euralex_2010 | euralex

DÉCRYPTAGE - Que ce soit pour écrire un mail, une déclaration d’amour, une dissertation, voici les secrets de Bruno Dewaele au Figaro pour une maîtrise irréprochable du français.

Écrit-on «pallier quelque chose» ou «pallier à»? Quelle est la différence entre «sensé» et «censé»? Met-on un «s» au nombre «quatre-vingts» ? La langue française compte également d’innombrables règles à respecter pour avoir une orthographe irréprochable. Cependant, comment s’y retrouver quand les exceptions sont si nombreuses? Nous avons interrogé Bruno Dewaele, qui a remporté le titre de champion du monde d’orthographe en 1992 à New York, seul concours de ce type ayant rassemblé 112 pays dans la salle de l’Assemblée générale de l’ONU. Il livre ses conseils au Figaro pour devenir un maître de la langue française.

À LIRE AUSSI«À tout bout de champ(s)»: ne faites plus la faute!

1. Ayez confiance en vos capacités
Avant tout, pour avoir une bonne orthographe, il s’agit «d’y croire», commence Bruno Dewaele. Et «d’éviter par-dessus tout les excuses faciles du genre: “J’ai toujours été nul!”». L’orthographe est une matière dans laquelle il est toujours possible de progresser. «J’ai connu des étudiantes qui, au concours d’entrée en école d’orthophonie, passaient de 0/20 à 16 l’année suivante…

Nature of healthcare team terminology, ramifications of conceptual confusion and proposing standardized terminology with synthesized definitions

New words: entirely new headword entries appearing in OED for the first time
New sub-entries: compounds or phrases integrated in to the body of newly or recently updated entries
New senses: new senses integrated in to the body of newly or recently updated entries
Additions to unrevised entries: new senses, compounds, or phrases appended to the end of existing OED entries which have not yet been updated for the Third Edition

New word entries Abhidhamma, n.: “Esp. in Theravada Buddhism: the name of a psychological and philosophical system dedicated to experiential analysis of mental and physical states…” Abhidharma, n.: “The name of a psychological and philosophical system dedicated to experiential analysis of mental and physical states, alongside their related…” Amidism, n.: “A form of Mahayana Buddhism practised in Japan whose adherents seek rebirth in the untainted transcendent realm associated with the Buddha Amitābha…” anatman, n.: “The absence of any enduring, unified self that presides over the series of fleeting perceptions, volitions, thoughts, and sensations that constitute…” anatta, n.: “Esp. in Theravada Buddhism: the absence of any enduring, unified self that presides over the series of fleeting perceptions, volitions, thoughts, and…” anicca, n.: “Esp. in Theravada Buddhism: the quality or fact of being transient, impermanent, or mutable; the inherent changeability of physical and mental…” anitya, n.: “The quality or fact of being transient, impermanent, or mutable; the inherent changeability of physical and mental phenomena. Cf. anicca, n.” apophany, n.: “The baseless or irrational attribution of great or revelatory significance to an external event or internal experience, occurring during the…” apophenia, n.: “Psychiatry. The baseless or irrational attribution of great or revelatory significance to an external event or internal experience, occurring during…” plus one more sense… archaeobotanical, adj.: “Of, relating to, or concerned with archaeobotany; consisting of or relating to plant remains recovered from an archaeological site.” archaeobotanist, n.: “A person who analyses the plant remains recovered from archaeological sites; an expert or specialist in archaeobotany.” archaeobotany, n.: “The scientific analysis or study of plant remains from archaeological sites; the study of how people used or interacted with plants in the past…” archaeocyathid, n. and adj.: “Any of a large and diverse group (Archaeocyatha) of fossil sponges of the Lower Cambrian, the members of which had a calcareous skeleton, typically…” plus one more sense… archaeogenetics, n.: “The study of archaeological remains using techniques of molecular biology, esp. to identify and sequence residual DNA. Also: genetic relationships or…” archaeographer, n.: “An expert or specialist in archaeography; (now) esp. (chiefly with reference to Russia and eastern Europe) a scholar who discovers, studies, or…” archaeographic, adj.: “Of or relating to archaeography; esp. (chiefly with reference to Russia and eastern Europe) relating to or for the purpose of discovering, studying…” archaeolatry, n.: “Worship of or reverence for antiquity.” bhikkhuni, n.: “Esp. in Theravada Buddhism: a female member of a Buddhist monastic community; a Buddhist nun; = bhikshuni, n. Cf. bhikkhu, n.” bhikshuni, n.: “A female member of a Buddhist monastic community; a Buddhist nun; = bhikkhuni, n. Cf. bhikshu, n.” bird farm, n.: “An area of land on which plants are grown as food for birds. Obsolete.” and other senses… birdicide, n.1: “The action or practice of killing a bird or birds. Also: an instance of this.” birdnesting, adj.: “That searches for bird’s nests.” birdo, n.: “A birdwatcher.” birdscape, n.: “A pictorial representation of birds in their natural environment; a scene or environment characterized by the presence of, or created with the…” bird shit, n.: “coarse slang. Bird excrement.” plus one more sense… bird spotter, n.: “A person who or thing which spots birds; spec. a person who observes birds in their natural surroundings as a hobby, a birdwatcher.” bird-spotting, n.: “The activity or hobby of observing birds in their natural environment and recording their appearance in particular locations.” birdwatch, n.: “An instance of birdwatching. Also: an excursion to take part in birdwatching.” birdwatch, v.: “intransitive. To engage in birdwatching; to be a birdwatcher.” birdy, adj.: “Of, belonging to, or characteristic of a bird or birds; resembling (that of) a bird.” and other senses… bodhicitta, n.: “The consciousness that arises on the basis of the resolve to strive for enlightenment in order to liberate other suffering beings, regarded within…” boomeranger, n.: “A person who throws a boomerang.” plus one more sense… Buddha dhamma, n.: “Buddhism. Esp. in Theravada Buddhism: each of the eighteen personal qualities considered to distinguish a Buddha. Cf. Buddha dharma, n. 1.” plus one more sense… Buddha dharma, n.: “Buddhism. Each of the eighteen personal qualities considered to distinguish a Buddha. Cf. Buddha dhamma, n. 1.” plus one more sense… Buddha-nature, n.: “Inherent Buddha-like nature; esp. the potential in all beings for spiritual awakening or enlightenment.” bullwhip, v.: “transitive. To strike or thrash (a person or animal) with a bullwhip.” chip, n.3: “A sharp high-pitched cry made by a bird or other small animal. Also as int. (frequently reduplicated).” chip, v.3: “intransitive. Esp. of a bird or other small animal or insect: to make a sharp high-pitched cry.” chipa, n.: “In Paraguayan and Argentinian cuisine: a type of savoury bread made with cheese and (traditionally) cassava flour, and shaped into small round…” chip and chase, n.: “An act of chipping the ball over an opposition defender or defenders and chasing after it to attempt to regather possession or score a try.” chip fire, n.: “A fire made from small chips of wood or pieces of dung.” plus one more sense… chipmaker, n.: “A company that manufactures microchips. Cf. chip, n.2 15a.” plus one more sense… chip pan, n.: “A metal pan for collecting or burning chips of wood.” and other senses… chipper, n.4: “A shop selling fish and chips and (now usually) other takeaway food; = chip shop n. Cf. chippy, n.2 3.” chipperness, n.: “The condition or quality of being chipper; lively cheerfulness.” chiptune, n.: “A type of synthesized electronic music that mimics the timbre of sound effects from (typically vintage) personal computers, arcade machines, and…” chromosomic, adj.: “Of, relating