes directed at Indigenous people there, conditions that could qualify the child for asylum in the United States. But the child spoke a dialect of a smaller Indigenous language.
“Using the Collective, we found an interpreter who spoke the right language and the right dialect,” Winger said. Through that interpreter, he said Clear Clinic completed an asylum application in hopes of clearing a path for the child to stay in the U.S.
“I don’t know what we would do if we didn’t have the Collective, honestly,” Winger said. “We absolutely would not be able to provide the level of service that we do.”
Mike Rogoway
https://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/2025/12/demand-for-indigenous-latin-american-language-interpreters-has-surged-in-oregon-this-group-is-helping-meet-it.html
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"Radi Ellili dévoile l’auteur de la traduction truquée de la Résolution 2797 (2025) du Conseil de Sécurité sur le Sahara Occidental
Selon le journaliste sahraoui Mohamed Radi Ellili, le Maroc a réussi à déformer le texte de la Résolution 2797 (2025) du Conseil de Sécurité sur le Sahara Occidental grâce à la complicité du dénommé Abdelbari Moustahssine, Chef du service arabe de traduction de la Division de la documentation
depuis octobre 2023.
Le Maroc a réussi à le recruter en s’appuyant sur son origine Marocaine, provoquant ainsi l’énième scandale onusien vis-à-vis du peuple sahraoui.
D’après Reda Ellili, Rabat a échoué dans la réalisation des trois objectifs que l’administration Trump a promis et inclu dans la version initiale :
-mettre fin au mandat de la MINURSO
-renoncer au principe d’autodétermination du peuple sahraoui
– faire de la proposition marocaine d’autonomie la base de la solution.
Ellili a publié le texte du Draft Zero indiquant les termes qui ont été modifiés. Moustahssine a remplacé les mots « les deux parties » par « les parties » en vue d’impliquer l’Algérie dans le processus des négociations.
Lien vers la deuxième version déformée et manipulée par ledit Abdelbari Moustahssin.
Maroc #Sahara_occidental #Division_de_traduction_des_Nations_Unies #Résolution 2797(2025)#
https://moroccomail.fr/2025/12/01/sahara-occidental-radi-ellili-devoile-lauteur-de-la-traduction-truquee-de-la-resolution-2797-2025-du-conseil-de-securite-sur-le-sahara-occidental/?amp=1
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"Les traducteurs belges (et leurs archives) (Interfrancophonies, n°18, 2027)
La traduction est un produit local. Elle ne se réduit pas à un simple transfert linguistique : toujours située, elle porte l’empreinte de celui qui traduit — de sa formation, de son horizon linguistique, de son inscription nationale ou régionale. Dans cette perspective, le cas des traducteurs belges est particulièrement révélateur : leur position singulière, à la croisée des aires linguistiques romane et germanique, met en évidence la diversité interne de la francophonie et invite à interroger la traduction comme pratique localisée et différenciée. Comment, dès lors, cette position spécifique — à l’intersection des traditions française, néerlandaises, allemande et européenne — façonne-t-elle leurs gestes traductifs ?
Ce numéro d’Interfrancophonies se propose de creuser le phénomène de la traduction en Belgique, non seulement du point de vue plus général — en partie déjà étudié mais encore riche de pistes — de la circulation du texte, mais aussi à travers l’exploration des archives des traducteurs : brouillons, carnets, correspondances, paratextes et documents de travail qui permettent de reconstruire le processus traductif et de cerner, au plus près, les opérations intellectuelles, les choix linguistiques et les arbitrages culturels qui se déroulent dans l’atelier du traducteur. L’œuvre littéraire étant désormais envisagée comme un work in progress plutôt que comme un résultat achevé, la rencontre entre la génétique textuelle et la traduction – la première enquêtant sur la fabrique, la seconde étant elle-même fabrique (de langues, de pensée, de textes) – s’avère particulièrement prometteuse dans ce « balcon sur l’Europe » qu’est la Belgique.
