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Scooped by
AEOPTOMETRISTAS
November 10, 2015 4:52 AM
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Hass, C. A., Angueyra, J. M., Lindbloom-Brown, Z., Rieke, F., & Horwitz, G. D. (2015). Chromatic detection from cone photoreceptors to V1 neurons to behavior in rhesus monkeys. Journal of vision, 15(15), 1-1.
Abstract Chromatic sensitivity cannot exceed limits set by noise in the cone photoreceptors. To determine how close neurophysiological and psychophysical chromatic sensitivity come to these limits, we developed a parameter-free model of stimulus encoding in the cone outer segments, and we compared the sensitivity of the model to the psychophysical sensitivity of monkeys performing a detection task and to the sensitivity of individual V1 neurons. Modeled cones had a temporal impulse response and a noise power spectrum that were derived from in vitro recordings of macaque cones, and V1 recordings were made during performance of the detection task. The sensitivity of the simulated cone mosaic, the V1 neurons, and the monkeys were tightly yoked for low-spatiotemporal-frequency isoluminant modulations, indicating high-fidelity signal transmission for this class of stimuli. Under the conditions of our experiments and the assumptions for our model, the signal-to-noise ratio for these stimuli dropped by a factor of ∼3 between the cones and perception.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
November 5, 2015 5:20 AM
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Morales-Fernandez, L., Martinez-de-la-Casa, J. M., Garcia-Bella, J., Mendez, C., Saenz-Frances, F., Garcia, M., ... & Garcia-Feijoo, J. (2015). Clinical Variability of Primary Congenital Glaucoma in a Spanish Family With Cyp1b1 Gene Mutations. Journal of glaucoma.
Background: Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a rare disease. In around a third of Spanish patien
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
November 4, 2015 1:13 AM
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McMonnies C. (2014). An examination of the hypothesis that intraocular pressure elevation episodes can have prognostic significance in glaucoma suspects. Journal of optometry. Abstract The efficacy of intraocular pressure reduction in retarding the progression of glaucoma has been demonstrated. This review examines the potential for prognostic advantage for glaucoma suspects in reducing their optic nerve head exposure to elevated intraocular pressure associated with activities which have been shown to elevate intraocular pressure. In this observational study, patients examined at the Centre for Eye Health (University of New South Wales) with a diagnosis of glaucoma suspect were surveyed to determine their histories for participation in activities which are known to elevate intraocular pressure. The evidence regarding the pathological significance of these sources of elevation in susceptible patients was examined....
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
November 4, 2015 1:03 AM
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Kim JR, Kim BK, Mun SJ, Chung YT, Kim HS. (2015). One-year outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE): mild to moderate myopia vs. high myopia. BMC ophthalmology, 15(1), 59.Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in high-myopic patients with those of mild- to moderate-myopic patients.Methods: This study included 183 eyes of 92 myopic patients treated with SMILE using a VisuMax 500-kHz femtosecond laser. Treated eyes were divided into two groups, according to the preoperative spherical equivalent (SE): mild to moderate myopia
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
October 20, 2015 6:21 AM
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Steinberg, J., Katz, T., Lücke, K., Frings, A., Druchkiv, V., & Linke, S. J. (2015). Screening for Keratoconus With New Dynamic Biomechanical In Vivo Scheimpflug Analyses. Cornea, 34(11), 1404-1412. Purpose: To improve keratoconus (KC) screening with new in vivo biomechanical Scheimpflug analyses.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
October 19, 2015 1:00 AM
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Wu J, Cho E, Willett WC, Sastry SM, Schaumberg DA. (2015). Intakes of Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Other Carotenoids and Age-Related Macular Degeneration During 2 Decades of Prospective Follow-up. JAMA ophthalmology, 1-10.
