Today, the countries and populations of the Mediterranean are facing unprecedented and interdependent challenges, due to the knock-on effects of conflicts, climatic emergencies and demographic pressures. As a result of changing eating habits, countries are also increasingly affected by problems of obesity and diet-related non-transmissible diseases. At the same time, climate change is affecting the Mediterranean region much more than the rest of the world on average, leading to competing demands for land, water and energy sources, in a region already deeply shaken by the decline in natural resources.