to, or affecting a chromosome or chromosomes.” citta, n.: “The mind as the seat of both thoughts and feelings; a person’s cognitive and emotional faculties considered collectively. Cf. heart-mind n…” clear-cut, v.: “transitive. To cut down and remove every tree from (an area). Also (and earliest) intransitive.” comfort eat, v.: “intransitive. To consume food in an attempt to alleviate feelings of anxiety, boredom, negativity, etc., rather than to satisfy hunger, typically…” comfort eater, n.: “A person who consumes food in an attempt to alleviate feelings of anxiety, boredom, negativity, etc., rather than to satisfy hunger, typically large…” comfort eating, n.: “The action or habit of consuming food in an attempt to alleviate feelings of anxiety, boredom, negativity, etc., rather than to satisfy hunger…” conversion therapy, n.: “Treatment to change a person’s physical sexual characteristics using surgery, hormones, etc.” plus one more sense… corporativist, n. and adj.: “A supporter or advocate of a corporative state: see corporative, adj. 2.” plus one more sense… corporatocracy, n.: “Government or control by large commercial organizations; a governing or controlling group of corporations; a society or system that is governed or…” cultural Marxism, n.: “Used depreciatively, chiefly among right-wing commentators: a political agenda advocating radical social reform, said to be promoted within western…” plus one more sense… cultural Marxist, adj. and n.: “Of, relating to, or characteristic of cultural Marxism (cultural Marxism, n.) or cultural Marxists (see sense B.).” and other senses… curated, adj.: “Originally: of items in a collection such as a museum: looked after and preserved. Now frequently: (of a museum, art gallery, public garden, etc.)…” plus one more sense… curatorially, adv.: “By a curator, in the manner of a curator (in various senses of curator, n.). Also: in relation to or as regards curating.” curatorium, n.: “A group of curators (in various senses), typically acting as an advisory body.” Dalai, n.: “The spiritual leader of the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism, regarded as being the reincarnation of Avalokiteśvara, the most important Tibetan…” dark art, n.: “Sorcery; a practice regarded as malevolent or evil, esp. being concerned with the occult or supernatural.” plus one more sense… darkcore, n.: “A form of electronic dance music characterized by aggressive, syncopated breakbeats, low-frequency bass lines, and horror-themed sampled sound…” dark green, n. and adj.: “A person who is deeply committed to environmental causes or who holds radical green views. In plural (often): a faction adhering to such views within…” plus one more sense… dark side, n.: “With the. An aspect or aspects of life characterized as being shadowy, sinister, evil, criminal, etc., and viewed as constituting a distinct side or…” plus one more sense… dark-skin, n. and adj.: “A black or dark-skinned person; spec. (Australian) a person of Australian Aboriginal origin or descent. (obsolete).” plus one more sense… dark thirty, n.: “A period of time occurring before dawn; an unspecified hour in the very early morning. Also more fully o dark thirty, oh dark thirty, zero dark…” dark web, n.: “Websites and services on the darknet (darknet, n.), used esp. for criminal activity, which are hidden from standard search engines and allow owners…” detransition, v.: “intransitive. Of a person who has undergone or is undergoing a gender transition: to halt or reverse the transitioning process. Cf. transition, n. 7.” Dharmachakra, n.: “In various religious, philosophical, and cultural traditions originating in India: a design or motif in the form of a wheel having many spokes…” Dharmapala, n.: “In some forms of Mahayana Buddhism (esp. that practised in Tibet): a supernatural being that acts as a guardian of the dharma and its adherents.” dharmic, adj.: “Of, relating to, or in accordance with dharma (dharma, n.).” dine-and-dash, n.: “An instance of hastily or furtively leaving a restaurant, cafe, etc., in order to avoid paying for one’s meal; frequently as a modifier, as in…” dine-and-dasher, n.: “A person who hastily or furtively leaves a restaurant, cafe, etc., to avoid paying for his or her meal.” dining, adj.: “Engaged in eating a meal (esp. dinner), typically in a restaurant.” dining and dashing, n.: “The action or practice of hastily or furtively leaving a restaurant, cafe, etc., to avoid paying for one’s meal.” dukkha, n.: “Suffering or discomfort which arises as a result of the transitory nature of all phenomena, and is inherent in every aspect of human existence…” endarkened, adj.: “Made dark; enveloped in darkness. Chiefly figurative: lacking knowledge, understanding, or insight; marked by a lack of enlightenment.” endarkenment, n.: “The state of becoming less informed about something than was previously the case, or of finding a situation, subject, more obscure than before. Cf…” epigeneticist, n.: “Originally: a person who advocates or believes in the theory of epigenesis (see epigenesis, n. 1) (now historical). In later use also: a person who…” fabulism, n.: “The imagining or depiction of fanciful or fantastic things, now esp. as a literary style. Also: an instance or example of this. forensicate, v.: “transitive. To analyse (a crime scene, piece of evidence, etc.) using forensic science; to examine forensically.” plus one more sense… gen, n.2: “Usually with capital initial. Generation; spec. as the first (or occasionally second) element in compounds referring to demographic groups regarded…” plus one more sense… Gen X, n.: “The generation of people born between the mid 1960s and the early 1980s and following the baby boomers (see baby boomer, n.), originally…” plus one more sense… Gen Y, n.: “The generation of people born between the early 1980s and the mid 1990s and following Generation X, noted in particular for their increased…” plus one more sense… Gen Z, n.: “The generation of people born between the late 1990s and early 2010s and following Generation Y, noted in particular as the first generation to grow…” plus one more sense… gig work, n.: “Work performing music (later also comedy, etc.) before a live audience, esp. that in which the performer or group is engaged for a single one-night…” and other senses… glovework, n.: “Boxing. Work done with the fists and gloves when boxing; skilful punching or sparring. Now also: those elements of boxing training which require the…” plus one more sense… goop, n.2: “A viscous, semi-liquid substance or mixture, (now) often of an unpleasant or disgusting nature. Cf. goo, n., glop, n.” plus one more sense… goopy, adj.2: “That is viscous or semi-liquid, often in an unpleasant or disgusting way.” plus one more sense… half-dark, adj. and n.: “In a state or condition halfway between light and dark; semi-dark, dim, poorly lit.” plus one more sense… hut, n.2: “A small stack of grain or hay in a field.” ID, v.: “transitive. To establish the identity of (a person or thing).” plus one more sense… innerwear, n.: “Clothing designed to be worn under other garments, esp. next to the skin.” jhana, n.: “Esp. in Theravada Buddhism: profound meditation; (as a count noun) a particular form of this.” Kagyu, adj. and n.: “Designating one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (see sense B.); of, belonging, or relating to this school. Cf. Kagyupa, adj.” plus one more sense… Kagyupa, n. and adj.: “One of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the teachings of which were transmitted orally before being systemized by Sönam Rinchen…” plus one more sense… karmically, adv.: “In karmic terms; as regards karma.” kinhin, n.: “Chiefly in Zen Buddhism: the practice of walking meditation, esp. between periods of zazen or sitting meditation; (also) an instance of this. Cf…” light-cured, adj.1: “Of fish, pork, or other processed products: preserved by mild smoking or light salting.” light-cured, adj.2: “Of a resin or other composite material: hardened, fixed, or set by the action of (visible or ultraviolet) light.” light flyweight, n. and adj.: “A boxer who competes in a weight class falling below flyweight. Also: this weight class.” plus one more sense… light-foot, v.: “transitive (with it) and intransitive. To tread lightly; to move fleetly, nimbly. Also figurative.” light green, n. and adj.: “A person who is moderately or superficially committed to environmental causes, or holds moderate green views. In plural (often): a faction adhering…” plus one more sense… lightie, n.2: “A young person; esp. a boy or male adolescent.” lightish, adj.2: “Somewhat light in weight, substance, etc.; rather light (in various senses of light, adj.1).” light middleweight, adj. and n.: “Of or relating to the weight class light middleweight (see sense B.); designating a boxer or other competitor in this class.” plus one more sense… Lightner, n.: “As a modifier. Designating a double, esp. of a slam contract, which calls for an unusual opening lead; of or relating to this. Esp. in Lightner…” lightning bird, n.: “(A name for) any of various birds considered in folklore to portend, create, protect against, or otherwise be associated with lightning or fire. Now…” and other senses… light opera, n.: “An opera on a light or humorous theme; (as a mass noun) such works as a genre.” plus one more sense… light sail, n.2: “A structure incorporating a large, very thin sheet of reflective material, designed to use the pressure of (esp. solar) radiation to provide the…” lightshade, n.: “A decorative covering that is placed around an electric light to diffuse or direct illumination.” plus one more sense… light-skin, adj. and n.: “potentially offensive. Of a black or other non-white person: having pale or relatively pale skin.” and other senses… light-touch, adj.: “Esp. of a mechanism or the control of a machine, etc.: easy to control or manipulate, responding to very little pressure; requiring minimal effort or…” plus one more sense… lightweight, v.: “transitive. To reduce the amount or weight of materials used in the manufacture of (a product or its packaging), in order to maximize efficiency…” lightweighting, n.: “The process of building vehicles, etc., from lighter materials to reduce their weight and increase fuel efficiency; spec. the process of reducing the…” light welter, n. and adj.: “The weight class light welterweight, usually falling between lightweight and welterweight (see note); (also) a boxer or other competitor in this…” plus one more sense… light welterweight, n. and adj.: “A weight class in some forms of boxing and certain other combat sports, usually falling between lightweight and welterweight (see note). Also: a…” plus one more sense… metta, n.: “Unconditional love, goodwill, or benevolence, typically cultivated through meditation and directed towards all beings.” nail bar, n.: “A narrow four-sided block of iron or other metal from which nails are cut. Now historical.” and other senses… non-fungible, adj.: “Of a product or commodity that has been contracted for: that cannot be replaced by another identical item without breaking the terms of the contract…” plus one more sense… non-injury, n. and adj.: “Absence or lack of injury. Also: an instance of this; an injury that has not occurred.” and other senses… no-self, n.: “The absence of any enduring, unified self that presides over the series of fleeting perceptions, volitions, thoughts and sensations that constitute…” Parinibbana, n.: “The highest state of or final passage into nirvana (nirvana, n. 1(a)), esp. that which a Buddha or enlightened being enters at death. Frequently with…” Parinirvana, n.: “The highest state of or final passage into nirvana (nirvana, n. 1(a)), esp. that which a Buddha or enlightened being enters at death. Frequently with…” Pure Land, n.: “With the. Any of various untainted transcendent realms associated with particular Buddhas; esp. that associated with Amitābha. Cf. Jodo, n. 2.” plus one more sense… reputationally, adv.: “As regards reputation; in respect of reputation.” Sakya, adj. and n.: “Designating one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (see sense B.); of, belonging, or relating to this school. Cf. Sakyapa, adj.” plus one more sense… Sakyapa, n. and adj.: “One of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, founded by Khön Könchok Gyalpo (1034–1102) in 1073, and having a particular emphasis on…” plus one more sense… samatha, n.: “A form of meditation practised with the intention of achieving mental tranquillity; the state of tranquillity achieved by this. Contrasted with…” sesshin, n.: “In Zen Buddhism: an extended period (typically several days) of intensive meditation and practice; (now spec.) a meditation retreat.” shitpost, n.: “coarse slang. A nonsensical, irrelevant, or deliberately provocative post on social media, esp. one that is intended to amuse an in-group, elicit a reaction…” shitpost, v.: “Coarse slang. Intransitive. To post a nonsensical, irrelevant, or deliberately provocative message, image, comment, etc., on social media, esp. with the intention…” plus one more sense… short-leet, v.: “transitive (chiefly in passive). To shortlist (someone or something) for a post, prize, etc.; to put (a candidate) on a short leet (short leet at…” sutta, n.: “Esp. in Theravada Buddhism: a Buddhist sacred text in the form of a discourse attributed to the Buddha; (with capital initial and chiefly with the)…” tantrically, adv.: “By means of or in accordance with Tantrism; in a Tantric manner.” Tantrika, n. and adj.: “A person who follows the doctrine or principles of the Tantras; an adherent or practitioner of Tantrism.” plus one more sense… tater tots, n.: “A proprietary name for: bite-sized croquettes of shredded potato, fried or baked and typically served hot as a side dish. Also occasionally in…” techlash, n.: “Originally: opposition to digital or computer technology. In later use: spec. a strong and widespread negative reaction to the far-reaching power and…” Theravadan, adj. and n.: “Of, relating to, or characteristic of Theravada Buddhism or its followers or adherents; designating a Theravada Buddhist; = Theravadin, adj.” plus one more sense… Theravadin, n. and adj.: “A follower or adherent of Theravada Buddhism; a Theravada Buddhist. Cf. Theravadan, n.” plus one more sense… Theravadism, n.: “Buddhism as practised by the Theravada school, one of the two major traditions of Buddhism; Theravada Buddhism.” therking, n.: “The period between daylight and darkness, either at sunrise or sunset; twilight; = darking, n. 1.” thrashcore, n.: “An extremely fast variant of hardcore punk music, typically characterized by very brief song structures.” thrashen, adj.: “That is or has been thrashed (in various senses of thrash, v.).” thrasher, n.3: “Originally: a performer of heavy metal or rock music (cf. thrash, n. 5a). Now: a performer or fan of thrash metal (thrash metal n.).” threshen, adj.: “Of a crop: that has undergone threshing; threshed.” throshen, adj.: “Of a crop: that has undergone threshing; threshed.” Tibetic, n. and adj.: “Originally: the Tibetan language; = Tibetan, n. 2. Later usually: a subgroup of Tibeto-Burman which includes varieties of Tibetan and other closely…” plus one more sense… tots, n.: “Bite-sized croquettes of shredded potato, fried or baked and typically served hot as a side dish; = tater tots, n. Also occasionally in singular: a…” transfeminine, adj.: “Designating a person whose birth sex was male but whose gender identity is aligned with or characterized in some way by femininity; of or relating to…” transmasculine, adj.: “Designating a person whose birth sex was female but whose gender identity is aligned with or characterized in some way by masculinity; of or relating…” trouser department, n.: “The department of a shop or store where trousers are sold.” plus one more sense… wabi-sabi, adj. and n.: “Relating to or designating a Japanese aesthetic or world view characterized by finding beauty in imperfection, impermanence, or simplicity. Also…” plus one more sense… wreath-like, adv. and adj.: “In the manner of, or so as to resemble, a wreath; in a twisted, coiled, or entwined manner.” plus one more sense… write-protected, adj.: “Of a disc or storage device: containing data which is protected from being modified or deleted by a physical mechanism or software setting. Also of…” write protection, n.: “Protection in the form of a physical mechanism or software setting which prevents data on a disc or storage device from being modified or deleted…” Xennial, n. and adj.: “A person born between the late 1970s and early 1980s, after (or towards the end of) Generation X and before (or at the beginning of) the millennial…” plus one more sense… zafu, n.: “Esp. in Zen Buddhism: a round or (occasionally) crescent-shaped cushion used in seated meditation.” New sub-entries archaeozoological in archaeo-, comb. form: “of, relating to, or concerned with archaeozoology; consisting of or relating to animal remains recovered from an archaeological site.” archaeozoologist in archaeo-, comb. form: “(a) an expert or specialist in the study of extinct or fossil animals (= palaeozoologist, n.) (rare); (b) an expert or specialist in the study of…” archaeozoology in archaeo-, comb. form: “the scientific analysis or study of animal remains from archaeological sites; = zooarchaeology n. at zoo-, comb._form affix .” baby boom generation in baby boom, n.: “the generation of people born between the mid 1940s and the mid 1960s, following the Second World War (1939–45). Cf. baby boomer, n.” baby boomlet in baby boom, n.: “a small baby boom; spec. the marked increase in the birth rate between the late 1970s and early 1990s, when people born during the post-Second World…” there are no birds in last year’s nest in bird, n.: “Proverb. there are no birds in last year’s nest and variants: change is inevitable with the passing of time; all things in life are transient.” out of one’s bird in bird, n.: “U.S. slang. out of (also off) one’s bird: out of one’s mind; unable to think or act rationally or sensibly; crazy, insane. Also: (so as to be)…” the birds and the bees in bird, n.: “colloquial (euphemistic). the birds and the bees: the facts about human sexual functions and reproduction, especially as told to children.” bird course in bird, n.: “a university or high school course regarded as requiring little work or intellectual ability.” bird-hipped in bird, n.: “designating (a group of) dinosaurs having a pelvic structure superficially resembling that of birds, with the pubis pointing backwards; characterized…” bird hit in bird, n.: “a collision between one or more birds and an aircraft, typically involving the birds being sucked into the aircraft’s engines; cf. bird strike n.” bird-minder in bird, n.: “a person employed to prevent birds from eating a crop, typically by scaring them away.” bird observatory in bird, n.: “a building or facility where birds are observed and studied, and research is carried out.” bird room in bird, n.: “a room in which birds are kept; an aviary.” bird walk in bird, n.: “a walk undertaken (typically by a group under the guidance of an expert) to observe and study wild birds in their natural environment.” bird tick in bird, n.: “(a) any of various bloodsucking flies which are parasites of birds; cf. bird fly n., bird spider fly n. (now rare); (b) any of various ticks which…” bird fancier’s lung in bird fancier, n.: “an inflammatory disorder of the lungs resulting from an allergic response to antigens in dust created by the feathers, droppings, etc., of birds.” a little birdie in birdie, n.: “a little birdie: a source of information whose identity the speaker chooses to keep secret. Frequently used playfully in a little birdie told me. Cf…” to watch the birdie in birdie, n.: “to watch the birdie: to pose for a photograph by looking at the camera. Often in imperative.” bird’s-egg blue in bird’s egg, n.: “(a) n. a light greenish-blue colour; (b) adj. of this shade or colour.” bird’s-foot clover in bird’s-foot, n. and adj.: “(a) a leguminous plant of the genus Lotus, esp. L. corniculatus (= bird’s-foot trefoil n.) (now rare); (b) a clover with light green leaves, white or…” a bird’s nest on the ground in bird’s nest, n.: “U.S. regional (chiefly Texas). a bird’s nest on the ground: an opportunity that can be enjoyed or exploited with little effort; a highly advantageous…” bird’s nest pudding in bird’s nest, n.: “a baked pudding or pie containing apples (typically whole, cored apples arranged to resemble eggs in a nest) or other fruit.” blockchain in block, n.: “a sequence of digital records or ‘blocks’ linked using cryptography so that each block is verifiable and virtually unchangeable, which is distributed…” career path in career, n.: “the series of jobs or roles that constitute a person’s career, esp. those that enable someone to advance in a particular field.” cavemanlike in caveman, n. chip plough in chip, n.1: “a plough having a chip; spec. a type of plough having a horizontal beam forming the sole, on which the share is fixed. Cf. chep, n.” let the chips fall where they may in chip, n.2: “let the chips fall where they may and variants: come what may, whatever the consequences. In early use, more fully hew to the line, let the chips…” to put one’s chips on in chip, n.2: “colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.) to put one’s chips on: to place one’s reliance on, put one’s faith in.” chip paper in chip, n.2: “paper used to wrap takeaway food bought from a fish and chip shop, primarily to help the food retain its heat until it is eaten; (figurative) news…” chip mill in chip, n.2: “a mill used for chipping wood; (also) a factory in which wood chipping is carried out, especially for the industrial production of paper or paper…” chipwood in chip, n.2: “(pieces of) wood of a type suitable for cutting into chips; (later also) a type of board or thin construction material made from this.” chip leader in chip, n.2: “the player who has the largest number of chips, and therefore the largest amount of winnings, at a given point in a tournament.” chipset in chip, n.2: “a set of integrated circuits which are designed to function together to perform specified tasks within an electronic system.” chip time in chip, n.2: “the time taken by a competitor to complete a race or other timed event, as measured by means of a RFID chip carried with him or her, which registers…” chip-time in chip, n.2: “(transitive) to time (a competitor, race, etc.) by means of a RFID chip or chips (see chip time n.).” chip-timed in chip, n.2: “(of a competitor, race, etc.) timed by means of a RFID chip or chips (see chip time n.).” chip timing in chip, n.2: “the action or practice of calculating the time taken by a competitor to complete a race or other timed event using a RFID chip (see chip time n.).” chip breaker in chip, n.2: “(in woodworking and metalworking) a metal plate on a plane that is set above and behind the cutting edge to stiffen it, and to break up shavings as…” chip kick in chip, n.2: “a kick causing the ball to travel in a short high arc, typically used to send it over an opposition defender or defenders into a space behind the…” chip kicking in chip, n.2: “the action of kicking the ball in a short high arc, typically in order to send it over an opposition defender or defenders into a space behind the…” chip log in chip, n.2: “an apparatus for determining a ship’s speed in knots, consisting of a thin section of wood, loaded so as to float upright in the water, and fastened…” chip-proof in chip, n.2: “(a) (of a machine, mechanism, tool, etc.) designed so as to withstand the intrusion of, or damage caused by, small particles; (b) made from or coated…” chip seal in chip, n.2: “(in road maintenance) a surface treatment of asphalt with an embedded covering