Importance Despite strong biological plausibility, evidence from epidemiologic studies and clinical trials on the relations between intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been inconsistent. The roles of other carotenoids are less thoroughly investigated. Objective To investigate the associations between intakes of carotenoids and AMD. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study, with cohorts from the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study in the United States.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
October 14, 2015 4:45 AM
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Fusar‐Poli, P., Cappucciati, M., Rutigliano, G., Schultze‐Lutter, F., Bonoldi, I., Borgwardt, S., ... & McGuire, P. (2015). At risk or not at risk? A meta‐analysis of the prognostic accuracy of psychometric interviews for psychosis prediction.World Psychiatry, 14(3), 322-332. ABSTRACT An accurate detection of individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis is a prerequisite for effective preventive interventions. Several psychometric interviews are available, but their prognostic accuracy is unknown. We conducted a prognostic accuracy meta-analysis of psy-chometric interviews used to examine referrals to high risk services. The index test was an established CHR psychometric instrument used to identify subjects with and without CHR (CHR1 and CHR2). The reference index was psychosis onset over time in both CHR1 and CHR2 subjects. Data were analyzed with MIDAS (STATA13). Area under the curve (AUC), summary receiver operating characteristic curves, quality assessment, likelihood ratios, Fagan's nomogram and probability modified plots were computed. Eleven independent studies were included , with a total of 2,519 help-seeking, predominately adult subjects (CHR1: N51,359; CHR2: N51,160) referred to high risk services. The mean follow-up duration was 38 months. The AUC was excellent (0.90; 95% CI: 0.87-0.93), and comparable to other tests in preventive medicine, suggesting clinical utility in subjects referred to high risk services. Meta-regression analyses revealed an effect for exposure to anti-psychotics and no effects for type of instrument, age, gender, follow-up time, sample size, quality assessment, proportion of CHR1 subjects in the total sample.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
October 7, 2015 7:05 AM
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Prenner, J. L., Halperin, L. S., Rycroft, C., Hogue, S., Liu, Z. W., & Seibert, R. (2015). Disease Burden in the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Findings From a Time-and-Motion Study. American journal of ophthalmology,160(4), 725-731.Purpose To examine the time burden of managing neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) imposed on physicians, staff, patients, and caregivers. Design Mixed-methods, prospective, observational time-and-motion study. Methods The multicenter study was conducted from March 2011 through August 2012. Retina specialists administering ≥50 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–inhibitor injections monthly were surveyed and completed records for ≥5 patients scheduled for office visits within 3 weeks for anti-VEGF injection or monitoring. A survey was administered to 75 neovascular AMD patients aged ≥50 years who received ≥1 anti-VEGF injection in the past 6 months. Telephone interviews were conducted with 13 neovascular AMD patient caregivers.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
October 7, 2015 6:54 AM
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Repka, M. X. (2015). Prevention of Myopia in Children. JAMA, 314(11), 1137-1139.
Opinion from JAMA — Prevention of Myopia in Children Myopia, commonly known as near-sightedness, is the inability to obtain proper focus of distant objects without use of corrective eyewear or refractive surgery and is among the most common problems encountered in ophthalmic practice. Both genetic and environmental factors have been associated with the development of myopia.1 Prevalence estimates for myopia vary widely depending on the population and age group studied. According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for the 2003-2008 survey years, 30.7% of the US population is affected with myopia.2 Among preschool children in the United States, less than 6% have myopia, although the prevalence increases with age, especially during school years.3,4
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
September 30, 2015 8:07 AM
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Wu, Y. T. Y., Willcox, M., Zhu, H., & Stapleton, F. (2015). Contact lens hygiene compliance and lens case contamination: A review. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye. Abstract A contaminated contact lens case can act as a reservoir for microorganisms that could potentially compromise contact lens wear and lead to sight threatening adverse events. The rate, level and profile of microbial contamination in lens cases, compliance and other risk factors associated with lens case contamination, and the challenges currently faced in this field are discussed. The rate of lens case contamination is commonly over 50%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens are frequently recovered from lens cases. In addition, we provide suggestions regarding how to clean contact lens cases and improve lens wearers’ compliance as well as future lens case design for reducing lens case contamination. This review highlights the challenges in reducing the level of microbial contamination which require an industry wide approach.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
September 22, 2015 7:33 AM
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He, M., Mathenge, W., Lewallen, S., & Courtright, P. (2015). Global Efforts to Generate Evidence for Vision 2020. Ophthalmic epidemiology, 22(4), 237-238. The 66th World Health Assembly approved the Global Action Plan (GAP) for the prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairment 2014–2019. The GAP is a commitment endorsed by all World Health Organization (WHO) member states to improve eye health for everyone in the next 5 years. For WHO, the GAP builds on and replaces Vision 2020: The Right to Sight initiative. In the Vision 2020 initiative, the goal was broadly defined as “the elimination of avoidable blindness by 2020.” WHO has re-defined the goal with GAP to be a 25% reduction in avoidable blindness and visual impairment by 2019 from the baseline of 2010. WHO specifies that at least three indicators should be collected: prevalence and causes of visual impairment, number of eye care personnel, and cataract surgical rate. Adoption of the GAP should not lead eye care professionals to perceive that Vision 2020 has “expired” or that ongoing Vision 2020 activities ...
