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Immunopathology & Immunotherapy
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Latest advances in immunopathology diagnosis and treatment
Curated by
Alfredo Corell
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En la historia de la lucha contra el sida, tener una enfermedad adicional a la infección por el VIH a veces depara sorpresas. Lo hizo en el caso de Timothy Brown, el famoso pacient
Alfredo Corell's insight:
Videoentrevista al autor del articulo: Artículo en el Journal of Clinical Investigation: 
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Largest Microbiome Study on Newly Diagnosed Patients Gives Insight Into Crohn's Disease and Shows Antibiotic Treatment May Worsen Disease
Alfredo Corell's insight:
Summary
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease (CD), are genetically linked to host pathways that implicate an underlying role for aberrant immune responses to intestinal microbiota. However, patterns of gut microbiome dysbiosis in IBD patients are inconsistent among published studies. Using samples from multiple gastrointestinal locations collected prior to treatment in new-onset cases, we studied the microbiome in the largest pediatric CD cohort to date. An axis defined by an increased abundance in bacteria which include Enterobacteriaceae, Pasteurellacaea, Veillonellaceae, and Fusobacteriaceae, and decreased abundance in Erysipelotrichales, Bacteroidales, and Clostridiales, correlates strongly with disease status. Microbiome comparison between CD patients with and without antibiotic exposure indicates that antibiotic use amplifies the microbial dysbiosis associated with CD. Comparing the microbial signatures between the ileum, the rectum, and fecal samples indicates that at this early stage of disease, assessing the rectal mucosal-associated microbiome offers unique potential for convenient and early diagnosis of CD. Divulgative news: http://www.sys-con.com/node/3009818
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Fusion protein activates immune cells against tumors in less costly, more accessible way
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A novel approach to cancer immunotherapy—strategies designed to induce the immune system to attack cancer cells—may provide a new and cost-effective weapon against some of the most deadly tumors, including ovarian cancer and mesothelioma. Investigators from Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts General Hospital Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center report in the Journal of Hematology & Oncology that a protein they engineered was able to prolong survival in animal models of both tumors. Their success came from combining a molecule that targets a tumor-cell-surface antigen with another protein that stimulates several immune functions.
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Un equipo del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) han descubierto dos posibles vías de tratamiento de la psoriasis basadas en compuestos farmacológicos que ya existen pero que no se habían contemplado hasta el momento, que en los...
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La noticia en ABC salud: http://www.abc.es/salud/noticias/20140227/abci-psoriasis-cnio-201402261329.html En uno de los trabajos, publicado en «Immunity», se demuestra que los síntomas de la enfermedad desaparecen cuando se bloquea una proteína llamada S100A9. En el otro artículo, que aparece en «Science Translational Medicine», se demuestra que esto también sucede si se actúa sobre un ARN no codificante, el micro ARN miR-21.
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Alfredo Corell's insight:
Blood
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus that infects and persists in 95% of adults worldwide and has the potential to cause fatal disease, especially lymphoma, in immunocompromised hosts. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) that predispose to EBV-associated malignancies have provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of immune defense against EBV. We have recently characterized a novel PID now named "X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and neoplasia" (XMEN) disease characterized by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1), chronic high level EBV with increased EBV-infected B cells, and heightened susceptibility to EBV-associated lymphomas. The genetic etiology of XMEN disease has revealed an unexpected quantitative role for intracellular free magnesium in immune functions and led to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the clinical presentation, genetic mutation spectrum, molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, and diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for this previously unrecognized disease.
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fascinating review of costimulatory pathway drugs in inflammation & autoimmunity... did bench work on many of these! http://t.co/sPaZK8nR9d
Alfredo Corell's insight:
Targeting co-stimulatory pathways: transplantation and autoimmunity
Nature Reviews Nephrology 10, 14-24 (2014) doi:10.1038/nrneph.2013.183 Ultimately, understanding the interplay between individual co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways engaged during T-cell activation and
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The PedPAD study: Boys predominate in the hypogammaglobulinemi
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February 6, 2014 6:21 PM
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FARE works on behalf of the 15 million Americans with food allergies, including all those at risk for life-threatening anaphylaxis.
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FARE’s Food Allergy Field Guide is a packet for individuals and families who have been newly diagnosed with food allergies.
Within this packet, you’ll find content from our “Managing Food Allergies: What You Need to Know” brochure, a checklist for getting started, a copy of FARE’s Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Emergency Care Plan, information on food labels, tips for avoiding allergens and cross-contact, advice about dining out with food allergies, frequently asked questions and much more.
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Alfredo Corell
February 2, 2014 7:27 AM
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Vitamin A used in acne medicines may help autoimmune and transplant patients Science Codex "The results will help us to use the different protocol of Treg induction for clinical therapy in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation protection,'"...