Parmi les axes de recherches possibles :
Approches comparatives : en quoi une traduction belge se distingue-t-elle d’une traduction produite en France ? Comment se manifestent ces différences, par exemple dans la traduction d’œuvres canoniques ? Quelles convergences ou divergences avec les traducteurs d’autres aires francophones ? Quels contacts entre les traducteurs du plat pays et leurs homologues francophones ? Y a-t-il des œuvres qui ont été traduites en Belgique avant de l’être en France, ou qui y ont connu une diffusion plus importante (par exemple à travers plusieurs retraductions) que dans d’autres espaces francophones ?
Approches philologiques et perspectives ecdotiques : que révèlent les variantes, hésitations, pentimenti et strates manuscrites des traducteurs belges ? Quels horizons ecdotiques découlent de la prise en compte de ces documents ?
Perspectives culturelles et linguistiques : comment les spécificités belges (plurilinguisme, contexte politique, rapport au français « central ») modèlent-elles la pratique traductive et auto-traductive ? Quel est le lien entre traduction et création dans une situation de contact des langues comme celle de la Belgique (songeons aux nombreux écrivains-traducteurs belges) ?
Nous encourageons des propositions qui articulent analyse textuelle et exploration archivistique, et qui ouvrent à une réflexion théorique sur la traduction comme pratique localisée.
Les contributions pourront s’inscrire dans différents axes :
Études de cas (un traducteur, une œuvre, un corpus d’archives)
Approches comparatistes (Belgique / France / autres aires de la francophonie)
Réflexions méthodologiques (philologie, critique génétique, ecdotique)
Analyses de la réception et des effets culturels
Échéancier
30 avril 2026 : date limite pour l’envoi des propositions (titre et résumé de 300 mots, accompagnés d’une brève notice bio-bibliographique)
15 mai 2026 : notification d’acceptation des propositions
1er décembre 2026 : remise des articles complets
juillet 2027 : parution du numéro 18 d’Interfrancophonies
Les propositions et articles sont à envoyer à Fernando Funari : fernando.funari@unifi.it
—
Bibliographie
Génétique de la traduction
A. Cordingley, P. Hersant, « Translation Archives : an Introduction », Meta, 66, 1, 2021, p. 9-27, en ligne.
F. Durand-Bogaert (dir.), Genesis, 38 « Traduire », 2014, en ligne.
A. Farge, Le Goût de l’archive, Paris, Seuil, 1989.
G. Henrot Sostero, Archéologie(s) de la traduction, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2020.
P. Hersant (dir.), Palimpsestes, 34 « Dans l’archive des traducteurs », 2020, en ligne.
C. Montini, Traduire. Genèse du choix, Paris, Archives contemporaines, 2016.
G. Sofo, C. Montini, « Cibler la source : ce que la génétique des traductions fait aux textes », Continents manuscrits, 21, 2023, en ligne.
Les traducteurs belges et leurs archives
Béghin Laurent, Laurence Pieropan, Fernando Funari (2025). Dante en Belgique francophone, Pacini Editore, pp. 1-185., vol. LXXII-LXXIII (1-2)
De Bonis Benedetta (2023). « Vera/The Ends of Stories. Approche génétique de la traduction d’un roman sans fin », Continents manuscrits, vol. XXI.
Funari Fernando (2023). « Traductions de traductions : Dante entre France et Belgique », Interfrancophonies, no 14, pp.115-135, VERSION ONLINE
Funari Fernando (2024). « Nicolas Muller, passeur inattendu de Dante en Belgique. Étude et édition génétique du manuscrit AML 14673/9 (Par., XXXIII) », Interfrancophonies, vol. 15, pp. 1-34, VERSION ONLINE
Funari Fernando (2025). « Le traducteur comme auteur. Exploration des avant-textes traductifs de quelques passeurs belges de Dante, d’hier à Toussaint », Semicerchio. Rivista di Poesia comparata, vol. LXXII-LXXIII (1-2), pp. 44-51, VERSION ONLINE
Marinucci Giulia et Pieropan Laurence (à paraître). « Fattori della ricezione dantesca nel Belgio all'inizio del '900 e emergenza del traduttore Ernest de Laminne », in Marco De Cristofaro et Cecilia Schwartz, coll. « Passeurs & Passaggi », Pacini.
