Sign languages are minority languages!  | Metaglossia: The Translation World | Scoop.it

In order to truly ‘Leave No One Behind’ our social movements must forge ties and build solidarities that centre those experiencing multiple discrimination. 

Sign languages are minority languages! 
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NepalMinorities and indigenous peoples with disabilities in NepalDisability rightsLatest
 
9 August 2024

We know that languages are the vessels of our cultures and core facets of our identities. And we know that the right to communicate and be understood in our mother tongue is a bedrock, without which other fundamental human rights, including those to education, employment, healthcare and culture, cannot be fully enjoyed, or indeed, fought for

Did you ever consider that the same is true for sign languages? Despite common misconceptions that they are simply signed versions of their spoken equivalents, that they are invented, or otherwise just ‘not real languages’, they are in fact as richly diverse and complex as their spoken counterparts. They are the native languages of more than 70 million deaf people worldwide. 

Deaf identities are not defined by the absence of hearing, but rather by the presence of the social connections cultivated by shared experience and the use of a common language. We call this Deaf culture. Because of this shared culture, or cultures, although Deaf people are often understood as people with disabilities, many identify themselves as belonging to a linguistic minority community either instead of, or in addition to, having a disability. 

Although not all Deaf people identify within either a linguistic minority or a disability framework, nevertheless sign language users sit at a unique intersection of both the disability community and the linguistic minority community. As the World Federation of the Deaf puts it, ‘no other disability or language/cultural group can claim a similar intersectionality of rights.’ 

Deeply ingrained ableism and audism mean that they are marginalized within human rights discourses and overlooked by both the state policies and the civil society movements addressing the rights of people with disabilities and linguistic minorities. Deaf people and sign language users have intersecting identities that reflect the richness of human diversity. Unfortunately, these identities also intersect with multiple systems of oppression, which leads to aggravated discrimination, especially for deaf women and girls, deaf people belonging to minority or indigenous communities and deaf LGBTQI people.  

So, the right to learn and to use sign languages is crucial, because for so many, they are the main method of communication when using spoken languages is simply not an option. Recognition is essential for ensuring that deaf people can access essential services including education, healthcare, the justice system and emergency services.   

Yet 60% of countries worldwide have yet to achieve this important milestone towards the fulfilment of the rights of deaf people. There is an urgent need to protect minority languages, including the many diverse sign languages across the world. The 1996 Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights, initiated by PEN International, reminds us of the human right to be recognized as a member of a linguistic community. That includes sign languages. These states must recognize the sign languages spoken within their borders and translate this recognition into meaningful implementation. 

For Deaf people with minority or indigenous backgrounds (in the traditional sense), the impacts of audism and racism are compounded by their coexistence, forming intersectional discrimination. For example, Nepali Deaf activist Bishwamitra Bhitrakoti was born into a Dalit community, where Dalits have been a socio-economically, culturally and politically marginalized community for centuries. Disability and poverty perpetuate one another; Dalits are the poorest of the poor in Nepali society, and Dalit communities have elevated levels of disabilities. 

The country is home to numerous indigenous, local sign languages as well as the national Nepali sign language. Yet there is a lack of sign language instruction and interpretation in the country generally, and Bhitrakoti attests to very poor access to Nepali sign language in the socioeconomically marginalized rural areas where caste-based discrimination is also more pronounced – exemplifying the overlapping impacts of intersectional discrimination.  

Listen to Bishwamitra’s video statement from the Sixteenth Session of the United Nations Forum on Minority Issues.

Bhitrakoti has faced audism and ableism from hearing people as well as casteism and racism from Deaf people and the wider society. He recalls early experiences of witnessing his father merely endure further discrimination when attempting to speak out against it; it was this that inspired him to work against discrimination. He’s now the Communication Officer at the National Federation of the Deaf Nepal and Dalit with Disability Assocation Nepal (DDAN). He also trains young people in Nepali sign language. 

Access to mother-tongue education is vital to ensure inclusion and quality education in any context, and sign languages are no exception. Sign language instruction must be offered in all areas and stages of the curriculum to ensure that deaf children are not language-deprived, have access to quality education and are able to learn from deaf educators and alongside their deaf peers. It is also essential to avoid isolation and to promote a deaf identity and sense of belonging within the diverse cultures of deaf and sign language-using communities. 

All progressive and inclusive social movements can and should learn from the unique position of the deaf community in their own advocacy. Why? Their unique positionality underlines the vital importance of the principle of self-identification, the only way to identify both individuals and communities in a way that respects their agency and autonomy as rights-holders. Moreover, the complex positionality of deaf communities illustrates the importance of an intersectional lens and coalition-building across movements.  

Specifically, civil society in both the minority rights and the disability rights arenas must build links with local and national organizations of deaf persons and include them in their advocacy efforts. But more broadly, such a strategy of intersectional movement building via collaboration and coalition is essential to building a more equal world, for everyone. From climate and gender to disability and ethnicity, in order to truly ‘Leave No One Behind’ our social movements must forge ties and build solidarities that centre those experiencing multiple discrimination. 

 

Featured image: Sarah Young Bird Brown delivers her remarks in sign language during a rally by indigenous youth against the Dakota Access Pipeline and Line 3 Pipeline outside the Army Corps of Engineers headquarters. Washington D.C., USA. 1 April 2021. Credit: Allison C Bailey/Alamy Live News.

Author(s)

Lauren Avery

Disability Intersectional Programme Coordinator

Minority Rights Group