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Roelandt, S., Meuret, Y., Jacobs, A., Willaert, K., Janssens, P., Thienpont, H., & Verschaffelt, G. (2014). Human speckle perception threshold for still images from a laser projection system. Optics Express, 22(20), 23965-23979. We study the perception of speckle by human observers in a laser projector based on a 40 persons survey. The speckle contrast is first objectively measured making use of a well-defined speckle measurement method. 
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Melki, S., Todani, A., & Cherfan, G. (2014). An implantable intraocular pressure transducer: Initial safety outcomes. JAMA Ophthalmol. Objective To report preliminary safety data on the WIT.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
El WIT fue bien tolerado en el ojo y no se observaron signos manifiestos de toxicidad u otros efectos adversos.
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Bertolotti, E., Neri, A., Camparini, M., Macaluso, C., & Marigo, V. (2014). Stem cells as source for retinal pigment epithelium transplantation. Progress in retinal and eye research. Abstract: Inherited maculopathies, age related macular degeneration and some forms of retinitis pigmentosa are associated with impaired function or loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Among potential treatments, transplantation approaches are particularly promising. The arrangement of RPE cells in a well-defined tissue layer makes the RPE amenable to cell or tissue sheet transplantation. Different cell sources have been suggested for RPE transplantation but the development of a clinical protocol faces several obstacles.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
Esta nueva fuente puede proporcionar tejidos para trasplante alogénico basado en los resultados más importantes a través de pruebas de histocompatibilidad.
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Guidi, G., Korogiannaki, M., & Sheardown, H. (2014). Modification of Timolol Release From Silicone Hydrogel Model Contact Lens Materials Using Hyaluronic Acid. Eye & contact lens, 40(5), 269-276. Objectives: The ability of hyaluronic acid (HA) to act as a functional additive in model silicone hydrogel contact lenses to alter the uptake and release characteristics of timolol was investigated.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
El ácido hialurónico, aunque diferente de monómeros funcionales típicos utilizados en impresión molecular, puede ser un aditivo útil para modificar la masa de liberación del fármaco en las lentes de hidrogel de silicona
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Richler, J. J., Floyd, R. J., & Gauthier, I. (2014). The Vanderbilt Holistic Face Processing Test: A short and reliable measure of holistic face processing.Journal of vision, 14(11), 10. Efforts to understand individual differences in high-level vision necessitate the development of measures that have sufficient reliability, which is generally not a concern in group studies. Holistic processing is central to research on face recognition and, more recently, to the study of individual differences in this area. However, recent work has shown that the most popular measure of holistic processing, the composite task, has low reliability.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
Se desarrolla y valida una nueva medida de procesamiento holístico de rostros específicamente, para su uso en estudios de las diferencias individuales.
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Gangwani, V., Hirnschall, N., Findl, O., & Maurino, V. (2014). Multifocal toric intraocular lenses versus multifocal intraocular lenses combined with peripheral corneal relaxing incisions to correct moderate astigmatism. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery, 40(10), 1625-1632.Purpose
To compare the outcomes of multifocal toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and standard nontoric multifocal IOL implantation combined with peripheral corneal relaxing incisions (PCRIs) in patients with moderate preexisting corneal astigmatism. SettingMoorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. DesignProspective randomized controlled trial. MethodsPatients with visually significant cataract in both eyes who desired spectacle independence and had corneal astigmatism (1.00 to 2.50 diopters [D]) had multifocal toric IOL implantation in 1 eye and a nontoric multifocal IOL combined with PCRIs (Donnenfeld nomogram) in the contralateral eye. Outcome measures were visual acuity, astigmatic vector reduction, digital toric IOL axis determination, spectacle need, and patient satisfaction.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
El astigmatismo refractivo disminuyó en ambos grupos, aunque el implante de la LIO tórica multifocal era previsible y con buena estabilidad rotacional.
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Leidl, M. C., Choi, C. J., Syed, Z. A., & Melki, S. A. (2014). Intraocular pressure fluctuation and glaucoma progression: what do we know?. British Journal of Ophthalmology, bjophthalmol-2013. While mean intraocular pressure (IOP) has long been known to correlate with glaucomatous damage, the role of IOP fluctuation is less clearly defined. There is extensive evidence in the literature for and against the value of short-term and long-term IOP fluctuation in the evaluation and prognosis of patients with glaucoma
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
Hasta que se desarrolle un método confiable que permita la monitorización de la PIO de forma constante, muchas variables continuarán impediéndonos sacar conclusiones adecuadas con respecto a la importancia de la fluctuación de la PIO.