Pieropan Laurence (2013). « Pierre Poirier, jurisconsulte, esthète et traducteur », in Catherine Gravet (dir.), Traductrices et traducteurs belges, Mons, Université de Mons - Service de communication écrite, coll. « Travaux et documents » (n° 1), p. 297-325.
Pieropan Laurence (à paraître). « Pierre Poirier et Nicolas Muller : consciences (des tensions) du monde et filtre dantesque ? », in Actes du colloque international Dante est un poète français. La réception de Dante en France, entre traduction et création (XIXe-XXIe siècles), Université de Rennes 2, 27-28 mars 2025.
Pratiques traductives et spécificités linguistiques en Belgique
J. Altmanova, C. Meurée, M. G. Petrillo (dir.), Nouveaux paradigmes linguistiques dans la littérature belge francophone (de 1989 à aujourd’hui), Annali dell’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli. Sezione romanza, LXIII, 2, 2021.
Costa Béatrice et Pieropan Laurence (2025). « Traduire ce que fait le discours, et non les mots. La traduction de la Commedia par Pierre Poirier : un avant-traduire meschonnicien », in Laurent Béghin, Fernando Funari, Laurence Pieropan (dir.), Dante en Belgique francophone, Semicerchio. Rivista di poesia comparata, n° LXXII (2025/1-2), pp. 29-35, ISSN:1123-4075 Accesso ONLINE all'editore.
De Bonis B., F. Funari (dir.), Réécriture, traduction et adaptation dans le théâtre belge de langue française, Interfrancophonies, n° 10, 2019 (http://interfrancophonies.org/nouvelle-serie/10-2019.html).
C. Nannoni (dir.), La Belgique au prisme des langues : bi/plurilinguisme, traduction, autotraduction, RILUNE, n° 16, 2022 (https://rilune.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=94&Itemid=131).
Responsable :
Fernando Funari (Université de Florence)
Url de référence :
http://interfrancophonies.org
Adresse :
Revue Interfrancophonies - Université de Florence"
https://www.fabula.org/actualites/131311/les-traducteurs-belges-et-leurs-archives-interfrancophonies-n-18-2027.html
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#metaglossia_mundus
"Fernando Funari, Le texte retraduit. Approches lexicométriques pour l’analyse comparative
Bologna, DeriveApprodi, coll. "Musei della Traduzione", 2025
EAN : 9788865486535
266 pages
Prix : 24 EUR
Date de publication : 01 Décembre 2025
Publié le 30 Novembre 2025 par Marc Escola (Source : Fernando Funari )
Quelle est la différence entre deux traductions d’un même texte ?
Ce livre propose des outils concrets pour analyser écarts de lexique, isotopies, registres et marquages discursifs. Objectif : rendre les intuitions critiques mesurables et offrir des résultats transmissibles et réplicables.
L’enquête porte sur le corpus des retraductions françaises de Dante – plus de sept millions de mots sur presque trois siècles (1775-2025) –, offrant un terrain exceptionnel pour étendre le champ des questions : de quelle manière la traduction a-t-elle enrichi le lexique du français ? Comment mesurer l’écart lexical entre une traduction en vers et une traduction en prose, ou saisir l’évolution sémantique d’un terme à travers les siècles ? Et que révèle la comparaison entre un Dante traduit en France, en Belgique ou au Québec ?
