The Cloning and Expression of Human Monoclonal Antibodies: Implications for Allergen Immunotherapy https://t.co/Ppkm8zBCUf
Abstract
Allergic responses are dependent on the highly specific effector functions of IgE antibodies. Conversely, antibodies that block the activity of IgE can mediate tolerance to allergen. Technologies that harness the unparalleled specificity of antibody responses have revolutionized the way that we diagnose and treat human disease. This area of research continues to advance at a rapid pace and has had a significant impact on our understanding of allergic disease. This review will present an overview of humoral responses and provide an up-to-date summary of technologies used in the generation of human monoclonal antibodies. The impact that monoclonal antibodies have on allergic disease will be discussed, with a particular focus on allergen immunotherapy, which remains the only form of treatment that can modulate the underlying immune mechanisms and induce long-term clinical tolerance.
KeywordsHuman monoclonal antibodies Allergen immunotherapy B cells Cloning Human Allergy
ConclusionThe storage proteins 11S globulin, 7S globulin and 2S albumin are “novel” allergens demonstrated in lemon seeds and homologous to the storage proteins in cashew.
ConclusionsAge and sex should be taken into account when interpreting the results of skin tests and sIgE measurement, and age‐ and sex‐specific normative data are needed for these allergy tests.
Read the latest article version by Dennis Ownby, Christine Cole Johnson, at F1000Research.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Abstract
Allergic reactions to pets have been recognized for at least a hundred years. Yet our understanding of the effects of all of the interactions between pet exposures and human immune responses continues to grow. Allergists, epidemiologists, and immunologists have spent years trying to better understand how exposures to pet allergens lead to allergic sensitization (the production of allergen-specific immunoglobulin class E [IgE] antibodies) and subsequent allergic disease. A major new development in this understanding is the recognition that pet exposures consist of not only allergen exposures but also changes in microbial exposures. Exposures to certain pet-associated microbes, especially in the neonatal period, appear to be able to dramatically alter how a child’s immune system develops and this in turn reduces the risk of allergic sensitization and disease. An exciting challenge in the next few years will be to see whether these changes can be developed into a realistic preventative strategy with the expectation of significantly reducing allergic disease, especially asthma.
Bertin Technologies worked with Genclis SAS to perfect the homogenization of cashew nuts in order to extract proteins recognized by IgE antibodies from aller...
RT @Aller_MD: Specific IgE to recombinant protein (Ber e 1) for the diagnosis of Brazil nut #allergy https://t.co/J5ei2tlKEf
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
None of the patients with IVA had severe egg allergy. Levels of specific IgE antibodies to influenza vaccine antigens, whole-vaccine products from different manufacturers, and hemagglutinin proteins (A H1, H3, and B) derived from both egg and cell cultures were significantly increased in patients with IVA compared with those in control subjects. Influenza vaccine-induced CD203c expression in basophils was also highly enhanced in patients with IVA but not in control subjects. Because IVA was most frequent in patients who received 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE)-containing vaccine, the effect of this preservative on basophil activation was examined, and the activation was slightly enhanced by 2-PE but not thimerosal.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is well known for its role in allergic disease, the manifestations of which are mediated through its two Fc receptors, FcεRI and CD23 (FcεRII).
by Merima Bublin, Maria Kostadinova, Julian E. Fuchs, Daniela Ackerbauer, Adolfo H. Moraes, Fabio C. L. Almeida, Nina Lengger, Christine Hafner, Christof Ebner, Christian Radauer, Klaus R.
by Taruna Khurana, Ekaterina Dobrovolskaia, Jessica R. Shartouny, Jay E. Slater Background German cockroach (GCr) allergens induce IgE responses and may cause asthma.
ConclusionThe response to OIT was associated with significant increases in serum allergen‐specific IgG1 levels after rush phase and high baseline IgA levels, compared with small changes in immunoglobulin response in low‐responders.