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The original research article is published in The Journal of Leukocyte Biology:
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Alfredo Corell
February 2, 2014 7:15 AM
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Reclaman que las inmunizaciones para la varicela y el meninococo B estén disponibles en las farmacias. Leer
Alfredo Corell's insight:
El Comité Asesor de Vacunas de Pediatría acaba de presentar su calendario de vacunaciones para 2014 y, una vez más, las recomendaciones de los médicos se alejan mucho de los planes del Ministerio de Sanidad.
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Alfredo Corell
February 2, 2014 7:04 AM
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More and more recent contents on the Board. Feel free to suggest
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Newest USMLE videos just added to the growing pin collection
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Alfredo Corell
February 2, 2014 6:43 AM
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Clinical Implications of Basic Research from The New England Journal of Medicine — Immunotherapy for HIV Infection.
Alfredo Corell's insight:
Immunotherapy for HIV Infection
Robin A. Weiss, Ph.D.
N Engl J Med 2014; 370:379-380January 23, 2014DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcibr1314577
Two recent studies show that a hybrid virus, the simian immunodeficiency virus bearing the envelope antigens of HIV-1, can be cleared from the blood of rhesus macaques by the infusion of monoclonal antibodies.
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Alfredo Corell
March 30, 2014 5:49 PM
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Find information on Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID), including definition, diagnosis, treatment, and expectations for patients.
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An atypically adult with CVID recently published on "The Lancet"
The Lancet, Volume 383, Issue 9920, Page 926, 8 March 2014
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60415-3Cite or Link Using DOI
Common variable immunodeficiency syndrome in an adult
Dr Laura S Lourdes MD a , Karen C Daily DO b
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Alfredo Corell
March 16, 2014 10:01 AM
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A Cure for Chlamydia Arthritis?
MedPage Today
The possibility of a cure for an arthritic condition with antimicrobial treatment has long been a dream in the rheumatology community.
Alfredo Corell's insight:
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae together comprise the most frequent causative pathogens that elicit reactive arthritis (ReA). Advances in our understanding of the molecular biology/molecular genetics of these organisms have improved significantly the ability to detect chlamydiae in the joint for diagnostic purposes, as well as extending our current understanding of the pathogenic processes they elicit in the joint and elsewhere. An important aspect of the latter is that synovial chlamydiae infect the joint in an unusual but metabolically active state. While some standard treatments can provide a palliative effect on the ReA disease phenotype, many reports have indicated that standard antibiotic treatment does not provide a cure. Of critical importance, however, two recent reports of controlled clinical trials demonstrated that Chlamydia-ReA can be treated successfully using combination antibiotic therapy. These observations offer the opportunity of a cure for this disease, thereby increasing the practical importance of awareness and diagnosis of the spondyloarthritis caused by Chlamydia. In this viewpoint, we provide an overview of recent key findings in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia-induced arthritis. Our intention is for these insights to be translated rapidly into clinical practice to overcome misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of the disease, and for them to stimulate the continued development of a cure.
Primary source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Source reference: Zeidler H, Hudson A "New insights into Chlamydia and arthritis. Promise of a cure?" Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73: 637-644.
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Alfredo Corell
March 10, 2014 7:21 PM
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Press release about a research to be presented in the American Academy of Neurology 66th Annual Meeting.
Better be cautious and patient with this information: in the study only 16 patients vs 16 healthy controls have been studied. A too small cohort to make a strong conclusion.
Alfredo Corell's insight:
PHILADELPHIA – An antibody found in the blood of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be present long before the onset of the disease and its symptoms, according to a study released today that will be presented at theAmerican Academy of Neurology’s 66th Annual Meeting in Philadelphia, April 26 to May 3, 2014.
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March 2, 2014 3:11 PM
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National Geographic
What Is Lyme Disease? New Findings Deepen the Mystery
National Geographic
As his mother began drawing attention to the strange epidemic, a doctor at Yale University named Allen Steere began sleuthing the problem.
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Rampant disagreement over what constitutes Lyme disease—in particular, who may have contracted it and how, and how long it lasts—has spawned the larger question of how best to treat it. A new study pointing to the possibility of sexual transmission of the pathogen adds fuel to the fire.
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March 2, 2014 2:40 PM
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Daily Mail Study: Culprit leading to rheumatoid arthritis discovered Asahi Shimbun “We can expect to develop a drug that is targeted at denatured proteins to dissolve them, or a method of examination that will allow doctors to make a diagnosis of...
Alfredo Corell's insight:
Significance
Cellular misfolded proteins are transported to the cell surface by MHC class II molecules via association with the peptide-binding groove without processing to peptides. We found that IgG heavy chain is transported to the cell surface by MHC class II molecules. Furthermore, IgG heavy chain associated with MHC class II molecules is recognized by autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Autoantibody binding to IgG heavy chain complexed with different MHC class II alleles was strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility conferred by certain MHC class II alleles. These findings suggest that misfolded proteins complexed with MHC class II molecules could be targets for autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases, which might be involved in autoimmune disease susceptibility.
