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Sandhu, O.S., Gupta, R.K., Thind, H.S., Jat, M.L., Sidhu, H.S. & Yadvinder-Singh. 2019. Agricultural Water Management. 219: 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.03.040 
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Jat, H.S., Choudhary, K.M., Nandal, D.P., Yadav, A.K. & Poonia, T. 2020. Environmental Management. 65:
Cornell Conservation Agriculture Group (soilhealth.org)'s insight:
This 5 year study looked at the effect of CA on energy budget, water productivity and profitability in rice-wheat (RW) and maize-wheat (MW) based systems of the IGP of India. CA based RW and MW systems enhanced crop productivity by 10 and 16%, water productivity by 56 and 33% and profitability by 38 and 32% compared to their respective CT systems. CA based systems also recorded the highest net energy and energy-intensiveness levels of 251 and 300% compared to the respective CT systems.
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Sithole, N.J., Magwaza, L.S. & Thibaud, G.R. 2019. Soil and Tillage Research. 190: 147-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.03.004
Cornell Conservation Agriculture Group (soilhealth.org)'s insight:
Soil degradation by soil organic carbon loss is a major concern in SSA. This study assesses the long-term (13 years) changes in SOC, aggregate associated C, particulate organic C (POC) and infiltration in sub-tropical, monocropping maize at 3 soil depths in South Africa. Tillage treatments were No-till (NT) and rotational tillage (RT) both with permanent residue cover and CT with residue removed. Nitrogen treatments were 0, 100 and 200 kg/ha. On average Total SOC did not differ between tillage treatments, but varied with depth where it was stratified in the 0-10 cm depth in NT and RT. POC varied and decreased significantly in the 0-10 cm depth with increased tillage intensity. They conclude that reduced soil disturbance improves physical protection of SOC, soil structure and infiltration but TSOC takes time to improve.
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NW India is suffering from over exploitation of ground water because of the traditional flood irrigation for rice and also low nitrogen-use efficiency. Maize-based systems are being promoted that use less water. Bed planting, straw mulching and drip irrigation also use less water. This 2-year study looked at permanent bed planting, surface drip irrigation, residue management and N-rate on crop and water productivity.Both wheat and maize under drip irrigation with residue retention showed 23 and 14% higher yields compared to furrow irrigation with no residue retention. This drip system with residues also saves water and increases water productivity in both maize and wheat crops compared to furrow irrigation. Fertigation in the drip lines with split applications increased N-use efficiency.