of gravel, crushed stone, slag, etc., applied to fill any underlying…” to chip and chase in chip, v.1: “Rugby. to chip and chase: to chip the ball over an opposition defender or defenders and then chase after it to attempt to regather possession or…” to chip and charge in chip, v.1: “Tennis. to chip and charge: to approach the net behind a sliced shot (usually a return of serve).” chipping hammer in chipping, n.: “a hammer with a head that is pointed at one end and (typically) shaped like a chisel at the other, used to chip apart hard or fused materials; (also…” circular economy in circular, adj. and n.: “an economic system in which the journey of a product, material, etc., leads back in some way to where it began; (now esp.) a system or process which…” corn chip in corn, n.1: “(a) (probably) a dried or toasted ear of corn (now rare); (b) a salty crisp or chip made with ground corn and typically eaten as a snack (now the…” corporate anorexia in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “excessive reduction in the workforce size, running costs, etc., of a business; poor performance caused by this.” corporate art in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “art works purchased by a business company or corporation, typically to project the desired corporate image to employees, investors, and clients, or…” corporate bank in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “(a) (originally) a bank having stock or capital owned by a number of people jointly (now rare); (b) (in later use) a bank providing financial…” corporate banker in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “a person or company engaged in corporate banking:(a) (originally) one who owns or runs a corporate bank (now rare); (b) (in later use) one who…” corporate banking in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “(a) (originally) the operations of a bank having stock or capital owned by a number of people jointly (now rare); (b) (in later use) the business of…” corporate bond in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “a security or bond issued by a private company (as opposed to one issued by a government, etc.).” corporate citizen in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “a company or corporation viewed as a citizen of a place or a member of society, (now) esp. when considered in terms of its engagement with the duties…” corporate citizenship in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “the position or status of a company or corporation viewed as a citizen of a place or a member of society, (now) esp. when considered in terms of its…” corporate espionage in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “spying directed towards discovering the secrets of a rival corporation, company, etc.” corporate raiding in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “the practice of buying a large number of shares in a corporation and using the resulting shareholder voting rights to push through changes intended…” corporate-speak in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “a form of language considered characteristic of businesspeople, esp. in containing jargon or in being obfuscatory, banal, or clichéd; cf…” corporate spy in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “a person engaged in corporate espionage.” corporate spying in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “spying directed towards discovering the secrets of a rival corporation, company, etc.; (now also) secret or unauthorized gathering of information on…” corporate state in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “a state governed by representatives of corporations of the employers and employees in each trade, profession, or industry; (also in extended use) any…” corporate tax in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “†(a) a tax on ownership of land or property payable to the municipal corporation within whose jurisdiction it is located (obsolete); (b) a direct tax…” corporate welfare in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “government support or subsidy of private business (esp. of large companies or business organizations) through tax incentives, grants, etc.” corporate welfare bum in corporate, adj., adv., and n.: “colloquial (depreciative). A business or business executive perceived to be exploiting tax loopholes or benefiting unduly from government subsidies or tax breaks (cf. corporate…” corporation tax in corporation, n.: “†(a) a tax on ownership of land or property payable to the municipal corporation within whose jurisdiction it is located (obsolete); (b) a direct tax…” cow chip in cow, n.1: “a piece of cattle dung; esp. a dried cowpat (cf. chip, n.2 6b).” cutting room floor in cutting room, n.: “used in various expressions referring to the destination of footage removed from a film or television programme, or (figuratively) to the imagined…” dark reaction in dark, n.: “the phase of photosynthesis in which glucose is produced from carbon dioxide, using ATP and NADPH formed by the light reaction (cf. light reaction n…” the darkest hour is just before the dawn in dark, adj.: “Proverb. the darkest hour is just before the dawn and variants: used to express or encourage an attitude of hope or resilience in the face of…” to go dark in dark, adj.: “To pause in or cease operation or activity.” to go dark in dark, adj.: “Of a person: to cease to be in communication. Also (occasionally) of a television channel, website, or other media outlet: to stop broadcasting; to…” Dark and Stormy in dark, adj.: “a cocktail made with dark rum and ginger beer poured over ice, and usually garnished with a slice of lime.” dark cell in dark, adj.: “a prison cell with no windows or other sources of light, in which a prisoner is kept in solitary confinement as a form of extreme punishment.” dark fantasy in dark, adj.: “a work of fiction, as a novel, film, etc., combining elements of horror and fantasy, typically sinister, bleak, or disturbing in tone or subject…” dark-looking in dark, adj.: “dark in colour or tone.” dark money in dark, adj.: “money obtained from illicit, unknown, or undisclosed sources; (U.S. Politics) money donated to non-profit organizations which is subsequently…” dark nebula in dark, adj.: “a non-luminous mass of dust and gas within a galaxy, observable because it obscures light from sources behind it.” dark pool in dark, adj.: “a private securities exchange in which investors, typically large financial institutions, are able to make trades anonymously.” dark tourism in dark, adj.: “tourism involving travel to places identified or associated with death, suffering, or tragedy.” dark tourist in dark, adj.: “a person who travels to places identified or associated with death, suffering, or tragedy.” Darktown in dark, adj.: “usually considered offensive. An area of a town or city with predominantly black or dark-skinned residents; frequently as a modifier.” darkwave in dark, adj.: “a style of rock music characterized by music played in a minor key combined with dark, sorrowful, and introspective lyrics.” dharma bum in dharma, n.: “a person who lives as a vagrant, or in an apparently aimless or purposeless way, in fulfilment of a higher spiritual duty.” dharma talk in dharma, n.: “a public talk, usually of a relatively informal nature, regarding some aspect of Buddhist teaching.” to dine and dash in dine, v.: “colloquial (originally North American). to dine and dash: to leave a restaurant, cafe, etc., hastily or furtively to avoid paying for one’s meal.” diner-like in diner, n.: “reminiscent or characteristic of a diner (sense 2b).” dining set in dining, n.: “(a) a set of plates, bowls, serving dishes, etc., typically of a matching design, used for dining; a dinner service; = dinner set n. (b) a set of…” dining room lumber in dining room, n.: “a toothpick.” done like dinner in dinner, n.: “Completely exhausted; spent. Chiefly with reference to