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Microeconomics: IB Economics

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February 13, 2020 3:12 AM

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If Boris Johnson really wants to improve the UK’s buses, he should look to Switzerland | Lynn Sloman | Opinion | The Guardian | Microeconomics: IB Economics | Scoop.it

From www.theguardian.com - February 12, 2020 4:40 AM

Graham Watson's insight:

A fascinating article about the deregulation of the bus network, suggesting that far from freeing private operators to run profitable services, deregulation has been a failure. Indeed, the only area where bus travel remains popular is London, where the bus network is publicly-owned

Lynn Sloman suggests that copying the Swiss system would improve the nation's transport links. However, there's one thing notable by its absence. Any detail regarding the comparative costs of the Swiss and the UK bus systems.

So this article might have appeal but you have to ask whether it makes economic sense.

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Economy

Microeconomics: IB Economics

A brief overview of relevant articles for IB, A-Level and Pre-U economists relating to microeconomic issues

Curated by Graham Watson

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Today, 2:24 AM

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From www.bbc.co.uk - October 5, 5:30 PM

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The government is looking at ways of making it easier to buy a house, with sellers and estate agents obliged to provide more information about the house, improving information and lowering the cost of buying a house.

The hope is that it will make the housing market more efficient.

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October 5, 2:53 PM

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Trump’s hatred for renewables means the US is falling behind the rest of the world | Climate science scepticism and denial | The Guardian | Microeconomics: IB Economics | Scoop.it

From www.theguardian.com - October 5, 6:00 AM

Graham Watson's insight:

And, unsurprisingly, as well as falling behind in the market for electric cars, the US is falling behind in all sorts of other ways in relation to renewable energy and other markets.

It doesn't help that the President is a climate change sceptic, or ignorant to a quite remarkable degree.

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October 5, 2:46 PM

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From www.bbc.co.uk - October 4, 10:43 PM

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Why does the US lag behind the rest of the world in terms of the take-up of electric cars? In short, there's a lack of innovation in the US and government policy hasn't been as accommodating as it has been in Europe, to the extent that the recent pick-up in sales reflects not a permanent change in consumer tastes but the fact that the government is ending a subsidy worth $7,500 (£5,588) at the end of the month.

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October 3, 11:00 AM

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Net zero aviation: turning what is technically possible into something commercially viable | Airline industry | The Guardian | Microeconomics: IB Economics | Scoop.it

From www.theguardian.com - October 3, 7:46 AM

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The prospect of aviation being net zero by 2050 is largely dependent upon technological advances, not least in terms of the commercial use of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The EU and UK have imposed mandates, stipulating that 2% of jet fuel should be sustainable, and this will rise to 6% in the EU and 10% in the UK by 2030.

Some airlines appear to have secured sources of SAF, but far from all - not least budget airline Ryanair who have dismissed the mandate as unattainable. although there are suggestions that it could become easier to produce 2nd generation SAF.

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October 2, 2:11 PM

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There are no good options at Thames Water. But temporary renationalisation is cleaner | Nils Pratley | The Guardian | Microeconomics: IB Economics | Scoop.it

From www.theguardian.com - October 2, 1:13 PM

Graham Watson's insight:

Another Nils Pratley piece looking at the danger of unsatisfactory intervention, with the future of Thames Water being debated. The notion that the government would allow a company not to comply with existing environmental regulation for a decade is absurd, and surely Thames' creditors must realise this.

This is why, on balance, it seems that Pratley argues for temporary renationalisation. That way the Augean stables may well get swept sooner rather than later, and things like the environmental costs of marine pollution prioritised over returns to creditors, which, to be fair, is what it should be.

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October 2, 3:26 AM

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The government has raised false hopes at Jaguar Land Rover. There has been no ‘decisive action’ | Nils Pratley | The Guardian | Microeconomics: IB Economics | Scoop.it

From www.theguardian.com - October 1, 1:10 PM

Graham Watson's insight:

Excellent evaluation of the government intervention to defray the costs of the cyber-attack on Jaguar Land Rover and an introduction to how lobbying distorts policymaking.