Dans chaque cas, l’analyse parcourt toute la chaîne : formulation de la question, constitution du corpus (normalisation, lemmatisation, alignement, segmentation, annotation), choix des outils appropriés – sémantique distributionnelle, indice de spécificité, étude de la collocation, Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances (AFC) –, puis retour constant aux concordances et interprétation des résultats. La contribution est double : théorique, en définissant la différence traductive comme productivité du sens ; méthodologique, en proposant une chaîne transférable à d’autres corpus et langues, qui rend les hypothèses falsifiables et les preuves cumulatives. Il en résulte un atelier comparatif où le quantitatif prépare, oriente et rend vérifiable l’intelligence des fonctionnements intimes du texte traduit.
Un progrès concret dans le dialogue entre humanités numériques et traductologie.
—
Table des matières
Introduction
Dire, à nouveau, presque la même chose 11 ; Lexicométrie et textométrie pour la retraduction 15 ; Atelier Dante 23
Méthode 1 – Le traducteur comme auteur. Idiolecte traductif et néoformation en traduction 31
Introduction et problématique 31 ; Peut-on parler d’un idiolecte traductif ? Étude de la keyness 33 ; La néoformation en traduction 41 Évaluer la productivité néologique dans la diachronie (1775-2025) 72 ; Le traitement du nom propre en traduction : approche historique 82 Vers une notion de généalogie traductive 99 Conclusion 104
Méthode 2 – Formes de synonymie en traduction 105
Introduction et problématique 105 ; La concordance parallèle 109 ; Mesurer l’évolution lexicale : protocole Trends 114 ; Formes de synonymie : Thesaurus 119 ; Mesurer la synonymie dans le temps 129 ; Conclusions 139
Méthode 3 – Étude de la collocation 139
Introduction et problématique 139 La collocation 141 La différence des profils lexicaux 145 Étude de cas 1 : prose vs. poésie 148 Étude de cas 2. Comparaison diachronique des réseaux métaphoriques (subcorpus XIXe vs. subcorpus XX) 169 ; Étude de cas 3. Se retraduire : Eugène Aroux, 1842 vs 1856 193
La retraduction comme processus : approches génétique et ecdotique 209
Critique génétique de la traduction : quels horizons de recherche ? 209 ; Le manuscrit du traducteur 212 ; Comment réaliser une édition génétique de la traduction 226 ; Textes 230
Conclusion 243
Annexe méthodologique 245
Postface : la traduction, Bible des pauvres ? 253
Œuvres citées 255."
https://www.fabula.org/actualites/131300/fernando-funari.html
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#metaglossia_mundus
And the Walls Became the World All Around has won the 2025 Warwick Prize for Women in Translation.
The winner of the 2025 Warwick Prize for Women in Translation is And the Walls Became the World All Around by Johanna Ekström and Sigrid Rausing, translated from Swedish by Sigrid Rausing and published by Granta.
And the Walls Became the World All Around is a memoir consisting of 13 handwritten notebooks that Johanna Ekström (1970-2022) asked her friend Sigrid Rausing to finish. First published in Swedish in 2023, it has been described as a literary experiment, a continuation of 30 years of friendship, and a deep meditation on grief.
The 2025 prize was judged by Boyd Tonkin, Susan Bassnett, and Véronique Tadjo...
"The prize launched in 2017 with the aim of addressing the gender imbalance in translated literature and increasing the number of international women’s voices accessible to a British and Irish readership. In 2025, the competition received 145 eligible entries from 34 languages.
Submissions for the 2026 Warwick Prize for Women in Translation will open on 1 April 2026.
Notes to Editors
The prize is generously supported by the School of Creative Arts, Performance and Visual Cultures at the University of Warwick, and by the British Centre for Literary Translation at the University of East Anglia.
Click here for more details about the Women in Translation prize, the 2025 shortlist and longlist, and previous winners.