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
September 17, 2015 11:48 AM
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Yoo, A., Yun, S., Kim, J. Y., Kim, M. J., & Tchah, H. (2015). Femtosecond Laser-assisted Arcuate Keratotomy Versus Toric IOL Implantation for Correcting Astigmatism. Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, NJ: 1995), 31(9), 574-578. Journal of Refractive Surgery | PURPOSE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy (FS-AK) versus toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for correcting astigmatism in patients with cataract.METHODS:A retrospective chart review was performed. All patients had senile cataracts with corneal astigmatism (range: +1.00 to +3.00 diopters [D]) before cataract surgery. Twenty-five
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
September 15, 2015 4:00 AM
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Sharma, P., & Menon, V. (2015). Correlation Between Structural and Functional Retinal Changes in Parkinson Disease.
Background: To evaluate structural changes in the retina and correlate those with visual function measurements in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).
Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study of 20 patients with PD and 20 age-matched healthy controls was conducted. Visual acuity, color visi...
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
November 5, 2015 5:23 AM
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Steinberg, J., Casagrande, M. K., Frings, A., Katz, T., Druchkiv, V., Richard, G., & Linke, S. J. (2015). Screening for Subclinical Keratoconus Using Swept-Source Fourier Domain Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.Cornea, 34(11), 1413-1419. Purpose: To discriminate between subclinical fellow eyes of patients with keratoconus (scKCE) and no
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
November 5, 2015 5:16 AM
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Chung, S. D., Ho, J. D., Chen, C. H., Lin, H. C., Tsai, M. C., & Sheu, J. J. (2015). Dementia is associated with open-angle glaucoma: a population-based study. Eye, 29(10), 1340-1346.
Eye is the official journal of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists. It aims to provide the practising ophthalmologist with information on the latest clinical and laboratory-based research.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
November 4, 2015 1:08 AM
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Framme C, Walter A, Berger L, Prahs P, et al. (2015). Selective Retina Therapy in Acute and Chronic-Recurrent Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmologica, 234(4), 177-188. Purpose: Selective retina therapy (SRT), the confined laser heating and destruction of retinal pigment epithelial cells, has been shown to treat acute types of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) successfully without damaging the photoreceptors and thus avoiding laser-induced scotoma. However, a benefit of laser treatment for chronic forms of CSC is questionable. In this study, the efficacy of SRT by means of the previously used 1.7-µs and shorter 300-ns pulse duration was evaluated for both types of CSC, also considering re-treatment for nonresponders
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
October 20, 2015 6:29 AM
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Jones-Odeh, E., & Hammond, C. J. (2015). How strong is the relationship between glaucoma, the retinal nerve fibre layer, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis&quest. Eye. Abstract Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder with established relationships with ocular structures such as the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Ocular imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) allow for quantitative measurement of these structures. OCT has been used in the monitoring of glaucoma, as well as investigating other neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we highlight the association between these disorders and ocular structures (RNFL and GCL), examining their usefulness as biomarkers of neurodegeneration. The average RNFL thickness loss in patients with AD is 11 μm, and 7 μm in MS patients. Most of the studies investigating these changes are cross-sectional. Further longitudinal studies are required to assess sensitivity and specificity of these potential ocular biomarkers to neurodegenerative disease progression.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
October 20, 2015 6:18 AM
