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Jat, H.S., Choudhary, K.M., Nandal, D.P., Yadav, A.K. & Poonia, T. 2020. Environmental Management. 65: 
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Alam, M.K., Bell, R.W., & Biswas, W.K. 2019. Journal of Cleaner Production. 224: 72-87.
Cornell Conservation Agriculture Group (soilhealth.org)'s insight:
This study looked at GHG emissions from monsoon rice grown on puddled versus non-puddled soils, with and without residue retention in Bangladesh. A cradle to farm-gate Life Cycle analysis was used to calculate GHG emissions. The GHG emissions with non-puddling and low residue retention were 31% lower than puddling and crop residue retention. Non-puddled with residue retention had 16% GHG emissions compared to the puddled treatment. CH4 was the main GHG comprising 63-67% of the GHS's. But non-puddling with residue retention gave the highest rice yield.
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Huang, M., Chen, J., Cao, F., Zou, Y. & Uphoff, N. 2019. Journal of Integrated Agriculture. 18 (1): 24-32
Cornell Conservation Agriculture Group (soilhealth.org)'s insight:
This study looks at the effect of no-tillage on hybrid rice in terms of yield and nitrogen requirement in China over a 10 year period. An interesting conclusion showed no difference in in yield, yield attributes and N-use between NT and CT. The data also showed that higher grain yield and N-use efficiency can be achieved with hybrid rice by transplanting a single seedling with or without tillage.
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This 5 year study looked at the effect of CA on energy budget, water productivity and profitability in rice-wheat (RW) and maize-wheat (MW) based systems of the IGP of India. CA based RW and MW systems enhanced crop productivity by 10 and 16%, water productivity by 56 and 33% and profitability by 38 and 32% compared to their respective CT systems. CA based systems also recorded the highest net energy and energy-intensiveness levels of 251 and 300% compared to the respective CT systems.