horses.” done like dinner in dinner, n.: “Utterly defeated or outwitted; (also) cheated.” dinner break in dinner, n.: “a period when people stop what they are doing to eat dinner, esp. one in the middle of the working or school day; cf. dinner hour, n. 2.” dinner camp in dinner, n.: “(chiefly in stock driving) a place to make camp for food and rest late morning or midday during an overland journey of several days or weeks; (also…” dinner date in dinner, n.: “(a) an arrangement to dine with someone (now esp. someone in whom one has a romantic interest), typically in a restaurant; (also) an appointment to…” dinner dress in dinner, n.: “(a) (as a mass noun) clothing suitable for wearing at a formal dinner; (b) (as a count noun) a dress intended to be worn at a formal dinner.” dinner house in dinner, n.: “a dining establishment.” dinner pill in dinner, n.: “any of various proprietary pills or tablets claimed to promote digestion or prevent constipation.” dinner ring in dinner, n.: “an eye-catching dress ring, typically having an elaborate setting of a vertical design with several gemstones, suitable for wearing when dining out…” forensic scientist in forensic, adj. and n.: “a person who performs forensic science investigations; cf. forensic science, n. 2b.” gene drive in gene, n.2: “a natural or synthetic genetic element that introduces a bias in the relative chance of inheriting distinct versions of a set of genes, enabling one…” hamster rat in hamster, n.: “(a) a hamster, esp. the European hamster, Cricetus cricetus (now rare); (b) any of several African pouched rats of the subfamily Cricetomyinae.” heart-mind in heart, n., int., and adv.: “(chiefly in Eastern religions) the mind as the seat of both thoughts and feelings; a person’s cognitive and emotional faculties considered…” hut-to-hut in hut, n.1: “(a) (esp. of a search or inquiry) that involves going to a number of huts in an area in succession; cf. house-to-house at house, n.1 int.phrases 9…” ID card in ID, n.4: “a card carrying the holder’s photograph, name, date of birth, and other personal details, serving as official proof of their identity.” insight meditation in insight, n.1: “a form of meditation practised with the intention of achieving direct personal insight into the truth of Buddhist teachings; cf. vipassana, n.” intellectual disability in intellectual, adj. and n.: “(originally) any impairment of intellectual or learning ability; (in later use) spec. any neurodevelopmental condition affecting intellectual…” intimate partner violence in intimate, adj. and n.: “physical, sexual, or psychological abuse of a person by a partner, spouse, etc.” Islamic calendar in Islamic, adj.: “a traditional lunar calendar used in Islam, typically to determine the dates of religious festivals, rituals, etc., throughout the year.” kettle-cooked in kettle, n.: “cooked in a kettle or large pot; (now) esp. denoting a variety of potato chips (crisps) which have been cooked slowly in batches and are typically…” kiss chase in kiss, n.: “a children’s game in which players chase those of the opposite sex with the aim of catching and kissing one or more of them.” lateral flow in lateral, adj. and n.: “designating a simple and rapid method of screening body and other fluids for target substances that involves capillary flow of the fluid across a…” learning disorder in learning, n.: “any condition that impairs learning; esp. (more fully developmental learning disorder, specific learning disorder) any neurodevelopmental condition…” the light of a person’s life in light, n.1: “the light of a person’s life: a person’s chief source of joy, happiness, or inspiration; esp. the person that someone loves above all others. Also as…” in one’s true light in light, n.1: “in one’s (also its) true light: as someone or something really is, esp. rather than how he, she, or it typically appears to be. Cf. to show one’s…” lights, camera, action! in light, n.1: “lights, camera, action! and variants: used as an instruction to a film crew to begin filming (frequently in extended and allusive use, and also with…” worth a light in light, n.1: “British colloquial. worth a light: (usually in negative contexts) of the least value.” light adaptation in light, n.1: “(a) the process by which the eye adapts to an increased level of light, which involves constriction of the pupil and reduction of the sensitivity of…” light bar in light, n.1: “a bar or strip of (often flashing or coloured) electric lights; esp. (a) one on the roof of a police car or other emergency vehicle, used (often in…” light-catching in light, n.1: “that catches or reflects the light (see catch, v. 24); sparkling, glittering.” light detector in light, n.1: “a device, component, or substance that responds to visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light, esp. by producing an electrical signal; = light sensor n.” light fitting in light, n.1: “a part of or fitting for a light; esp. that part which is fixed to a ceiling or wall, into which a bulb is fitted; (also) a complete lighting unit…” light-harvesting in light, n.1: “(a) adj. that absorbs light and uses it as an energy source for biochemical or physico-chemical reactions, esp. in photosynthesis; of, relating to or…” light pipe in light, n.1: “(a) a cylinder or strip of (usually transparent) material along which visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light can travel with little energy loss by…” light-polluted in light, n.1: “affected by light pollution.” lightproof in light, n.1: “impenetrable by light; able to block out light completely.” light reaction in light, n.1: “(a) a reaction or response produced by light (cf. photoreaction n.); (b) Biochemistry the phase of photosynthesis in which energy from absorbed light…” light receptor in light, n.1: “(in a living organism) a structure which responds to light; a photoreceptor.” light sensitivity in light, n.1: “(a) the ability to respond or react upon exposure to light; the condition of reacting or responding to light; = photosensitivity, n. 1; (b) Medicine…” light sensor in light, n.1: “a device, component, or substance which responds to visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light, esp. by producing an electrical signal; = light detector…” light shaft in light, n.1: “a shaft which allows light to enter a room, house, apartment, etc.; spec. a vertical opening in the centre of a (multi-storey) building, typically…” light table in light, n.1: “a horizontal or tilted surface of translucent glass or plastic with a light behind it, used for viewing transparencies or photographic negatives, or…” light therapy in light, n.1: “exposure of a patient to artificial or natural light as a means of medical treatment; cf. phototherapy, n.” light tube in light, n.1: “(a) a pipe or shaft used to guide light into the interior of a building; = light pipe n.; (b) a cylinder or strip of (usually transparent) material…” lightworker in light, n.1: “(in New Age culture) a person who seeks to be a source or channel of spiritual enlightenment or positive spiritual energy, esp. by working as a…” to be light on one’s feet in light, adj.1 and n.2: “To be capable of moving one’s feet in a quick or agile way, esp. when dancing or playing a sport; to be agile or nimble.” to be light on one’s feet in light, adj.1 and n.2: “U.S. colloquial. Of a man: to be effeminate or gay. Cf. phrases 2d(b).” light as air in light, adj.1 and n.2: “(as) light as air, lighter than air, etc.: designating people or things of very little weight. Frequently (and in earliest use) figurative.” to make light work of in light, adj.1 and n.2: “to make light work of: to carry out (an action or task), or deal with (a person or thing) quickly and easily.” light bite in light, adj.1 and n.2: “a small quantity of food to eat; (in later use chiefly) a light dish or snack, esp. one that is offered on a menu; = lite bite n. Cf. bite, n. 3a.” light chain in light, adj.1 and