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Jat, H.S., Choudhary, K.M., Nandal, D.P., Yadav, A.K. & Poonia, T. 2020. Environmental Management. 65: 
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Huang, M., Chen, J., Cao, F., Zou, Y. & Uphoff, N. 2019. Journal of Integrated Agriculture. 18 (1): 24-32
Cornell Conservation Agriculture Group (soilhealth.org)'s insight:
This study looks at the effect of no-tillage on hybrid rice in terms of yield and nitrogen requirement in China over a 10 year period. An interesting conclusion showed no difference in in yield, yield attributes and N-use between NT and CT. The data also showed that higher grain yield and N-use efficiency can be achieved with hybrid rice by transplanting a single seedling with or without tillage.
Carneiro, M.A.C., Assis, P.C.R., Paulino, H.B., Rocha, M.R. & Teixeira, R.A. 2019. Rhizosphere. 10: 100149.
Cornell Conservation Agriculture Group (soilhealth.org)'s insight:
This study looked at the conversion of native areas of the Cerrado to no-tillage on the population of arbuscular mycorrhiza and nematodes. Three areas with no-tillage after 7, 11 and 14 years were compared with areas not impacted by agriculture. The results showed either a slightly reduced, slightly improved or maintained the functional diversity of arbuscular mycorrhiza and nematodes after 14 years of cultivation. However, cultivated areas reduced the mycorrirhiza fungi and increased plant parasitic nematodes.
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Kodzwa, J.J., Gotosa, J. & Nyamangara, J. 2020. Soil and tillage research. 197: 104515
Cornell Conservation Agriculture Group (soilhealth.org)'s insight:
Smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa fail to adopt all three CA principles because of lack of weed management methods (tillage), crop-livestock interactions (residue is an animal feed) and poorly developed markets for other diversified crops. Farmers do incorporate 1 or 2 principles but not all three.This study looked at these three principles to see what ones are most important for high yield with and without fertilizer. The results show that the order of importance for the three principles were mulch, reduced tillage and then rotation. The combined effect of all three on maize yields were higher than for CT and any two of the other principles together suggesting that all three give the highest yields.
Gonçalves, D., Sa, J.C de M., Mishra, U., Fornari, A.J., Furlan, F.J.F., Ferreira, L.A., Inagaki, T.M., Romaniw, J., Ferreira, A. & Briedis, C. 2019. Journal of Cleaner Production. 219: 136-147.
Cornell Conservation Agriculture Group (soilhealth.org)'s insight:
This paper looks at a farm using CA principles for 30 years to look at carbon sequestration. They used Century and Roth-C models to simulate the carbon stocks. Their data show that SOC continuously increased after CA practices from 1985 to 2015 and now is in equilibrium. Yields also increased with time with maize increasing more than wheat or soybeans. The paper presents data on the quantity of soil organic carbon increase over a 60 year period.
Ataei, P., Sadighi, H., Chizari, M. & Abbasi, E. 2020. Environment Development and Sustainability. on-line.
Cornell Conservation Agriculture Group (soilhealth.org)'s insight:
This study from Iran looked at the characteristics of the farmers who participated in a CA project based on a learning transfer system using a survey. They divided the into three groups, weak, moderate and strong learning transfer and then used discriminant analysis to see differences. Nine variables were identified as having significant affects on farmer's level of learning.
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This 5 year study looked at the effect of CA on energy budget, water productivity and profitability in rice-wheat (RW) and maize-wheat (MW) based systems of the IGP of India. CA based RW and MW systems enhanced crop productivity by 10 and 16%, water productivity by 56 and 33% and profitability by 38 and 32% compared to their respective CT systems. CA based systems also recorded the highest net energy and energy-intensiveness levels of 251 and 300% compared to the respective CT systems.