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This ultrasensitive technology is called NEXOS (Nanoparticle EXOsome Sensing). It comprises two methods, the first is a novel patented and scalable nanoelectronics method, E-NEXOS, and the second, a high-throughput optical detection method, O-NEXOS. Both share the same steps for the immunocapture and antibody-labelling of exosomes and can be combined to derive differentiated detection parameters.

Optofluidic sensors integrate photonics with micro/nanofluidics to realize compact devices for the label-free detection of molecules and the real-time monitoring of dynamic surface binding events with high specificity, ultrahigh sensitivity, low detection limit, and multiplexing capability. Nanophotonic structures composed of metallic and/or dielectric building blocks excel at focusing light into ultrasmall volumes, creating enhanced electromagnetic near-fields ideal for amplifying the molecular signal readout. Furthermore, fluidic control on small length scales enables precise tailoring of the spatial overlap between the electromagnetic hotspots and the analytes, boosting light-matter interaction, and can be utilized to integrate advanced functionalities for the pre-treatment of samples in real-world-use cases, such as purification, separation, or dilution.

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by all cells and found in biological fluids, which can serve as minimally invasive liquid biopsies with high therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is a powerful technique to profile and quantify the protein content of exosomes but the current methods require laborious and time-consuming multi-step sample preparation that significantly limit throughput. Herein, we report a one-pot exosome proteomics method enabled by a photocleavable surfactant, Azo, for rapid and effective exosomal lysis, protein extraction, and digestion.

Capricor Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: CAPR) is a biotechnology company focused on developing transformative cell and exosome-based therapeutics and vaccines for treating and preventing a broad spectrum of diseases. Capricor’s lead candidate, CAP-1002, is an allogeneic cardiac-derived cell therapy that is currently in clinical development for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19. Capricor is also developing its exosome technology as a next-generation therapeutic platform. The Company’s current focus is on developing exosomes capable of delivering nucleic acids, including mRNA as well as proteins, to treat or prevent a variety of diseases.

Myocardial infarction (MI) represents a severe cardiovascular disease with limited therapeutic agents. This study was aimed to elucidate the role of the exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs-Exos) in MI.

We observed that depending on the concentration and physicochemical characteristics, specific NMs promote a significant increase in EV secretion as well as changes in their cargo, especially regarding the expression of proteins and miRNAs, which, in turn, were involved in biological processes that included cell communication, angiogenesis, and activation of the immune response, etc. Although further studies are necessary, this work suggests that molecular investigations on EVs induced by NM exposure may become a potential tool for toxicological studies since they are widely accessible biomarkers that may form a bridge between NM exposure and the cellular response and pathological outcome.

As a large, high-resolution instrument, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) can be used to study subcellular structures in addition to protein structural analysis. Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is for subcellular studies, such as the structure of organelles, the distribution of protein molecules, and the composition of cytoskeletons. Extracellular research includes exosomes, biomacromolecules and a series of nano-scale biomaterials. Combined with ultra-low temperature sample manipulation, cryo-EM can provide high-resolution information that connects molecular and cellular level knowledge in order to understand cellular function.

Expansion of clinical programs to investigate hMSC-EVs, including exosomes, requires maximizing EV/exosome productivity in a scalable manufacturing platform. EV productivity is determined during the upstream process by the number of cells and the number of EVs/exosomes produced per cell. Rapid and efficient cell expansion facilitates a greater yield of consistent and scalable hMSC-EV/exosome production. Improvements in EV/exosome productivity will be driven by bioreactor-based processes to amplify cell number and by media development to increase EVs produced per cell.

The exosome is considered a useful biomarker for the early diagnosis of cancer. However, pretreatment of samples used in diagnosis is time-consuming. Researchers at Kwangwoon University have fabricated a capacitance-based electrical biosensor that requires no pretreatment of the sample; it is composed of a DNA aptamer/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) heterolayer on an interdigitated micro-gap electrode (IDMGE)/printed circuit board (PCB) system for detecting exosomes in an undiluted serum sample. The DNA aptamer detects the CD63 protein on the exosome as the biomarker, while the MoS2 nanoparticle enhances electrical sensitivity.

The most abundant biomarker found in a liquid biopsy sample are exosomes. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle around 100 nm in diameter that derive from any and every cell in the body. During their formation, a diverse array of information from the parent cell is packed into the exosome, making for an excellent representation of the parent cell ex situ. For instance, the DNA contained in exosomes is representative of the entire genome and the mutational profile specific to the tumour cell from which it derives, offering the advantage over analysis of ctDNA, for example, which is fragmented and mostly derived from dying cells1. Exosomes, therefore, give a more current overview of the tumour landscape; something that is extremely important in such a rapidly mutating disease.