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Lee, S. S. Y., Wood, J. M., & Black, A. A. (2015). Blur, eye movements and performance on a driving visual recognition slide test. Ophthalmic and physiological optics, 35(5), 522-529.Abstract Purpose Optical blur and ageing are known to affect driving performance but their effects on drivers' eye movements are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of optical blur and age on eye movement patterns and performance on the DriveSafe slide recognition test which is purported to predict fitness to drive. Methods Twenty young (27.1 ± 4.6 years) and 20 older (73.3 ± 5.7 years) visually normal drivers performed the DriveSafe under two visual conditions: best-corrected vision and with +2.00 DS blur. The DriveSafe is a Visual Recognition Slide Test that consists of brief presentations of static, real-world driving scenes containing different road users (pedestrians, bicycles and vehicles). Participants reported the types, relative positions and direction of travel of the road users in each image; the score was the number of correctly reported items (maximum score of 128). Eye movements were recorded while participants performed the DriveSafe test using a Tobii TX300 eye tracking system.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
October 14, 2015 4:47 AM
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Fusar‐Poli, P., Cappucciati, M., Rutigliano, G., Schultze‐Lutter, F., Bonoldi, I., Borgwardt, S., ... & McGuire, P. (2015). At risk or not at risk? A meta‐analysis of the prognostic accuracy of psychometric interviews for psychosis prediction.World Psychiatry, 14(3), 322-332.Abstract Purpose: To demonstrate the refractive changes of amblyopic children attributed to high anisometropia in the myopia endemic in Taiwan. Methods: Amblyopic children younger than 10 years with myopic or hyperopic anisometropia 3 diopters (D) or more who had follow-up for more than 2 years and had final visual acuity of 20/30 or better in the amblyopic eye were included. Results: The average age on the first visit was similar for the 13 myopic children (5.5 years) and 17 hyperopic children (5.3 years). Initially, the mean anisometropia was significantly different (myopic, 7.25 D vs. hyperopic, 3.89 D), but the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was similar between both groups at baseline (0.50 vs. 0.57). Myopization of the sound eye surpassed that of the amblyopic eye in the myopic group, which resulted in a yearly reduction of anisometropia of 0.51 D. However, hyperopia decreased synchronously in both eyes of the hyperopic children. The final degree of anisometropia was not significantly different between the two groups (4.07 D vs. 3.62 D). Conclusions: Growing up in a country with a high prevalence of myopia, children with myopic and hyperopic anisometropia in this study inevitably had myopization in both eyes. Myopic anisometropia decreases significantly over time, but hyperopic anisometropia remains constant.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
October 14, 2015 4:41 AM
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Megaw, R. D., Soares, D. C., & Wright, A. F. (2015). RPGR: Its role in photoreceptor physiology, human disease, and future therapies. Experimental eye research, 138, 32-41. Abstract Mammalian photoreceptors contain specialised connecting cilia that connect the inner (IS) to the outer segments (OS). Dysfunction of the connecting cilia due to mutations in ciliary proteins are a common cause of the inherited retinal dystrophy retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Mutations affecting the Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator (RPGR) protein is one such cause, affecting 10–20% of all people with RP and the majority of those with X-linked RP. RPGR is located in photoreceptor connecting cilia. It interacts with a wide variety of ciliary proteins, but its exact function is unknown. Recently, there have been important advances both in our understanding of RPGR function and towards the development of a therapy. This review summarises the existing literature on human RPGR function and dysfunction, and suggests that RPGR plays a role in the function of the ciliary gate, which controls access of both membrane and soluble proteins to the photoreceptor outer segment. We discuss key models used to investigate and treat RPGR disease and suggest that gene augmentation therapy offers a realistic therapeutic approach, although important questions still remain to be answered, while cell replacement therapy based on retinal progenitor cells represents a more distant prospect.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
October 7, 2015 6:58 AM
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He, M., Xiang, F., Zeng, Y., Mai, J., Chen, Q., Zhang, J., ... & Morgan, I. G. (2015). Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 314(11), 1142-1148.