The prevalence of food hypersensitivity in the UK is still largely open to debate. Additionally its pathogenesis is also unclear although it is known that there are differing phenotypes.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Results
Cumulative incidence of food hypersensitivity by 2 years of age was 5.0 %. The cumulative incidence for individual food allergens were hens’ egg 2.7 % (1.6–3.8); cows’ milk 2.4 % (1.4–3.5); peanut 0.7 % (0.1–1.3); soy 0.4 % (0.0–0.8); wheat 0.2 % (0.0–0.5) and 0.1 % (0.0–0.32) for fish. The cumulative incidence of IgE-mediated food allergy was 2.6 % with 2.1 % reacting to hens’ egg. For non-IgE-mediated food allergy the cumulative incidence was 2.4 % (cows’ milk 1.7 %). Predictors for any food hypersensitivity were wheeze, maternal atopy, increasing gestational age, age at first solid food introduction and mean healthy dietary pattern score. Predictors for IgE mediated allergy were eczema, rhinitis and healthy dietary pattern score whereas for non-IgE-mediated food allergy the predictors were dog in the home, healthy dietary pattern score, maternal consumption of probiotics during breastfeeding and age at first solid food introduction.
Conclusions
Just under half the infants with confirmed food hypersensitivity had no demonstrable IgE. In an exploratory analysis, risk factors for this phenotype of food hypersensitivity differed from those for IgE-mediated food allergy except for a healthy infant diet which was associated with less risk for both phenotypes.
Peanut allergy is an IgE-mediated adverse reaction to a subset of proteins found in peanuts. Immunotherapy aims to desensitize allergic patients through repeated and escalating exposures for several months to years using extracts or flours.
Discuss how to improve understanding of current best practices in diagnosis of IgE and non-IgE mediated food allergy. Dr. Shreffler will go over strategies to raise awareness of the unmet needs in food allergy management.
Abstract: The house dust mite is one of the most common allergens worldwide. There is good evidence that house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy is efficacious and has long-term benefit in children.
Gilbert C FAURE's insight:
Abstract: The house dust mite is one of the most common allergens worldwide. There is good evidence that house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy is efficacious and has long-term benefit in children. However, the evidence of the benefit of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is less convincing. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate that efficacy and safety of dust mite SLIT in children with asthma.
Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases until February 2014 were searched. The primary outcome was mean change in asthma symptom score. Secondary outcomes included mean change in serum immunoglobulin G4 (sIgG4), specific Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and medication score. Safety was also assessed.
We found that SLIT significantly decreased asthma symptom score (P = 0.007) and increased sIgG4 levels (P = 0.011) greater than control in children (<18 years of age) with asthma. There was no difference between SLIT and control groups in specific D pteronyssinus IgE levels (P = 0.076) and medication score (P = 0.408). The safety profile was similar between groups.
Our study indicates that dust mite SLIT therapy was effective in reducing asthma symptoms and in increasing sIgG4 but did not significantly reduce medication scores or specific D pteronyssinus IgE levels. Our findings are not enough to support the use of dust mite SLIT in children with asthma.
by Adriana Turqueti-Neves, Manuel Otte, Christian Schwartz, Michaela Erika Renate Schmitt, Cornelia Lindner, Oliver Pabst, Philipp Yu, David Voehringer IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils contributes to protective immunity against...
The focus of this review is to present the recent advances on the interactions between basophils and peripheral blood and tissue memory Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, as well as their potential role in IgE-independent non-allergic chronic inflammatory disorders, including human inflammatory bowel diseases. Basophils interactions with the innate players of IgE-dependent allergic inflammation, particularly innate lymphoid cells, will also be considered. The previously unrecognized function for basophils in skewing adaptive immune responses opens novel perspectives for the understanding of their contribution to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
Hypersensitivity reactions to anaesthetic agents are rare but often severe, with a mortality ranging from 4 to 9% in IgE-mediated events. Identification of the risk factors may contribute to limit the incidence of these reactions.
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Immunotherapy And Immunomodulators (B Vickery, Section Editor)
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
February 2016, 16:15
First online: 16 January 2016