As Nils Pratley rightly outlines JLR should be able to access cash at a very reasonable rate of interest to sustain its operations; the same cannot be said for its smaller suppliers. Similarly, whilst JLR is likely to be heard by the government, the same cannot be said for its smaller suppliers.

All in all, a fudge. But one that could have been avoided. No doubt, the government will say that lending to smaller suppliers would represent more of a risk; however, not if JLR commit to continuing to buy from them.

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October 1, 12:59 PM

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From www.bbc.co.uk - October 1, 6:49 AM

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A costs related article for Year 13 economists to get their teeth into. Greggs have reported that their costs are rising, and as a consequence, they are going to have to increase the price of its breakfast meal deals and its biscuits. You should be able to model the effect of an increase in variable costs on equilibrium price and output.

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October 1, 3:29 AM

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From www.theguardian.com - October 1, 2:00 AM

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Does economic growth necessarily entail an environmental opportunity cost? Discuss.

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October 1, 3:18 AM

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From www.bbc.co.uk - October 1, 2:00 AM

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The government is intervening in the market for unhealthy foods - outlawing discounting on unhealthy foods, such as sweets and crisps, and similar BOGOF deals - "buy one, get one free". It's all part of a public health initiative designed to tackle obesity.

However, is it good economics? That, is very much open to question, and it also has implications for consumer choice and the cost of such goods for people on low incomes. Either way, my youngest son will be less than impressed.

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September 29, 3:27 PM

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From www.bbc.co.uk - September 28, 7:10 PM

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The BBC website carries this little insight into how the tiny Dutch village of Zaanse Schans, famous for its windmills is imposing an entry fee to control the number of tourists, and in doing so limit the social costs imposed by tourism.

It's not unique - Venice has imposed a €5 charge for day trippers - but Zaans Schans is planning to charge €17.50. This might seem like a lot but the village of 100 permanent residents is expecting to receive 2.8m visitors this year. You might also think how PED is relevant here...

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September 29, 2:27 AM

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From www.theguardian.com - September 28, 6:00 AM

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Another D&S story, that also illustrates why gold is so important as a store of value in the modern economy. However, in essence, it's basics...

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September 28, 3:18 AM

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From www.theguardian.com - September 27, 11:00 AM

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D&S and the US market for beef. The sort of story ever Year 12 economist should be reading to increase their familiarity with basic demand and supply issues. And with a bit more thought, I'm sure that I could come up with a few beef related puns to chuck into the mix, and outflank the average reader.

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September 28, 3:01 AM

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From www.bbc.co.uk - September 27, 5:00 PM

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So this is where we've ended up - the government has underwritten a loan from a commercial bank to ensure that Jaguar Land Rover can ensure that the largest supply chain in the UK car industry remains viable over the cyber shutdown.

I guess it's a sort of halfway house: an intervention of a sort but without the opportunity cost to the government that direct intervention would entail.cy

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Today, 2:20 AM

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From www.theguardian.com - Today, 1:00 AM

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Interesting times in the water sector, with the regulator, OFGEM, due to rule on whether or not five water companies - Anglian, Northumbrian, Southern, Wessex and South East - can increase their bills by more than the regulator initially proposed.

It's fascinating because they are going to argue that in order to fund much needed investment, the proposed price increases are too small, and you can see that this may well be true. However, in the context of the post-privatisation era, you might also argue that previous mismanagement of the companies has brought us to this point; the difficulty though is that the companies can't act retrospectively.

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October 5, 2:50 PM

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From www.theguardian.com - October 5, 9:30 AM

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It seems to be the case that the government are going to relax planning restrictions in the hope of kickstarting housebuilding. However, there's still disagreement about how far to go in changing legislation. Either way, it seems that the endless trade-off between economic growth and environment is going to be debated again in relation to the housing market.