For more information please contact:
Ann Baylis, Media and Communication Officer
ann.baylis@warwick.ac.uk / 07876 876937
For Women in Translation events or news items you would like us to publicise: womenintranslation@warwick.ac.uk
About the University of Warwick
Founded in 1965, the University of Warwick is a world-leading institution known for its commitment to era-defining innovation across research and education. A connected ecosystem of staff, students and alumni, the University fosters transformative learning, interdisciplinary collaboration and bold industry partnerships across state-of-the-art facilities in the UK and global satellite hubs. Here, spirited thinkers push boundaries, experiment and challenge convention to create a better world."
https://warwick.ac.uk/news/pressreleases/winner-of-the
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"Widely considered India’s first review journal to appear in English, The Book Review (TBR), started by three bibliophile friends, turns 50 next year. As a part of its golden jubilee celebrations, TBR is hosting a seminar on literary translations, titled Echoes Across Tongues, in Bengaluru next week.
Set up by Chitra Narayanan, Uma Iyengar and Chandra Chari in 1976, TBR was begun with the intention to review books of all genres published in India. “Our basic job is reviewing books in the source language which has resulted in the book being translated too, at times. We have been focusing on languages, and over the years, have brought out languagespecific issues as well,” says Iyengar. In August this year, TBR held a roundtable in Delhi, to discuss the state of Indian publishing since Independence and the role of reviews.
The upcoming Bengaluru session, which will go on for a dayandahalf, will comprise three segments. The first session, ‘The Art of Translation’, will be chaired by author Chandan Gowda and will include writers Kamalakar Bhat, Vivek Shanbaug and Arshia Sattar on the panel. The second one on multilingual translation will be helmed by awardwinning translator Vanamala Viswanatha, with the panel comprising V.S. Sreedhara, Mini Krishnan and E.V. Ramakrishnan, among others.
Poet and translator A.J. Thomas will oversee the last segment on translating different genres and he will be joined by International Bookerwinning translator Deepa Bhasthi, among others.
Underlining the need to rethink the role and relevance of literary translations, Viswanatha, who has translated medieval and modern Kannada writing, including, most recently, Kuvempu’s epic, Bride in the Hills, says, “We can write a new kind of history of our nation... there is a critical mass of translations of Indian texts across multiple languages written over the last century that reflects the other Indias outside the realm of writing in
English now,” she says.
Translator T.S. Saravanan hopes to discuss the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in translating. “The negative mindset about AI translations is not true. Generally, there are two groups of translators: those who stay away from technology and those using it, and the truth lies somewhere in between both. That is the mentality we are going to discuss.” He, however, emphasises on the human element. “AI can be used, provided the appropriate prompt is given. It helps boost speed, too. But the human touch is needed.”
Adds Viswanatha, “Irony, sarcasm, reiteration, metaphor, proverbs — all these literary tropes are as yet beyond the realm of AI. It can be an ally to the translator, and may not necessarily be a threat. A human translator is not easily replaceable, at least right now, especially in literary translations.”
Niche interest
Iyengar recalls how editors from The New York Review of Books were invited to TBR’s 20th anniversary celebrations in 1996. “They shared that they came into being because The New Yorker went on strike, and how they were able to sell a humongous amount of copies for the very first issue,” she says.
Though TBR continues to focus on books published in India, it occasionally receives works from universities on topics of Indian scholarship. But the publication, which also has an online edition, “continues to be a niche journal”, says Iyengar, adding that reader interest has increased since they went online.
“We started out by chipping in ₹1,500 each because there was no book review journal in India at the time. And even today, there doesn’t seem to be another one in English. Though Biblio reviews books, their issues come out sporadically,” says Iyengar.
Echoes Across Tongues is on December 4, 5 at Bangalore International Centre. Details: Instagram @thebookreviewindia"
https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-hindu-kochi-9WW8/20251130/282587384280904
"Les ambitions de l'Afrique en matière d'IA freinées par la rareté des données
By
Foi Omoniyi
Lorsque vous interrogez ChatGPT sur un élément d'origine africaine, la réponse est souvent succincte et peu nuancée. Il arrive même qu'elle soit totalement inventée. Cela s'explique en partie par le fait que les modèles d'IA sont entraînés sur des ensembles de données restreints provenant d'Afrique.