n.2: “a small polypeptide subunit of a protein; esp. one of the two identical smaller polypeptide subunits of an immunoglobulin molecule that form part of…” light colonel in light, adj.1 and n.2: “a lieutenant colonel.” light commercial vehicle in light, adj.1 and n.2: “a motor vehicle, such as a van or pickup truck, used for carrying light loads or transporting a small number of people.” light machine gun in light, adj.1 and n.2: “a small portable machine gun (cf. sense A. 8); spec. any hand-held air-cooled machine gun with a calibre no greater than 8 mm.” light rail in light, adj.1 and n.2: “(originally) train rails of lighter construction than is usual or standard; (hence) a railway system using such rails, and intended to carry limited…” light relief in light, adj.1 and n.2: “something which (or sometimes someone who) offers a short respite from an intense, serious, or onerous activity, situation, etc.; an amusing or…” light sport aircraft in light, adj.1 and n.2: “a small aircraft such as a glider, gyroplane, powered parachute, etc., that is easy to operate and meets certain restrictions set by a national…” light truck in light, adj.1 and n.2: “a small truck or similar vehicle, designed to carry relatively light loads or transport a relatively small number of people.” light–dark in light, adj.2 and n.3: “of, relating to, or designating alternating periods of light and darkness, esp. the natural daily alternation of light and darkness, which drives…” light-eyed in light, adj.2 and n.3: “having eyes of a relatively pale colour, esp. blue or grey.” light-skinned in light, adj.2 and n.3: “(esp. of a non-white person) having pale or relatively pale skin.” light-hitting in light, adv.1: “(esp. of a person, usually in sporting contexts) that strikes something lightly or with little force; spec. (of a baseball or softball player) that…” lightbulb moment in light bulb, n.: “a moment of sudden realization, enlightenment, or inspiration.” lighter socket in lighter, n.2: “a socket in a vehicle, typically on the dashboard or centre console, for providing a charge to electrical devices.” light industrial in light industry, n.: “of, relating to, or belonging to light industry; cf. heavy-industrial at heavy, adj.1 5b.” lighting effect in lighting, n.2: “(frequently in plural) (a) the use of artificial lighting to create a particular effect in a play, film, television production, etc.; a visual effect…” lighting engineer in lighting, n.2: “(a) an engineer who designs or maintains lighting systems for streets, buildings, etc.; (b) a person responsible for the lighting in a film or…” lighting fixture in lighting, n.2: “a fitting to hold a lamp or (in later use) an electric light; esp. one fixed to a ceiling or wall in a building; (also) a complete lighting unit…” lighting unit in lighting, n.2: “a complete electric light, including one or more bulbs together with holder, shade or cover, wiring, etc.” to get off lightly in lightly, adv.: “to get off lightly (also to come off lightly): to avoid or evade serious punishment or consequences; to escape without serious injury or damage…” not to be taken lightly in lightly, adv.: “not to be taken lightly and variants: not to be regarded as insignificant or unimportant; not to be underestimated; cf. sense 6.” to wear one’s learning lightly in lightly, adv.: “to wear one’s learning lightly and variants: to be unpretentious or self-effacing about one’s knowledge, expertise, or intellectual achievements.” lightning never strikes twice in the same place in lightning, n. and adj.: “lightning never strikes twice (in the same place) and variants: an unusual or unfortunate situation or event is unlikely to happen again to the same…” lightning in a bottle in lightning, n. and adj.: “lightning in a bottle: something exceedingly rare and remarkable. Originally and chiefly in to catch lightning in a bottle and variants: to create or…” lightning storm in lightning, n. and adj.: “a storm accompanied by (much) lightning; a thunderstorm.” lightning round in lightning, n. and adj.: “a round in a game show, quiz, etc., in which questions are asked and answered in rapid succession, typically within a limited time period.” lightship basket in lightship, n.: “(in full Nantucket lightship basket) a type of handwoven basket originally made by the crews of lightships (see quot. 1891).” linear economy in linear, adj. and n.: “an economic system or process in which the materials involved in production, or the products themselves, are ultimately disposed of as waste without…” lite bite in lite, adj.2 and n.6: “a small quantity of food to eat; (in later use chiefly) a light dish or snack, esp. one that is offered on a menu; = light bite n. at light, adj.1…” mood lighting in mood, n.1: “(originally) stage lighting intended to suggest, evoke, or induce a particular atmosphere or frame of mind; (later also more generally) lighting of…” NFT in N, n.: “a non-fungible token (see non-fungible token n. at non-fungible, adj. compounds ).” police brutality in police, n.: “the use of excessive and unjustified force by the police, esp. when dealing with members of the public.” poverty porn in poverty, n.: “a film, television programme, piece of writing, etc., characterized as depicting economic or social deprivation in a voyeuristic or sensational…” prison-industrial complex in prison, n.: “(a) a correctional facility or unit in which inmates are put to work; (b) (originally and chiefly U.S.) the network of government and private…” proning in prone, v.2: “the action of turning a patient into the prone position in order to improve gas exchange in the lungs during mechanical ventilation.” to put oneself out there in put, v.: “to put oneself out there: to actively expose oneself to public attention or scrutiny, even at the risk of being vulnerable or subject to danger…” race-blind in race, n.6: “taking no account of differences in race or ethnicity; not discriminatory or prejudiced with regard to race or ethnicity.” second gentleman in second, adj. and n.2: “the husband of the vice president or deputy leader of a nation or state; spec. the husband of the vice president of the United States.” second lady in second, adj. and n.2: “the wife of the vice president or deputy leader of a nation or state; spec. the wife of the vice president of the United States.” shepherd’s hut in shepherd, n.: “a hut, typically on wheels, used by shepherds as accommodation while tending their sheep; (now usually) such a hut or a similar structure used as…” short squeeze in short, adj., n., and adv.: “a situation in which the price of a stock rises to such an extent that investors who have sold short (see sense C. 11(a)) purchase the stock in order…” singing bowl in singing, adj.: “a bowl-shaped musical instrument which produces a sustained note when a mallet is rotated around its outside rim, and which is typically used to…” size-inclusive in size, n.1: “(esp. in contexts relating to women’s fashion) including or representing a broader than usual range of clothing or body sizes, particularly those…” skin-lightening in skin, n.: “(a) adj. that makes (or purports to make) skin paler or lighter; used esp. of a cosmetic product or treatment designed for use by non-white people…” skin-whitener in skin, n.: “a cosmetic product or treatment that makes (or purports to make) skin paler or whiter, now esp. one designed for use by non-white people; cf. skin…” skin-whitening in skin, n.: “(a) adj. that makes (or purports to make) skin paler or whiter; now used esp. of a cosmetic product or treatment designed for use by non-white…” social listening in social, adj. and n.: “(in marketing contexts) the action or activity of monitoring and analysing social media content relevant to one’s product or brand, as a means of…” sound art in sound, n.3: “art, or an art form, that explores the creative potential of different types of sound, or that uses sound to achieve an artistic effect.” sound