Link to PNAS publication: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/02/19/1401105111.short
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February 20, 2014 5:37 PM
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Las contradicciones entre las recomendaciones de los pediatras y Sanidad hacen que muchas familias no encuentren la vacuna en farmacias. Leer
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Los Expertos han alertado de los riesgos de l efecto frontera y han recordado que las vacunas requieren una cadena de frío que no se puede perder en caso de viajar varios cientos de kilómetros a por ella. También han alertado del riesgo de comprar el fármaco por internet.
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February 9, 2014 3:24 PM
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An updated guideline for recommended adult immunizations released this week by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) featu...
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Link to the proposed adult immunizations schedules by CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/adult.html
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Alfredo Corell
February 7, 2014 1:51 PM
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Dietary fibers are metabolized by the gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and have protective effects in inflammatory bowel disease. Here Benjamin J Marsland and colleagues report that mice fed a high-fiber diet have an altered microbiota and are protected from allergic airway inflammation. The SCFA propionate regulated allergic inflammation, bone marrow hematopoiesis and dendritic cell function. Taken together, these findings suggest that metabolites produced by the gut microbiota can influence hematopoiesis and immune responses in the lung.
Alfredo Corell's insight:
- Aurélien Trompette,
- Eva S Gollwitzer,
- Koshika Yadava,
- Anke K Sichelstiel,
- Norbert Sprenger,
- Catherine Ngom-Bru,
- Carine Blanchard,
- Tobias Junt,
- Laurent P Nicod,
- Nicola L Harris
- &Benjamin J Marsland
Nature Medicine 20, 159–166 (2014) doi:10.1038/nm.3444
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February 5, 2014 12:11 PM
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Alfredo Corell's insight:
Including Immunology (pathology and therapies) topics:
- 29 TYpE 2 DiAbETES MElliTUS | A central role of the gut in glucose homeostasis; Geltrude Mingrone and Lidia Castagneto-Gissey
- 30 METAbOliSM | The gut microbiota manages host metabolism; Patrice D. Cani
- 35 hEpATiTiS C | HCV causes systemic disorders that can be cured; Francesco Negro
- 37 fAECAl MiCRObiOTA TRANSplANTATiON | Developing human gut microbiota as a class of therapeutics; Alexander Khoruts
- 38 COEliAC DiSEASE | New insights in dietary-gluten-induced autoimmunity; Katri Kaukinen and Markku Mäki
- 42 ibD | Enriching the therapeutic armamentarium for IBD; Silvio Danese and Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- 51 TRANSplANTATiON iMMUNOlOgY | New approaches to diagnosis of rejection; Nicholas A. Zwang and Laurence A. Turka
- 65 MUlTiplE SClEROSiS | Novel triggers, treatment targets and brain atrophy measures; Xavier Montalban and Mar Tintoré
- 71 SYSTEMiC lUpUS ERYThEMATOSUS | Taking a closer look at biologic therapy for SLE; David A. Isenberg and Anisur Rahman
- 72 EpigENETiCS | DNA methylation and miRNA—key roles in systemic autoimmunity; Bruce C. Richardson and Dipak R. Patel
- 74 RhEUMATOiD ARThRiTiS | Translational medicine in RA—time for change; Pierre Miossec
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February 2, 2014 7:23 AM
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Alfredo Corell's insight:
Btk is the protein affected in XLA, a disease identified as a B cell differentiation defect. Btk is crucial for B cell differentiation and activation, but its role in other cells is not fully understood. This review focuses on the function of Btk in monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets and the receptors and signaling cascades in such cells with which Btk is associated.
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February 2, 2014 7:12 AM
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NotesCite this as: BMJ 2014;348:g1265 (Oral immunotherapy for peanut allergy shows promise but questions remain | BMJ http://t.co/WPWcRA2KR9 More: http://t.co/H9MJgfjl4H)...
Alfredo Corell's insight:
A divulgative summary of the research: http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/01/30/oral-immunotherapy-treatment-for-peanut-allergies-shows-promise-study-finds/
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February 2, 2014 6:56 AM
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Open Access UCL Research: Actin cytoskeletal defects in immunodeficiency. http://t.co/GUckDlnylL
Alfredo Corell's insight:
Link to Immunological Reviews pdf: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1417386/1/imr12114.pdf
The importance of the cytoskeleton in mounting a successful immune response is evident from the wide range of defects that occur in actin-related primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). Studies of these PIDs have revealed a pivotal role for the actin cytoskeleton in almost all stages of immune system function, from hematopoiesis and immune cell development, through to recruitment, migration, intercellular and intracellular signaling, and activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The major focus of this review is the immune defects that result from mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene (WAS), which have a broad impact on many different processes and give rise to clinically heterogeneous immunodeficiencies. We also discuss other related genetic defects and the possibility of identifying new genetic causes of cytoskeletal immunodeficiency.
You can also download the printable pdf of the review: http://www.asthmacenter.com/uploads/ID%20printable.pdf