Pour remédier à ce déficit de données, les pays africains doivent organiser leurs ensembles de données et les rendre accessibles en ligne, selon les intervenants de Moonshot by TechCabal, mercredi.
Alors que la plupart des Africains utilisent des modèles de langage à grande échelle (LLM) déjà construits par des organisations internationales, ces LLM sont entraînés sur peu de données provenant d'Afrique — par exemple, seulement 2 % des données mondiales sur les soins de santé proviennent d'Afrique. Cela est en partie attribuable au manque de documentation pour certaines cultures et langues.
La mise en ligne de données africaines présente des défis. La documentation fait défaut pour certaines langues africaines. Le chargement de ces ensembles de données peut également s'avérer coûteux pour les Africains confrontés à la pauvreté et à la crise du coût de la vie. Le principal obstacle réside peut-être dans les difficultés généralisées liées à l'alphabétisation numérique en Afrique. Bayo Adekanmbi, fondateur de Data Science Nigeria, propose des solutions alternatives, notamment l'utilisation de la transcription vocale pour documenter les données.
Certaines startups africaines comme Intron Health, une entreprise nigériane spécialisée dans l'IA Cette technologie est déjà utilisée. Intron Health permet aux médecins et aux professionnels de santé de saisir des données dans les dossiers médicaux en convertissant la parole en texte.
Pour collecter des données vocales, des startups africaines font appel à des agents chargés de recueillir des enregistrements audio. Cependant, la capture de données vocales dans le contexte africain présente des défis spécifiques, car de nombreux Africains intègrent le pidgin ou le yoruba à leur langage. Pour pallier ce problème, Bayo Adekanmbi suggère aux startups d'envisager la gestion du changement de code vocal dans leurs modèles d'IA.
Pour parvenir à une documentation exhaustive des langues et de la culture africaines, Lavina Ramkisson, membre du conseil d'administration de l'IA de la GSMA, estime que des partenariats mondiaux en matière d'infrastructures et de compétences sont indispensables. Olumide Okubadejo, responsable produit chez Sabi, partage cet avis : les partenariats public-privé constituent un excellent moyen d'améliorer la collecte de données et, par conséquent, l'adoption de l'IA sur le continent."
https://techcabal.com/fr/2024/10/09/africa-ai-ambitions-stunted-by-data-scarcity/
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"Former Irish-language commissioner Seán Ó Cuirreáin has said low pay and lack of strict standards for state interpreters mean there is a risk of repeating the type of miscarriage of justice seen in the Maamtrasna murders case over 140 years ago.
He said there are serious issues arising from the recent RTÉ Investigates/RTÉ Documentary on One investigation into interpreting flaws which led to an African couple being wrongly jailed on charges of injuring their daughter through female genital mutilation..."
Lorna Siggins
30 November 2025
https://m.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/experts-call-for-improvements-around-system-for-interpreters-in-court-cases/a182843359.html
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#metaglossia_mundus
"30 years of Translation and Interpreting studies: Insights from didactics, practice and research
Event description
As part of the celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Alicante and the 30th anniversary of the studies of Translation and Interpreting, the Department of Translation and Interpreting has the pleasure of convening the 9th International Lucentino Colloquium.
Over these three decades, major events have impacted our society deeply: the European Union, agenda 2030, pandemics and wars, misinformation, social media, climate emergency, migration crises, mass tourism, housing shortage, poverty and inequality. But perhaps the most startling change, at least in practical terms, has been brought by technological advances, from the emergence of personal computers, e-mail, the internet and mobile phones, to artificial intelligence and its unfathomable effects.