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Sia, P. I., Luiten, A. N., Stace, T. M., Wood, J. P., & Casson, R. J. (2014). Quantum biology of the retina. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 42(6), 582-589. The emerging field of quantum biology has led to a greater understanding of biological processes at the microscopic level. There is recent evidence to suggest that non-trivial quantum features such as entanglement, tunnelling and coherence have evolved in living systems. These quantum features are particularly evident in supersensitive light-harvesting systems such as in photosynthesis and photoreceptors. A biomimetic strategy utilizing biological quantum phenomena might allow new advances in the field of quantum engineering, particularly in quantum information systems. In addition, a better understanding of quantum biological features may lead to novel medical diagnostic and therapeutic developments.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
En esta revisión, se discute el papel de la física cuántica en sistemas biológicos con énfasis en la retina.
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Carreno, E., Guly, C. M., Chilov, M., Hinchcliffe, A., Aróstegui, J. I., Lee, R. W., ... & Ramanan, A. V. (2014). A60: Optic Nerve and Retinal Features in Uveitis Associated With Juvenile Systemic Granulomatous Disease (Blau Syndrome).Arthritis & Rheumatology, 66(S11), S89-S89.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
La Panuveítis bilateral crónica y una apariencia peripapilar nodular en el inicio de la uveítis infantil, son rasgos característicos de JSGD, que apoyan la necesidad de un análisis NOD2 genético apropiado.
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Sanderson, J., Dartt, D. A., Trinkaus-Randall, V., Pintor, J., Civan, M. M., Delamere, N. A., ... & Mitchell, C. H. (2014). Purines in the eye: recent evidence for the physiological and pathological role of purines in the RPE, retinal neurons, astrocytes, Müller cells, lens, trabecular meshwork, cornea and lacrimal gland. Experimental eye research. This review highlights recent findings that describ how purines modulate the physiological and pathophysiological responses of ocular tissues. For example, in lacrimal glands the cross-talk between P2X7 receptors and both M3 muscarinic receptors and α1D-adrenergic receptors can influence tear secretion. In the cornea, purines lead to post-translational modification of EGFR and structural proteins that participate in wound repair in the epithelium and influence the expression of matrix proteins in the stroma.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
Direcciones futuras pueden indicar si las interacciones entre los sistemas de señalización purinérgicos de las distintas zonas oculares ...pueden contribuir a problemas en la enfermedad del ojo.
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Haun, A. M., & Peli, E. (2014). Binocular rivalry with peripheral prisms used for hemianopia rehabilitation. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 34(5), 573-579. Abstract Purpose To determine the relative binocular signal strength of moving images that are peripherally viewed through a monocular field expansion prismas opposed to moving images viewed directly. We hypothesised that prism blur might make prism images predominate less than images viewed directly with the other eye. Methods We employed the binocular rivalry paradigm to measure the relative binocular effectiveness of directly viewed vs prism images. Four normally-sighted subjects tracked the rivalrous visibility of opponent-coloured targets seen dichoptically in the same part of the retinal visual field, using monocular field expansion prisms to produce the dichoptic display. We analysed the effects of external signal strength (whether or not motion was present in either image), retinal position or eccentricity of the targets, and controlled for target saturation.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
La mejora obtenida con el dispositivo con prisma es suficientemente eficaz para aplicaciones clínicas.
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Thomson, B. R., Heinen, S., Jeansson, M., Ghosh, A. K., Fatima, A., Sung, H. K., ... & Quaggin, S. E. (2014). A lymphatic defect causes ocular hypertension and glaucoma in mice. The Journal of clinical investigation, 124(124 (10)), 0-0. Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, afflicting more than 60 million people worldwide. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) due to impaired aqueous humor drainage is a major risk factor for the development of glaucoma. Here, we demonstrated that genetic disruption of the angiopoietin/TIE2 (ANGPT/TIE2) signaling pathway results in high IOP, buphthalmos, and classic features of glaucoma, including retinal ganglion degeneration and vision loss.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
los resultados revelan una base patogénica y molecular para el glaucoma y demuestran la importancia de la cooperación ligando a angiopoyetina en el endotelio linfático.