artist in sound, n.3: “a person who creates sound art.” summer romance in summer, n.1 and adj.: “a romance between two people who meet during the summer or on summer holiday, typically a passionate relationship lasting no longer than the summer…” thrashing out in thrashing, n.: “the action of discussing a matter thoroughly in order to reach a decision, consensus, or conclusion. Cf. to thrash out at thrash, v. phrasal verbs .” threshold effect in threshold, n.: “a phenomenon that occurs only once a particular critical threshold has been reached.” Tibetan Buddhism in Tibetan, n. and adj.: “a form of Mahayana Buddhism which places particular emphasis on the importance of the teacher or lama (lama, n.1 1a), evolved in Tibet and now its…” Tibetan Buddhist in Tibetan, n. and adj.: “(a) n. a person who practises Tibetan Buddhism; (b) adj. of or relating to Tibetan Buddhism or its teachings.” trials and tribulations in trial, n.1: “trials and tribulations: experiences, situations, and events that test a person’s endurance or forbearance; troubles, difficulties. Also occasionally…” trouser skirt in trousers, n.: “any of various garments combining features of both trousers and skirts; esp. a style of wide-legged trousers resembling a loose flowing skirt (e.g…” UBI in U, n.1: “universal (or unconditional) basic income, financial support provided by a government in the form of standard, recurring payments to individuals…” universal basic income in universal, adj., n., and adv.: “financial support provided by a government in the form of standard, recurring payments to individuals without the need for pre-qualification; (also…” visual art in visual, adj. and n.: “(often in plural, as visual arts) one of the creative arts intended to be appreciated by sight, such as painting, sculpture, film, etc.; (as a mass…” visual artist in visual, adj. and n.: “an artist who works in (a) visual art.” walking meditation in walking, n.: “(originally) any period of contemplation or reflection engaged in while walking; (later, chiefly in Zen Buddhism) meditation practised while walking…” warning sign in warning, n.1: “a sign that gives warning of some impending danger or hazard; (often figurative) an indication that a bad or dangerous situation or event is likely…” white privilege in white, adj. and n.: “the high status and accompanying rights and advantages accorded to white people in a society based on or characterized by racial inequality or…” a bird cannot fly with one wing in wing, n.: “Used proverbially to indicate the need for balance between two things, factors, elements, etc., esp. when one is required to ensure the effectiveness…” a bird cannot fly with one wing in wing, n.: “Chiefly U.S. and Irish English. Used (esp. humorously) to state that one alcoholic drink is not enough, typically as a justification when requesting…” wood chipper in wood, n.1: “a machine used for breaking down pieces of wood, especially large logs, into wood chips.” wreath-laying in wreath, n.: “the action or an act of laying a wreath on a grave or monument as a mark of remembrance, typically as part of a commemorative ceremony; (also) a…” to drop the writ in writ, n.: “Canadian. to drop the (election) writ: to call an election; cf. sense 4c.” writ petition in writ, n.: “a written order from a higher court to a lower court or courts, instructing them to act, or abstain from acting, in a particular way.” writer’s sand in writer, n.: “(a) a type of fine sand or a similar powdery substance used for blotting ink; = writing sand n. at writing, n. compounds 1b (now historical and…” writhingly in writhing, adj.: “(a) in a writhing manner; (b) so embarrassingly, distastefully, etc., as to cause a person to cringe or squirm.” writing hand in writing, n.: “(a) the hand with which a person usually writes, esp. the right hand; †(b) Medicine a position of the hand resembling that assumed when holding a…” writing down allowance in writing, n.: “a tax allowance granted to businesses, whereby the value of new assets (such as plant, equipment, or machinery) may be added to the written-down…” written-down value in written, adj. and n.: “the nominal value of an asset, after taking into account reductions resulting from factors such as a fall in price, depreciation, obsolescence, a…” New senses aboriginalism, n., sense 2: “With capital initial. Stereotyped or exoticized representation of Australian Aboriginal peoples which is regarded as condescending, patronizing, or…” archaeography, n., sense 2: “Chiefly with reference to Russia and eastern Europe: the field of study concerned with the discovery, analysis, and publication of ancient or…” archaeology, n., sense 3: “The collective artefacts, burials, structures, and other material remains of a particular people, locality, period, etc., recovered through…” Arhat, n., sense 1: “Jainism. A worthy or venerable figure; spec. any of the twenty-four Jinas (cf. Jina, n. 1).” bird, n., sense II.4: “A bird, (now) esp. a roast chicken or turkey, eaten as food; the meat of a bird.” bird, n., sense II.6: “Badminton. A shuttlecock. Cf. birdie, n. 3.” bird, n., sense II.7b: “slang. Any projectile or device designed to travel through air or space, such as a missile, rocket, satellite, etc.” bird, n., sense III.8: “A wretch; a fiend. Chiefly in terms of disparagement, as in bird of hell, devil’s bird, etc. Obsolete.” bird, n., sense III.10: “As a term of endearment or affectionate form of address. Cf. chick, n.1 2, hen, n.1 3b.” bird, n., sense III.12: “slang. A prisoner; a habitual offender. Frequently with modifying word. Cf. sense 19. Now rare except in jail-bird, n.” bird, n., sense III.14: “U.S. Military slang. A full colonel, as distinct from a lieutenant colonel; the rank of colonel. Frequently in to make bird: to attain the rank of…” bird, n., sense IV.18: “Golf. A score of one stroke under par on a hole; a birdie (birdie, n. 2).” bird, n., sense IV.20: “slang (chiefly U.S.). A kilogram of cocaine or some other drug.” bird, v., sense 1b: “intransitive. Australian and New Zealand. To catch or prepare mutton-birds for eating; = mutton-bird, v.” bird, v., sense 2a: “transitive. To observe the birds of (a place) as part of a birdwatching excursion.” bird, v., sense 2b: “intransitive. To engage in birdwatching; = birdwatch, v.” bird, v., sense 4: “transitive. Golf. To complete (a hole) in one stroke under par. Sometimes also intransitive. Cf. birdie, v.” birdcage, n., sense 2a: “A building, room, object, etc., which resembles a birdcage in its shape, structure, or function. Frequently as a modifier.” birdcage, n., sense 2c: “New Zealand. More fully birdcage car, birdcage carriage, etc. A type of railway carriage with a corridor the outside wall of which is enclosed only…” bird call, n., sense 2: “A call or cry made by a bird; such calls collectively.” bird dog, n., sense 2b: “U.S. Military slang and College slang. A single young man who tries to dance with, talk to, etc., a young woman who is part of a couple with another…” bird dog, n., sense 2c: “Forestry (chiefly Canadian). More fully bird dog plane. A small aeroplane that leads or directs water bombers fighting a wildfire.” bird-dog, v., sense 1b: “transitive. To find and recruit (someone) on behalf of someone else; esp. to recruit (a player) for a sports team.” bird-dog, v., sense 3: “intransitive and transitive. U.S. (originally College slang). Esp. of a single young man: to pursue young women; esp. to try to dance with, talk to…” birdeen, n., sense 2: “A young girl (used as a playful form of address). Cf. colleen, n.” birder, n., sense 1b: “Australian and New Zealand. A person who catches mutton-birds or prepares their carcasses for sale; = mutton-birder, n.” birdie, n., sense 3: “Badminton. colloquial. A shuttlecock. Cf. bird, n. 6.” birding, n., sense 1c: “Australian and New Zealand. The practice or activity of catching mutton-birds for food or sale; = mutton-birding, n.” birdlime, n., sense 1c: