This article criticizes the predominant use of fear appeals in social marketing. Laboratory studies, which have been the basis for most of the research on fear appeals and which generally suggest that high fear works, have limitations that include forced exposure, short-term measurement, and an overdependence on student samples. Although, unfortunately, field research evaluations of fear appeals are few, they usually reveal that fear has both weaker effects and unintended deleterious effects in real-world social marketing campaigns. Ethical concerns about fear appeals include maladaptive responses such as chronic heightened anxiety among those most at risk and, paradoxically, complacency among those not directly targeted, and increased social inequity between those who respond to fear campaigns, who tend to be better off, and those who do not, who tend to be the less educated and poorer members of society. Alternatives to fear appeals are the use of positive reinforcement appeals aimed at the good behavior, the use of humor, and, for younger audiences, the use of postmodern irony.
"Mad Men" is famous for illuminating a bygone era, replete with three-martini lunches, glamorous clothing, and, of course, casual sexism.
The rampant sexism in "Mad Men" was typical of the 1960s, when the outlook for women in America was just beginning to change. While the "second wave" of feminism began in the '60s, mainstream America was still very much a "man's world."
The World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on Social innovationdefines social innovation as “the application of innovative, practical, sustainable, market-based approaches to benefit society in general, and low-income or under-served populations in particular”.
Traditionally associated with social entrepreneurs, this tool is increasingly being adopted by business. This is a trend to be welcomed, supported and replicated as companies - big or small, multinational or national - can contribute to taking the practice of social innovation to a significantly larger scale. And the world needs solutions at scale to tackle key societal challenges of our age, as Zia Khan, VP of Initiatives and Strategy at The Rockefeller Foundation, explains in this video.
Considerable evidence has established the link between high levels of physical activity (PA) and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)–specific mortality. Running is a popular form of vigorous PA that has been associated with better overall survival, but there is debate about the dose-response relationship between running and CVD and all-cause survival. In this review, we specifically reviewed studies published in PubMed since 2000 that included at least 500 runners and 5-year follow-up so as to analyze the relationship between vigorous aerobic PA, specifically running, and major health consequences, especially CVD and all-cause mortality. We also made recommendations on the optimal dose of running associated with protection against CVD and premature mortality, as well as briefly discuss the potential cardiotoxicity of a high dose of aerobic exercise, including running (eg, marathons).
Equating health promotion with trying to make populations healthier is broadly true, but how this is done is the key question. Part of my frustration with the profession of health promotion is the obsession on individuals’ lifestyle – how they eat and exercise for instance – as though this is the answer to tackling complex problems like obesity, diabetes and hazardous alc ohol consumption. I reject this premise passionately on many level
s, but mainly because it suggests that individuals live in a vacuum from social forces and that it assumes that human behaviour is simplistic and linear. It largely assumes that ‘educating people’ (or in some cases telling people) about healthy ways of living is the answer to eradicating such perils like childhood obesity. The social gradient of health shows that the poorer you are the younger you die and the more ill health you will have – so assuming that this body of epidemiological evidence is correct, the answer is not to address lifestyle, but to tackle poverty and everything associated with this(stigma, poor housing, marginalisation…etc) rather than addressing the issues that manifest as a result of poverty (drinking, smoking, poor diet).
"Iron tablets taken by millions of people could damage the body within just 10 minutes," the Mail Online reports; somewhat over-dramatically.
A study looking at cell samples in a lab, and not actual humans, did find some evidence of damage to DNA. Whether this would lead to serious damage to the body is unproven.
Iron supplement tablets, taken by millions worldwide, are used to treat a range of conditions, such as blood loss caused by heavy periods or internal bleeding caused by stomach ulcers.
Lack of iron is known as iron deficiency anaemia. It's also very common for women to develop iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy.
The study investigated an important question: do iron supplements, which are taken by millions, harm our blood vessels?
"A new study has suggested that exercising in your 40s could stop the brain shrinking," The Daily Telegraph reports.