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Mathis, U., Ziemssen, F., & Schaeffel, F. (2014). Effects of a human VEGF antibody (Bevacizumab) on deprivation myopia and choroidal thickness in the chicken. Experimental eye research. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a dimeric glycoprotein which is responsible for neovascularization and fenestrations of the choriocapillaris. In neovascular maculopathies secondary to age-related degeneration (nAMD) or pathologic myopia (PM-CNV), its inhibition by humanized antibodies is currently the most successful therapy. The choroid has an important role in maintaining retinal health and its thickness declines with age and with myopia. Since choroidal thickness depends on its perfusion rate, one would expect that anti-VEGF agents can also change choroidal thickness. We have tested the hypothesis in the chicken model, using a humanized antibody, Bevacizumab, and also studied the distribution of VEGF-A in the chicken fundal layers by immunohistochemical techniques.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
Los mecanismos por los que actúa Bevacizumab en el espesor de la coroides son quizás lo más interesante, tanto para comprender mejor el papel de la coroides en el desarrollo de la miopía, sino también para aclarar sus posibles efectos secundarios durante el tratamiento en las clínicas NAMD y PM-CNV
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Jonas, J. B., Bourne, R. R., White, R. A., Flaxman, S. R., Keeffe, J., Leasher, J., ... & Taylor, H. R. (2014). Visual Impairment and Blindness Due to Macular Diseases Globally: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American journal of ophthalmology.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
En 2010, 2,1 millones de personas estaban ciegos y 6.0 millones de personas con discapacidad visual se debe a enfermedades maculares, excepto las causadas por la maculopatía diabética.
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Shin, H. Y., Park, H. Y. L., Jung, Y., Choi, J. A., & Park, C. K. (2014). Glaucoma Diagnostic Accuracy of Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters in Early Glaucoma with Different Types of Optic Disc Damage. Ophthalmology. Purpose: To compare the initial visual field (VF) defect pattern and the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters and investigate the effects of distinct types of optic disc damage on the diagnostic performance of these OCT parameters in early glaucoma.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
Los parámetros de OCT diferían entre los 4 grupos sobre la base de la apariencia del disco óptico distinto y patrón de daño glaucomatoso inicial.
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Maneschg, O. A., Volek, É., Németh, J., Somfai, G. M., Géhl, Z., Szalai, I., & Resch, M. D. (2014). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography in patients after successful management of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery by pars plana vitrectomy. BMC ophthalmology,14(1), 76. Acute severe postoperative endophthalmitis may lead to severe vision loss. The aim of this study was the analysis of macular microstructure imaged by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in patients after pars plana vitrectomy due to postcataract endophthalmitis.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
El espesor coroideo disminuyó significativamente después de endoftalmitis, pero no hubo correlación funcional con los cambios en la microestructura de la coroides.
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Jonuscheit, S. (2014). Data extraction and reporting strategies of studies assessing non-central corneal thickness by Pentacam: A review. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 37(5), 323-330.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
El uso de diferentes estrategias de extracción y presentación de datos puede ocultar las asimetrías regionales del espesor corneal.
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van Bussel, E. M., van der Valk, R., Bijlsma, W. R., & La Heij, E. C. (2014). IMPACT OF DURATION OF MACULA-OFF RETINAL DETACHMENT ON VISUAL OUTCOME: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Literature.RETINA, 34(10), 1917-1925. Purpose:To systematically review the influence of the lag time between macula-off retinal detachment and surgical intervention on postoperative visual acuity as main outcome measure.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
La cirugía escleral para el desprendimiento macular debe realizarse preferentemente dentro de los 3 días para optimizar el resultado visual.
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Kheir, W. J., Sniegowski, M. C., El-Sawy, T., Li, A., & Esmaeli, B. (2014). Ophthalmic Complications of Targeted Cancer Therapy and Recently Recognized Ophthalmic Complications of Traditional Chemotherapy. Survey of Ophthalmology. As our understanding of cancer pathophysiology has increased, so have the number of targeted therapeutic agents available. By targeting specific molecules involved in tumorigenesis, targeted therapeutic agents offer the potential for significant efficacy against tumor cells while minimizing the adverse effects.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
Complicaciones oftálmicas recientemente reconocidas de la terapia dirigida contra el cáncer y complicaciones recientemente reconocidas de la quimioterpia tradicional.