The 9th International Lucentino Colloquium aims to become a venue to meet and reflect upon the evolution of the translation and interpreting industry in the field of didactics, professional practice and research over the last three decades since the creation of the official translation and interpreting studies at the University of Alicante. We will encourage reflection through an analysis of the past, questioning the present and conceptualising the future that we want, through the exchange of opinions and mutual learning.
Practical Information
Wednesday, 28 January to Friday, 30 January 2026
Alicante, Spain"
https://knowledge-centre-translation-interpretation.ec.europa.eu/en/events/9th-international-lucentino-colloquium
#Metaglossia
#metaglossia_mundus
"En un mundo editorial que exige velocidad, los traductores se enfrentan al reto de preservar la sensibilidad estética de una obra mientras cumplen plazos cada vez más ajustados. ¿Cómo reconocer, entonces, una buena traducción entre tantas versiones disponibles?
Helena Cortés Gabaudan es una traductora española, germanista y profesora titular de la Universidad de Vigo, quien en 2021 obtuvo el Premio Nacional de Traducción por su trabajo en El diván de Oriente y Occidente, de Goethe. Con décadas de trabajo entre aulas y manuscritos, conoce de primera mano la tensión entre dedicar años a perfeccionar la traducción de un libro y la presión editorial de completarlo en el menor tiempo...
La traducción de un libro y la presión editorial de completarla en poco tiempo implican un conflicto entre el tiempo de calidad que requiere un trabajo artístico y las exigencias comerciales del mercado. Los traductores deben sacrificar el tiempo necesario para una relectura exhaustiva y un ajuste fino del texto, lo que puede llevar a versiones menos matizadas o con menos riesgos estilísticos, simplemente para cumplir con una fecha de entrega preestablecida. El resultado es un equilibrio difícil entre la búsqueda de la excelencia estética y la necesidad de entregar el trabajo a tiempo."
Por: Manuela Cardozo
https://cambiocolombia.com/cultura/articulo/2025/11/el-arte-de-traducir-libros-entre-la-minucia-excelencia-estetica-y-las-presiones-del-mercado-editoral/
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Deepa Bhasthi's International Booker Prize win brings attention to Kannada literature. She'll be in Kolkata discussing language and translation. Keywords: Deepa Bhasthi, International Booker Prize, Heart Lamp.
#Metaglossia
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"Gaelic and Scots have now been recognised as official languages as part of a range of new measures coming into force on St Andrew's Day.
The Scottish Languages Act, which MSPs voted through in June, also empowers parents to ask for a Gaelic school to be established in their area and aims to ensure that more qualifications are available in Gaelic.
It includes powers for ministers to commission research into the use of Gaelic and Scots and establish teaching standards for the languages.
Scotland's Deputy First Minister Kate Forbes called it a "historic milestone".
"St Andrew's Day is a fitting time to celebrate Scotland's identity by recognising Gaelic and Scots as official languages," she said.
"This is a historic milestone which acknowledges the vital place these languages hold in Scotland's culture and heritage."
MSPs back new powers supporting Gaelic and Scots
Forbes: Law would help parents who want Gaelic schools
Gaelic schools thrive while native language declines
Forbes added that the Scottish government had already allocated £35.7m for Gaelic and Scots initiatives this year.
Other measures in the act include supporting the creation of areas of linguistic significance in Gaelic communities so ministers can better target policies to support the language's growth.
The Scottish Languages Bill was introduced on St Andrew's Day in 2023.
It was passed at the Scottish Parliament in June this year and received Royal Assent on 1 August 2025.
Latest census statistics show that 130,161 people in Scotland had some Gaelic skills in 2022, an increase of 43,105 from 2011.
And it shows that 2,444,659 people in Scotland had some Scots skills in 2022, an increase of 515,215 from 2011.
The Scottish council with the highest proportion of Gaelic speakers was Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western Isles) with 57.2% having some Gaelic skills.
This was far higher than the next highest council areas, Highland (8.1%) and Argyll and Bute (6.2%)."
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9891455007o
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