Importance Myopia has reached epidemic levels in parts of East and Southeast Asia. However, there is no effective intervention to prevent the development of myopia. Objective To assess the efficacy of increasing time spent outdoors at school in preventing incident myopia. Design, Setting, and Participants Cluster randomized trial of children in grade 1 from 12 primary schools in Guangzhou, China, conducted between October 2010 and October 2013. Interventions For 6 intervention schools (n = 952 students), 1 additional 40-minute class of outdoor activities was added to each school day, and parents were encouraged to engage their children in outdoor activities after school hours, especially during weekends and holidays. Children and parents in the 6 control schools (n = 951 students) continued their usual pattern of activity.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
September 30, 2015 8:22 AM
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Narasimhaiah, P. C., Gupta, S., Khokhar, S., Vanathi, M., Dada, T., Pandey, R. M., & Agarwal, T. (2015). Corneal Polishing After Pterygium Excision With Motorized Diamond Burr: A Randomized Control Trial. Eye & contact lens. Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of motorized diamond burr polishing versus manual polishing after pter
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
September 22, 2015 7:39 AM
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Lin, M. C., Asbell, P. A., Margolis, T., McNamarra, N. A., Nichols, K. K., Nichols, J. J., & Polse, K. A. (2015). Dry Eye Disease. Optometry & Vision Science, 92(9), 922-924. Dry eye symptoms, reported by about 25% of patients, are one of the most common reasons for patient visits to eye-care professionals. 1 As various ocular surface conditions or diseases can lead to the same ocular symptoms, diagnosing, treating, and managing patients with dry eye symptoms can be challenging and frustrating to both clinicians and patients. Since the notable Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society’s international workshops on Dry Eye Workshop and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), 2,3 awareness of how significantly dry eye symptoms negatively impact quality of life has risen. In the past decade, clinicians and scientists have made significant strides in improving care for patients with dry eye symptoms. This special issue of Optometry and Vision Science highlights a collection of reviews, original articles, clinical reports, and clinical perspectives that provide readers with updates regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and management of dry eye symptoms that result from various causes. Our contributor articles are reported here under the topics of Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Management, and Clinical Perspectives.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
September 17, 2015 12:03 PM
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Tanihara, H., Inoue, T., Yamamoto, T., Kuwayama, Y., Abe, H., Fukushima, A., ... & Araie, M. (2015). One‐year clinical evaluation of 0.4% ripasudil (K‐115) in patients with open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Acta ophthalmologica. Abstract Purpose To investigate the intra-ocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects and safety of 0.4% ripasudil (K-115), a Rho kinase inhibitor, twice daily for 52 weeks, in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods In this multicentre, prospective, open-label study, 388 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, OHT or exfoliation glaucoma were enrolled and 354 of them were subdivided into four cohorts (monotherapy, 173; additive therapy to prostaglandin analogs, 62; β-blockers, 60; or fixed combination drugs, 59). The IOP reduction at trough and peak from baseline and adverse events was investigated.
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AEOPTOMETRISTAS
September 15, 2015 4:05 AM
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Charman, W. N., & Heron, G. (2015). Microfluctuations in accommodation: an update on their characteristics and possible role. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 35(5), 476-499.Abstract Purpose Following the recognition, some 80 years ago, that the accommodation of the eye is not stable but fluctuates over a range of about ±0.5 D, mainly at frequencies of up to a few Hz, there has been a continuing interest in the characteristics of these microfluctuations (MFs) and their possible role in the control of accommodation. This paper reviews relevant work carried out since 1988, when we previously reviewed the same topic (Charman WN, Heron G. Fluctuations in accommodation: a review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1988; 8: 153–164).
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"The cone mosaic model" proporciona un medio para comparar la #sensibilidad #visual a través de estímulos dispares e identifica las fuentes de ruido que limitan la sensibilidad visual.