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October 4, 3:41 AM

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UK electric car sales hit record high as taxpayer subsidies help attract buyers | Automotive industry | The Guardian | Microeconomics: IB Economics | Scoop.it

From www.theguardian.com - October 4, 12:00 AM

Graham Watson's insight:

Nice little D&S story that Year 12 economists should be starting to get their teeth into. There's been an increase in the number of electric cars sold as a result of the reintroduction of a subsidy designed to encourage their take-up.

As a result, battery EV sales are up by a third and "plug-in hybrids, which combine a petrol engine with a smaller battery that can be recharged by cable, jumped by 56% to 38,300". The extent to which the quantity demanded will have increase depends upon the size of the subsidy and PED/PES, of course.

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October 3, 10:44 AM

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From www.bbc.co.uk - October 3, 6:01 AM

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The ONS has investigated the cost of women having children on their post-childbirth pay. Indeed, as the article states "Five years after having their first child, mums' earnings drop by an average of £1,051 a month compared with their salary one year before having a child" with their earnings further affected as they have more children.

It's a stark reminder of the existence of the gender pay gap and how far we've got to go in tackling it, with some staggering figures produced: the total loss in earnings when having their first child is £65,618, £26,317 for a second child and £32,456 for a third.

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October 2, 1:49 PM

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Thames Water creditors ask for up to 15 years’ leniency from river pollution rules | Thames Water | The Guardian | Microeconomics: IB Economics | Scoop.it

From www.theguardian.com - October 2, 7:42 AM

Graham Watson's insight:

Apologies for one of my 'going off piste' moments.

However, the executives who've allowed Thames Water to get into this state should face criminal prosecution for flouting environmental law. It will be the case that they are no longer in post, but this has been a persistent campaign to evade the law and should be treated as such.

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October 1, 1:36 PM

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From www.theguardian.com - October 1, 7:00 AM

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This Nick Dearden article highlights the ongoing stand-off between big pharma and the UK government. The former have postponed nearly £2bn of investment, the latter are accused of negotiating down the price of drugs to an uncompetitive level, and the voluntary scheme for branded medicines pricing, access and growth.

It's also interesting to note that their are suggestions that there's been some collusion among the drug companies when they announced the postponement of investment so closely together - something that's not inconceivable.

It's almost as if there's a bilateral monopoly in the sector.

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October 1, 3:31 AM

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From www.theguardian.com - October 1, 2:00 AM

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In a similar vein, are there inevitable environmental costs to increased tourism? This article looks at an explosion of tourism in Lapland and the potential external costs that this entails.

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October 1, 3:21 AM

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From www.bbc.co.uk - September 30, 7:01 PM

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The latest version of the energy price cap - or more technically the Energy Price Guarantee - which will see the average energy price increase by 2% per year. However, households are currently £4.4bn in debt to energy companies and there are concerns that this will get worse, even with interventions such as the Warm Home Discount, which knocks £150 off winter bills for one in five households.

Fuel poverty, it seems, is here to stay.

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September 30, 2:22 AM

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From www.theguardian.com - September 29, 2:18 PM

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Not sure what to make of this: US coal production has fallen in line with the falling share of coal-fired electricity generation - from 50% of the total in 2004, to around 15% today.

And whilst everyone else is moving towards cleaner fuels, the US is spending $625m reviving the dirtiest fossil fuel - coal mining. It just strikes me as a retrograde step given the environmental impacts.

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September 29, 3:13 AM

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From www.theguardian.com - September 28, 7:06 AM

Graham Watson's insight:

Interesting Heather Stewart article looking at the extent to which the US is supporting Javier Milei's government in Argentina, the effects of his two years in power on the Argentinian economy.

Elected on the basis of his opposition to the status quo, Milei has cut public spending, tackled the trade unions and privatized a number of industries, straight from the Thatcherite playbook. However, although these policies have proved popular with the IMF, have the increased economic welfare in the economy?