In silico functional analysis showed that the ESCs-Exo microRNAs‒target genes were primarily involved in homeostatic processes and cell differentiation and highlighted regulatory control of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B and TGFβ signaling pathways. This was also validated in vitro. Collectively, our results indicate that epidermal stem cells and ESCs-Exo are equally effective in promoting impaired diabetic wound healing and that ESCs-Exo treatment may be a promising and technically advantageous alternative to stem cell therapies.

HELA-Exos exhibit potent antitumor activity in both a mouse model and human breast cancer organoids by promoting the activation of cDC1s in situ and thus improving the subsequent tumor-reactive CD8+ T cell responses. The strategy proposed here is promising for generating an in situ DC-primed vaccine and can be extended to various types of cancers.

Ronawk has developed a new 3D solution that enables easy growth of large quantities of cells of a consistent phenotype. The company’s CEO and Founder A.J. Mellott, Ph.D. and Chief Revenue Officer Scott Leigh discuss the potential applications for the technology and their hopes for enabling significant advances in pharma manufacturing and beyond with Pharma’s Almanac Editor in Chief David Alvaro, Ph.D.

The use of milk exosomes as bioactive ingredients represents a novel avenue to explore in the context of human nutrition, and they might exert important beneficial effects at multiple levels, including but not limited to intestinal health, bone and muscle metabolism, immunity, modulation of the microbiota, growth, and development.

Detecting cancer at early stages significantly increases patient survival rates. Because lethal solid tumors often produce few symptoms before progressing to advanced, metastatic disease, diagnosis frequently occurs when surgical resection is no longer curative. One promising approach to detect early-stage, curable cancers uses biomarkers present in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). To explore the feasibility of this approach, we developed an EV-based blood biomarker classifier from EV protein profiles to detect stages I and II pancreatic, ovarian, and bladder cancer.

There has been growing interest in the development of exosomes as vehicles to deliver therapeutic substances to brain tissues and alter CNS functions. Being natural delivery vehicles for genetic material, several proof-of-concept studies have concluded that exosomes derived from the CNS and circulating in the blood have a BBB permeability similar to liposomes. But unlike liposomes, they accumulate in endothelial cells. Ultimately, the fulfillment of exosomal therapy may hinge on the development of suitable strategies for exosome production, characterization, targeting, and loading.

Researchers discover how some microRNA gets picked to travel inside tiny sacs to other organs and regulate metabolism at a distance. The finding could improve early cancer diagnosis and help treat diabetes and high cholesterol

Exosomes are nanosized (50–150 nm) extracellular vesicles released by all types of cells in the body. They transport various biological molecules, such as DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and lipids from parent cells to recipient cells for intercellular communication. Exosomes, especially those from tumor cells, are actively involved in caner development, metastasis, and drug resistance. Recently, many studies have shown that exosomal proteins are promising biomarkers for cancer screening, early detection and prognosis. Among many detection techniques, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a highly sensitive, label-free, and real-time optical detection method. Commercial prism-based wavelength/angular-modulated SPR sensors afford high sensitivity and resolution, but their large footprint and high cost limit their adaptability for clinical settings.

Scientists are finding that microscopic membranous bubbles called extracellular vesicles transmit messages from cells and do big jobs in many areas of biology — plus they might be useful for therapies. Call it the body’s postal system. Cells package goodies into little envelopes made of membranes. Then these packages cruise the bloodstream — billions of them in every milliliter of blood — to recipient cells far and near, delivering freight such as genetic material and proteins.

Exosomes are nano-size extracellular vesicles secreted by all cells, they are classified as nanoparticle based on size and they transport proteins and genetic information between cells. These exosomes hold promise to become powerful tools for targeted drug-delivery approaches.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) contains signaling and structural molecules that are central to tissue maintenance and repair. Recently, a subset of EVs residing within the extracellular matrix has been identified. Although some roles have been proposed for matrix-bound vesicles, their role as signaling molecules within the ECM is yet to be explored. Given the close association of EVs and the ECM, it is not surprising that EVs partly mediate repair and regeneration by modulating matrix deposition and degradation through their cellular targets. This review addresses unique EV features that allow them to interact with and navigate through the ECM, describes how their release and content is influenced by the ECM, and emphasizes the emerging role of stem-cell derived EVs in tissue repair and regeneration through their matrix-modulating properties.

Exosome production comprises intraluminal vesicles from endosomal compartments called multivesicular bodies, which are released into the extracellular compartment when the late endosomes fuse with the cell membrane.

Exogenus Therapeutics is an early-stage R&D company dedicated to the development of innovative products using naturally derived extracellular vesicles. Its lead product Exo-101 is recognized as a major advancement in the field of exosome-based therapeutics, and as a reference for an alternative clinical use for umbilical cord blood. Leveraging on its experience, Exogenus Therapeutics’ mission is to foster a new era of extracellular vesicle-based solutions to solve major healthcare challenges, through internal and collaborative R&D.