A study found people with good fitness levels in their 40s had larger brains than their unfit peers when measured 20 years later. The concern is that people with smaller brains may be more likely to develop dementia.
The study, part of a big ongoing research project in the US (the landmark Framingham Heart Study) measured people's exercise capacity and heart and blood pressure reactions to exercise during a treadmill test, at an average age of 40.
The same people were assessed about 20 years later, with a repeat exercise test and an MRI scan to determine brain volume.
People with 20% less fitness compared to the average, had smaller brains by the equivalent of one additional year of ageing. A similar effect was seen for higher blood pressure or heart rate in response to exercise.
In a cabinet in London’s British Museum nestles a 5,300 year-old wedged-shaped tablet called acuneiform. On its surface is scrawled one of the earliest forms of written language in the world.
And it’s a record of Mesopotamian workers’ beer rations.
Clearly, humanity’s relationship with alcohol stretches back thousands of years, but a long relationship doesn’t necessarily mean a healthy one.
We know that alcohol is damaging to our health in a number of ways. And the one we’re most concerned about here at Cancer Research UK is its impact on cancer risk.
But we haven’t yet explored the science behind how alcohol affects and damages our cells, and how this can cause the cells in our bodies to develop into cancer.
The number of children under five who are overweight or obese has risen to 41 million, from 31 million in 1990, according to figures released by a World Health Organisation commission.
Because of the rising cost of treating illness coupled with the difficult economic environment, interest in health promotion is increasing worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants (e.g. smoking, physical activity, diet), and thereby improve their health. This is usually addressed by activities aimed at promoting healthy behaviors and creating healthy policies and environments in order to affect large segments of the population.
The impact of these activities is enhanced if healthy public policy is adopted across all sectors of society, especially by governments, including in settings such as urban planning not typically seen as part of the health system.
Chrono Therapeutics, the maker of a wearable, smartphone-connected drug delivery device for smoking cessation, has completed a small randomized trial that shows that nicotine replacement therapy delivered with its device can reduce cravings to a statistically significant degree compared to a placebo delivered the same way.
The trial was a randomized, double-blinded study of 24 adult men who smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day. After 30 hours using the device, either with nicotine replacement therapy or with a placebo, users were polled about their cravings during the day using three different validated outcome measures. The group getting the drug had fewer cravings, and those results were both statistically significant and clinically meaningful according to all three tests.
"Before we got the results we spoke with one of our clinical advisors," Chrono CEO Alan Levy told MobiHealthNews. "...He said 'Don’t expect to see a difference because in the phase one study, when the subjects are not being stressed at all, their cravings are very low. So don’t expect to see a difference between the placebo, because you don’t see that against the dumb patches or the drugs that are used for smoking cessation.' When we got the results, not only did we see a difference, but we saw one that was statistically significant and … clinically meaningful as well."
Chrono delivers nicotine replacement therapy in a similar manner as nicotine patches. But, rather than a gradual, timed release, Chrono's device delivers the drugs at particular times that coordinate with the user's cravings. At first, the drug is delivered at times when cravings are most likely -- like first thing in the morning and before meals. A companion app also delivers coaching to help users cope with cravings, and these messages are also timed to coincide with cravings and with drug delivery. In other words, it treats both the psychological and physiological symptoms of addiction.
"One of the major problems with all of these products is very poor adherence," Levy told MobiHealthNews. "With our product, it's the only product where we can measure whether they’re actually using the product. If someone buys one of the other patches, or a gum, you have no idea if they're actually using it. With us, there’s a sensor and we know if they’re using it and we can provide realtime reminders. And the other part of it is behavioral support. Providing encouragement, providing recognition, setting up networks -- all of those things significantly improve patients’ quit rates if they use them. We believe our compliance will be much higher, so in addition to a smart way of delivering the drug we’ll have improved adherence and a behavioral support that is much more effective."