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Bandlitz, S., Purslow, C., Murphy, P. J., & Pult, H. (2014). The relationship between tear meniscus regularity and conjunctival folds. Optometry & Vision Science, 91(9), 1037-1044. Purpose To investigate the capability of a new portable digital meniscometer (PDM) to measure tear meniscus radius (TMR) and tear meniscus height (TMH) at different locations along the lower lid and to evaluate relationships between tear meniscus regularity and the degree of lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOFs).
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
... midiendo TMR y TMH en la posición central debajo de la pupila puede proporcionar la mejor fiabilidad interindividual.
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Nybo, M., Hodgson, L. A., Kawasaki, R., Wong, T. Y., & Grauslund, J. (2014). Hemoglobin is Associated with Retinal Vascular Fractals in Type 1 Diabetes Patients. Ophthalmic epidemiology, (0), 1-6. Purpose: Retinal vascular fractal dimension, a measure of the density of the retinal vasculature, has been suggested as a marker of systemic microvascular disorders in diabetes. As hemoglobin concentration is tightly related to vascular physiology and hypoxia, the hypothesis was that hemoglobin concentration would be associated with retinal vascular fractals in a relevant population
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
..hay una relación entre la disponibilidad de la hemoglobina y la estructura vascular de la retina.
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Review Papers Tom Lister ; Philip A. Wright ; Paul H. Chappell A survey of the literature is presented that provides an analysis of the optical properties of human skin, with particular regard to their applications in medicine. Included is a description of the primary interactions of light with skin and how these are commonly estimated using radiative transfer theory (RTT)
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
El análisis de la literatura sobre las propiedades ópticas de la piel ... demuestra la necesidad de realizar más estudios con un mayor número de pacientes
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Thurtell, M. J., & Longmuir, R. A. (2014). Third Nerve Palsy as the Initial Manifestation of Giant Cell Arteritis. Journal of neuro-ophthalmology: the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society. Objective:Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is rarely reported as a cause of third nerve palsy. We describe the presentation and course of patients with third nerve palsy as the sole initial ocular manifestation of GCA.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
En un mayor de 50 años con una parálisis aguda tercer par debería incitar a la iniciación del tratamiento con altas dosis de esteroides y biopsia de la arteria temporal.
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Donai, K., Inagaki, A., So, K. H., Kuroda, K., Sone, H., Kobayashi, M., ... & Fukuda, T. (2014). Low-molecular-weight inhibitors of cell differentiation enable efficient growth of mouse iPS cells under feeder-free conditions.Cytotechnology, 1-7. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are usually maintained on feeder cells derived from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In recent years, the cell culture of iPS cells under serum- and feeder-free conditions is gaining attention in overcoming the biosafety issues for clinical applications. In this study, we report on the use of multiple small-molecular inhibitors (i.e., CHIR99021, PD0325901, and Thiazovivin) to efficiently cultivate mouse iPS cells without feeder cells in a chemically-defined and serum-free condition.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
La aplicación de estos inhibidores les permitió el método de cultivo de acceso directo para la adaptación celular.
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Nemeth, G., Berta, A., Szalai, E., Hassan, Z., & Modis Jr, L. (2014). Analysis of Surgically Induced Astigmatism on the Posterior Surface of the Cornea. Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, NJ: 1995), 1-5. PURPOSE: To measure surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) on the posterior surface of the cornea using Scheimpflug-based keratometry on eyes with with-the-rule astigmatism. METHODS: Repeated Scheimpflug-based keratometry was obtained preoperatively and a mean of 8.65 weeks postoperatively following superior clear corneal incisions. Differences in the keratometric values and SIA were determined on the anterior and posterior surfaces separately and the data were analyzed.
AEOPTOMETRISTAS's insight:
El astigmatismo posterior corneal y SIA pueden tener un impacto clínico significativo en la planificación más precisa de cirugías de catarata.
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...para aplicaciones de uso general, el límite de perturbación se estima entre 3: 2% y 4: 1%.