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Les chercheurs de Price, un programme européen dont l'Inra est partenaire, ont confirmé que dans la pratique, les mesures actuelles mises en œuvre afin d'assurer la coexistence des cultures génétiquement modifiée (GM) et non GM dans l'UE sont faisables au niveau des exploitations agricoles et tout au long de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Cependant, ces mesures comportent des coûts supplémentaires, payés en partie par les consommateurs et par d'autres parties prenantes dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Le professeur Justus Wesseler, chef de projet de Price, a déclaré : « Pendant deux ans nous avons effectué des essais en plein champ avec du maïs GM en Espagne, en appliquant des zones tampon ou différentes dates de semis afin d'obtenir l'asynchronie de la floraison recommandée par l'Association espagnole des producteurs de semences. Les résultats ont montré que ces méthodes sont efficaces pour permettre aux cultivateurs de maïs en Espagne d'assurer la coexistence dans le cadre de la législation en vigueur et au niveau des parcelles agricoles. Par ailleurs, des essais en plein champ effectués avec du maïs partiellement stérile en Allemagne, en République Tchèque et en Espagne ont montré qu'il s'agit d'une mesure biologique efficace. » Les résultats indiquent aussi que les distances uniformes d'isolation actuelles établies par la plupart des États membres sont en général disproportionnées par rapport au seuil officiel de 0,9 % et susceptibles d'entraîner des coûts et difficultés inutiles pour les exploitants agricoles. « La coexistence est possible dans le cadre de la législation actuelle de l'UE »
Via Christophe Jacquet
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May 21, 2015 9:32 AM
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Agreenium est un établissement public de coopération scientifique regroupant 6 membres (Cirad, Inra, AgroParisTech, Agrocampus Ouest, INP de Toulouse-ENVT et Montpellier SupAgro ) dont la mission est de promouvoir l'enseignement et la recherche agronomique français au niveau international
Via Pôle Veille AgroParisTech
Le ‘I’ de AEI ne se réfère pas à ‘agriculture intensive’, bête noire des écologistes, mais correspond plutôt à une « agriculture qui utilise intensivement les fonctionnalités des systèmes productifs »(4), c’est-à-dire le fait de combiner en les amplifiant certaines méthodes écologiques pour créer des synergies productives tout en réduisant les atteintes à l’environnement. C’est l’aspect écologique qui est intensif.
Via Isabelle Pélissié
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May 15, 2015 1:50 AM
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May 13, 2015 3:39 AM
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May 13, 2015 2:08 AM
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May 11, 2015 10:39 AM
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A doctorate is the highest qualification in higher education, and is the flagship diploma of large international universities such as Université Paris-Saclay.Focus on the Université Paris-Saclay doctorate:
teosinte glume architecture1 (tga1), a member of the SBP-box gene family oftranscriptional regulators, has been identified as the gene conferring naked kernels inmaize vs. encased kernels in its wild progenitor, teosinte. However, the identity of thecausative polymorphism within tga1 that produces these different phenotypes has remained unknown. Using nucleotide diversity data, we show that there is a single fixed nucleotide difference between maize and teosinte in tga1, and this difference confers a Lys (teosinte allele) to Asp (maize allele) substitution. This substitution transforms TGA1into a transcriptional repressor. While both alleles of TGA1 can bind a GTAC motif, maize-TGA1 forms more stable dimers than teosinte-TGA1. Since it is the only fixed difference between maize and teosinte, this alteration in protein function likely underlies thedifferences in maize and teosinte glume architecture. We previously reported a differencein TGA1 protein abundance between maize and teosinte based on relative signal intensityof a western blot. Here, we show that this signal difference is not due to tga1 but to asecond gene, neighbor of tga1 (not1). not1 encodes a protein that has 92% amino acidsimilarity to TGA1 and that is recognized by the TGA1 antibody. Genetic mapping and phenotypic data show that tga1, without a contribution from not1, controls the difference incovered vs. naked kernels. No trait differences could be associated with the maize vs. teosinte alleles of not1. Our results document how morphological evolution can be drivenby a simple nucleotide change that alters protein function.
Via Loïc Lepiniec
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May 6, 2015 2:03 AM
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Pamela Ronald isolates genes in rice that feeds millions. Her integrative approach to agriculture could be an even bigger game-changer.
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April 30, 2015 8:18 AM
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Un spectromètre de masse couplé à un système de chromatographie en phase liquide Début 2015, la plateforme de Chimie/Métabolisme de l’Observatoire du Végétal…
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April 29, 2015 3:20 AM
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L'Europe met un bémol à l'essor des biocarburants
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April 29, 2015 2:22 AM
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This paper summary is contributed by Dr. Clint Springer @clintspringer (http://www.sju.edu/about-sju/faculty-staff/faculty-experts/clint-springer-phd). Scott Poethig’s group at the University of Pennsylvania has created an excellent new tool for use in genetic analysis studies of Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the “traffic lines” they have created, one can use a pair of seed-expressed green and red fluorescent transgenes that flank the mutation of interest to identify the genotype of mutants without the need for phenotypic analysis. This powerful tool cuts mutant analysis time substantially in all mutant genotypes and provides a way of determining genotype if a visible phenotype is not present. Because of the coverage of the “traffic line” insertions across the genome, one could make use of this resource in classroom studies of plant genetics to examine segregating populations as well mutant analysis. The “traffic lines” are available in both the Columbia and Landsberg erecta genetic backgrounds and can be ordered from the The Arabidopsis Information Resource center. http://www.genetics.org/content/200/1/35.abstract
Via Mary Williams
Dr. Anne Osterrieder is a Research and Science Communication Fellow at Oxford Brookes University, UK. We asked her expert opinion on the best approaches to raise public awareness of the importance ...
Via Mary Williams
The Environmental Protection Agency announced last week that it has given major Florida citrus grower Southern Gardens approval for large-scale field testing of citrus trees that have been genetically engineered to resist citrus greening, a ruinous disease that has caused orange production to plummet to the lowest levels seen in decades. As New York Times reporter Amy Harmon explained in a terrific feature in July 2013, Southern Gardens, a division of U.S. Sugar Corporation, the country's largest sugar producer, has been developing the trees for years now. Their genome has been modified to include a gene from spinach plants that produces a protein that makes citrus trees inhospitable to the bacteria that cause citrus greening. Though scientists and citrus growers are exploring several possible treatments for greening, which currently has no cure, many believe that the genetically modified tree offers the best chances of success.
Via Christophe Jacquet
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May 15, 2015 6:46 AM
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Fascination of Plants Day May 18 2015, France
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May 13, 2015 4:12 AM
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Abstract submission deadline for posters only: May 18, 2015
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May 13, 2015 3:20 AM
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Nature Plants, Published online: 5 May 2015; | doi:10.1038/nplants.2015.62
91 En septembre, les étudiants feront leur première rentrée officielle dans le nouveau campus Paris-Saclay (Essonne). Le décret créant de ce...
Via Univ Paris-Saclay
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May 9, 2015 1:18 PM
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L’Inra, Arvalis-Institut du végétal et les groupements de défense sanitaire constituent le podium des organismes jugés les plus utiles par les...
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May 7, 2015 1:53 AM
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April 30, 2015 8:19 AM
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L’institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, situé sur le Centre Inra de Versailles-Grignon, dispose d’environ 5500 m2 de serres et 500 m2 de chambres dédiées à la culture de…
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April 30, 2015 8:17 AM
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Le Phénoscope est une plateforme scientifique de phénotypage haut débit chez Arabidopsis thaliana située à l'Institut Jean-Pierre-Bourgin (Centre INRA de Versailles-Grignon). Il…
Plant starches regularly require extensive modification to permit subsequent applications. Such processing is usually done by the use of chemical and/or physical treatments. The use of recombinant enzymes produced by large-scale fermentation of GM microorganisms is increasingly used in starch processing and modification, sometimes as an alternative to chemical or physical treatments. However, as a means to impart the modifications as early as possible in the starch production chain, similar recombinant enzymes may also be expressed in planta in the developing starch storage organ such as in roots, tubers and cereal grains to provide a GM crop as an alternative to the use of enzymes from GM microorganisms. We here discuss these techniques in relation to important structural features and modifications of starches such as: starch phosphorylation, starch hydrolysis, chain transfer/branching and novel concepts of hybrid starch-based polysaccharides. In planta starch bioengineering is generally challenged by yield penalties and inefficient production of the desired product. However, in some situations, GM crops for starch bioengineering without deleterious effects have been achieved.
Via Christophe Jacquet
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