Chrono has received at least $32.1 million in funding from Canaan Partners, 5 am Ventures, Fountain Healthcare Partners, Rock Health, and two strategic investors: GE Ventures and the Mayo Clinic. The company has also received NIH grants totaling $4.5 million to support research into its drug delivery system.
The company is still preparing to file for its FDA clearance, but predicts it will be cleared by the end of 2018. The next step will be to do a two-week trial in a real world setting where the device is actually compared against the status quo -- existing patches, gums, and behavioral programs. Once the system is cleared, it will be sold at a midrange price point for the market, according to Levy, around $500 for a 10-week course.
If smoking cessation is a successful use case, the company also intends to explore use cases in Parkinson's disease and opioid addiction.
"It is an epidemic," Levy said. "More people are dying from opioid overdose than automobile accidents and there is currently no FDA-approved approach to weaning people off of opioids, the way our system weans people off of nicotine."
Sazi da morire. Un’inchiesta dedicata alle cattive abitudini alimentari e al racconto di quanto queste incidono sulla nostra salute. Il Servizio Sanitario Nazionale non riesce ad affrontare la spesa crescente, allora come fare?
There is no shortage of health promotion efforts in our world. Everyone hears about them all the time, and those inclined to tune in here to what I have to say may be better informed in this area than most.
We have health promotion programs in schools, and at worksites. We have health promotion programs for churches, and supermarkets. We have health promotion efforts directed at the very young, and the very elderly, and championed by people in high places.
We have programs to help people lose weight, avoid diabetes, get fit, recover from a heart attack, or avoid one. We have free programs, incentivized programs and commercial programs.
And yet, all the while, we mostly just keep getting fatter and sicker overall. Admittedly, rates of obesity may have plateaued recently, but that's very cold comfort. At some point, you are pressed up against the ceiling, and can't keep going up; but you can remain squished there. We seem to be squished.
Researchers have found the minimum amount of running you need to do to improve your health.
Running for about 50 minutes per week, or around 6 miles, helps protect from high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, strokes, certain cancers and arthritis.
It gets better. There's also such a thing as running too much.
Running for more than an hour each day could increase your risk of heart problems.
Although, if you're running to lose weight, you won't burn too many calories by doing the minimum amount.
That logic is still the same — the more you run, the more calories you burn.
A new study shows that 54 million Americans whose BMI classes them as overweight and obese are in perfect health according to cardiometabolic measures, while 21 million whose BMI puts them in the normal category are unhealthy.
Altogether, say the authors, an estimated 75 million adults in the US are misclassified as either healthy or unhealthy when BMI is used as the sole health indicator.
The study provides more evidence to support the idea that a person's body mass index (BMI= weight in kg divided by height in m2) is a flawed measure of health.
In spite of this, BMI continues to be used as a yardstick for determining health status. Many employers use it to calculate workers' health care costs, note the researchers behind the new study, who report their findings in theInternational Journal of Obesity.
And soon, if a rule proposed by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is adopted, US employers will be allowed to charge employees up to 30% of health care costs if they fail to meet certain health criteria such as not having a BMI in the normal range (between 18.5 and 24.99).
The study, led by A. Janet Tomiyama, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), analyzed the link between BMI and cardiometabolic health using data from the most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
The cardiometabolic health data available in the NHANES gives measures of blood pressure, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin resistance and C-reactive protein (a marker ofinflammation).
A NEW “Health in Business” programme has been launched to encourage employers to consider their staffs’ health and wellbeing.
Nearly 100 local business and public sector representatives attended the launch event held by Warrington Borough Council and Warrington & Co at the Halliwell Jones Stadium.
The Health in Business programme aims to encourage companies in Warrington to develop responsible employer policies and practices which consider employee health and wellbeing, with a view to reducing staff sickness levels and increasing productivity, to benefit the local economy.
A review carried out by Price Waterhouse Cooper found that there is a 100 per cent return on investment from raising health awareness.
Cllr Maureen McLaughlin, executive board member for public health and wellbeing, opened the event. She explained the value of the health in business programme and how it will benefit Warrington.