A number of indicators suggest not: unemployment is up, and under-employment may also have increased, real wages and investment has fallen. But is this the price that has to be paid for driving out inflation and getting the economy back on track? We shall see...

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September 29, 2:25 AM

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More than 1m UK workers to gain more rights under employment bill, says thinktank | Zero-hours contracts | The Guardian | Microeconomics: IB Economics | Scoop.it

From www.theguardian.com - September 29, 1:00 AM

Graham Watson's insight:

The issue of workers' rights has become more pressing with the increased use of zero-hour contracts and the rise of the gig economy. However, the issue of strengthening those rights is vexed: to many it's to protect employees from exploitation but it comes at a cost - literally higher costs - that businesses oppose, with some saying that it will be enough to drive them out of business.

I'm always suspicious of this: if you're previously making a profit, then it might affect your profit margins - so adapt. In the second instance, why is it assumed that such a move is going to lower productivity? Might it not increase it?

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September 28, 3:15 AM

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Profiteers or keeping the lights on? The power plants that make millions a day | Energy industry | The Guardian | Microeconomics: IB Economics | Scoop.it

From www.theguardian.com - September 27, 9:00 AM

Graham Watson's insight:

If you look at this from the perspective of energy security, then this is a macroeconomic story. However, from a profit perspective, this poses the question as to whether the extent to which these marginal power stations that generate power when existing capacity is strained should be able to make what seem like supernormal profits.

Ordinarily, UK electricity market prices are between £60 and £100 per megawatt-hour. However, in Winter 2022, Rye House, a gas-fired plant charged £6,000 for every megawatt-hour it generated. Not only does this seem a lot, but it's also not environmentally very friendly.

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Microeconomics: IB Economics

Buyers could save hundreds in new house buying shakeup

Trump’s hatred for renewables means the US is falling behind the rest of the world | Climate science scepticism and denial | The Guardian

How the US got left behind in the global electric car race

Net zero aviation: turning what is technically possible into something commercially viable | Airline industry | The Guardian

There are no good options at Thames Water. But temporary renationalisation is cleaner | Nils Pratley | The Guardian

The government has raised false hopes at Jaguar Land Rover. There has been no ‘decisive action’ | Nils Pratley | The Guardian

Greggs set to raise prices again in response to cost pressures, says CEO

Revealed: Europe losing 600 football pitches of nature and crop land a day | Conservation | The Guardian

'Buy one, get one free' deals for unhealthy food banned in supermarkets

Zaanse Schans: The picturesque Dutch village set to charge tourists an entry fee

Bullion bonanza: why is gold hitting record highs? | Gold | The Guardian

A lot at steak: US beef and cattle prices soar to record highs | Beef | The Guardian

Government to guarantee £1.5bn Jaguar Land Rover loan after cyber shutdown

Water bills: millions of households in England could face even bigger rises | Water bills | The Guardian

Ministers to announce significant changes to UK’s planning system | Planning policy | The Guardian

UK electric car sales hit record high as taxpayer subsidies help attract buyers | Automotive industry | The Guardian

True cost of becoming a mum highlighted in new data on pay

Thames Water creditors ask for up to 15 years’ leniency from river pollution rules | Thames Water | The Guardian

Big pharma is at war with the UK, and the government can’t back down now | Nick Dearden | The Guardian

The Santa Claus effect: how expanding tourism ate into Lapland’s green space | Environment | The Guardian

Suppliers want help for billpayers as energy prices rise

Trump administration spending $625m to revive dying coal industry | Trump administration | The Guardian

Why Trump is backing Argentina’s Thatcherite economics | Heather Stewart | The Guardian

More than 1m UK workers to gain more rights under employment bill, says thinktank | Zero-hours contracts | The Guardian

Profiteers or keeping the lights on? The power plants that make millions a day | Energy industry | The Guardian