Tre quarti del pubblico del Regno Unito indietro di un divieto di pubblicità di cibo spazzatura prima lo spartiacque 09:00 TV, secondo un nuovo sondaggio YouGov * pubblicato da Cancer Research UK oggi.
E uno su due sostengono una tassa sulle bevande zuccherate, che potrebbe contribuire a far fronte alla crescente epidemia di obesità infantile.
Questa nuova indagine * mostra un forte sostegno per il governo ad agire al fine di combattere l'obesità infantile, con la maggior parte (82 per cento) pensando che sia un problema.
Ha inoltre rilevato che il 69 per cento di sostegno riducendo la pubblicità di cibo spazzatura on-line e il 66 per cento di supporto taglio promozioni di prezzo sul cibo spazzatura.
Proliferation and apoptosis are opposing processes by which the cell numbers are kept in a delicate balance, essential for tissue homeostasis, whereas uncontrolled growth of cells is a hallmark of cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the commonest type of thyroid cancer, with some PTC following an indolent course, whereas the other ones are more aggressive.
Aim
To evaluate respective contribution of proliferation and apoptosis in the tumorigenesis of PTC by automated analysis.
Materials and Methods
We investigated the immunolabeling of phosphorylated histone H3 (pHH3), cyclin D1, active caspase-3, and bcl-2 in thirteen cases each of metastatic PTC, follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC), papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) and well differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP). FVPTC cases comprised seven encapsulated and six unencapsulated cases.
Results
Proliferation, as assessed by pHH3 and cyclin D1 immunolabeling, was increased in all PTC variants, including the putative precursor lesion WDT-UMP, compared to normal thyroid tissue. pHH3 was immunolabeled in more cells of metastatic PTC than of PMC and of encapsulated FVPTC. Surprisingly, metastatic PTC and unencapsulated FVPTC also demonstrated more cleaved caspase-3 immunolabeled cells than the other types. In contrast, increased expression of bcl-2 protein was seen in normal thyroid areas, encapsulated FVPTC and PMC as compared to metastatic PTC. Metastatic PTC shows higher proliferation than other types of PTC but unexpectedly also higher apoptotic levels. Similar results were also seen with unencapsulated FVPTC, thus suggesting that unencapsulated FVPTC has a potential for adverse outcome. Bcl-2 was immunolabeled in a low percentage of cells in WDT-UMP.
Conclusions
The expression of the proliferative protein pHH3 together with the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 may indicate an aggressive behaviour of PTC and loss of apoptosis inhibition by bcl-2 protein can further amplify the role of these proteins in tumor progression. Both cyclin D1 and bcl-2 could prove to be interesting markers of PTC precursor lesions. Automated/digital image quantification approach helps in refining the diagnostic accuracy.
Citation: Lamba Saini M, Bouzin C, Weynand B, Marbaix E (2016) An Appraisal of Proliferation and Apoptotic Markers in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Automated Analysis. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0148656. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148656
I recently spoke at the 5th Global Forum on Health Promotion, organized by the Alliance for Health Promotion, in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and the Global Health Program at the Graduate Institute in Geneva Switzerland.
The Forum was entitled Closing the Gap in Health Equity through Technologyand focused on how current and emerging technology foster health promotion for people throughout the world and particularly for people in marginalized and vulnerable populations.
A raft of research into employee engagement and business performance – brought together by Engage to Success and included in our New Ways Of Working report – reveals the damning consequences of a workforce that just feels ‘fine’: Engaged employees are 87 per cent less likely to leave the organisation than disengaged employees, and some estimates put the cost of replacing an employee as equal to annual salary; 70 per cent of engaged employees indicate they have a good understanding of how to meet customer needs, whereas only 17 per cent of non-engaged employees say the same; and 78 per cent of engaged employees would recommend their company’s products or services, compared to just 13 per cent of those who aren’t.
These statistics are a symptom of something so deeply set in the permafrost of most organisations, that we haven’t thought to question it – why are we treated like human resources, and not human beings, at work?
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