Global Policy, Corruption, Economic Crimes, Fronting, Whistleblowers

Documents, publications and toolsPREVENTION AND FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION

 

To provide guidance and assistance for the prevention of and fight against corruption, economic fraud and identity-related crime, UNODC has developed several tools, manuals and publications and is constantly developing new ones with a view to enhancing knowledge of challenges, policies and good practices on the implementation of UNCAC, in particular in line with the needs identified through the Review Mechanism. These tools can be adapted to regional and national needs, upon request.

RATIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF UNCACUnited Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC)Travaux Préparatoires of the negotiations for the elaboration of the United Nations Convention against CorruptionLegislative Guide for the Implementation of UNCACTechnical Guide to the United Nations Convention against CorruptionComprehensive Self-Assessment Checklist on the Implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (Omnibus software)UNDP/UNODC guidance note - UNCAC self-assessments: Going beyond the minimumMechanism for the Review of Implementation of the United Nations Convention against CorruptionBasic documents on the Mechanism for the Review of Implementation of the United Nations Convention against CorruptionCountry Profiles - outcomes of the Mechanism for the Review of Implementation of the United Nations Convention against CorruptionTRACK Portal (Tools and Resources for Anti-Corruption Knowledge)UNODC Anti-Corruption Legal Library (part of TRACK)UN Anti-Corruption ToolkitGlobal Action Against Corruption: The Mérida PapersPACK Guidance NoteTHE CONFERENCE OF THE STATES PARTIES TO UNCAC AND ITS WORKING GROUPSRules of Procedure for the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against CorruptionDocuments on the sessions of the Conference of the States parties to the United Nations Convention against CorruptionDocuments on the sessions of the Implementation Review Group of the United Nations Convention against CorruptionDocuments on the sessions of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on PreventionDocuments on the sessions of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on Asset RecoveryDocuments of the sessions of the Open-ended intergovernmental expert meetings to enhance international cooperation under the UNCACPREVENTION OF CORRUPTIONDocuments on the sessions of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on PreventionInternational Anti-Corruption Day Campaign MaterialsEmpowering the Victims of Corruption through Social Control MechanismsTraining Videos by the UNCAC Coalition on Civil Society and the UNCAC Review ProcessBuilding Public Support for Anti-Corruption Efforts - Why Anti-Corruption Agencies Need to Communicate and HowThe United Nations Convention against Corruption: A Strategy for Safeguarding against Corruption in Major Public Events English - French - RussianGuidebook on anti-corruption in public procurement and the management of public finances English - Spanish - Russian2011 UNCITRAL Model Law on Public ProcurementReporting on Corruption: A Resource Tool for Governments and JournalistsIndia: Transparency, Objectivity and Competition in Private Public Partnership ProjectsMexico: Transparency, Objectivity and Competition in Public ProcurementResource Guide on Good Practices in the Protection of Reporting Persons (forthcoming)ASSET RECOVERYDocuments on the sessions of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on Asset RecoveryArticles of the United Nations Convention against Corruption on asset recovery: analysis of reported compliance and policy recommendationsLaws and regulations from over 175 jurisdictions on Asset recoveryStAR Asset Recovery Watch - a database of Asset Recovery CasesDigest of Asset Recovery Cases (forthcoming)Mutual Legal Assistance / Asset Recovery Writer Tool (forthcoming)

For publications by The Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative (StAR), a partnership between the World Bank Group and UNODC, please see Asset Recovery On TRACK - Gateway to Asset Recovery Knowledge

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONDocuments of the sessions of the Open-ended intergovernmental expert meetings to enhance international cooperation under the UNCACThe Compendium of International Legal Instruments on Corruption (Second edition)Mutual Legal Assistance Request Writer ToolOn-line Directory of Competent National AuthoritiesManual on Mutual Legal Assistance and Extradition English - French - Spanish - Russian - Arabic - ChineseManual on International Cooperation for the Purposes of Confiscation of Proceeds of Crime English - SpanishHandbook on the International Transfer of Sentenced PersonsModel Law on Extradition (2004) English - French - ArabicModel Law on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (2007) English - French - ArabicModel Treaty on Extradition (General Assembly resolution 45/116, as amended by General Assembly resolution 52/88) English - French - Spanish - Russian - Arabic - ChineseModel Treaty on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (General Assembly resolution 45/117, as amended by General Assembly resolution 53/112) English - French - Spanish - Russian - Arabic - ChineseRevised Manuals on the Model Treaties on Extradition and Mutual Assistance in Criminal MattersCORRUPTION AND THE PRIVATE SECTORDocuments on the sessions of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on PreventionUNODC-UN Global Compact anti-corruption e-learning tool for the private sectorAnti-Corruption Policies and Measures of the Fortune Global 500Corruption Prevention to Foster SME Development (UNIDO/UNODC - 2 volumes) Volume 1 - Volume 2The United Nations Convention against Corruption: A Strategy for Safeguarding against Corruption in Major Public Events English - French - RussianAn Anti-Corruption Ethics and Compliance Programme for Business: A Practical Guide English - French - Spanish - RussianAnti-Corruption Ethics and Compliance Handbook for Business (OECD/UNODC/World Bank) English - SpanishIndia: Incentives for corporate integrity in accordance with the United Nations Convention against CorruptionA Resource Guide on State Measures for Strengthening Corporate Integrity English - Spanish - RussianOn the Level: Business and Governments against CorruptionToolkit of Private Sector Outreach MaterialsCORRUPTION AND THE DESTRUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTCorruption, Environment and the United Nations Convention against CorruptionCRIMINAL JUSTICE INTEGRITYDocuments on the sessions of the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on PreventionCommentary on the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct English - French - SpanishResource Guide on Strengthening Judicial Integrity and Capacity English - French - ArabicUnited Nations Handbook on Practical Anti-Corruption Measures for Prosecutors and InvestigatorsHandbook on police accountability, oversight and integrityAssessment of the Integrity and Capacity of the Justice System in Three Nigerian States, January 2006Assessment of Justice Sector Integrity and Capacity in two Indonesian Provinces, 2006Judicial Ethics Training Manual for the Nigerian JudiciaryAn Economic and Jurimetric Analysis of Official Corruption in the CourtsInvestigating the Links Between Access to Justice and Governance FactorsJudicial Integrity in Kosovo English - Albanian - SerbianUNCAC Article 11 Implementation Guide and Evaluative FrameworkQUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF CORRUPTION

Methodologies:

Quantitative approaches to assess and describe corruption and the role of UNODC in supporting countries in performing such assessmentsMethodologies, including evidence-based approaches, for assessing areas of special vulnerability to corruption in the public and private sectors

Reports:

Corruption in Afghanistan: Bribery as reported by the victims (2010)Corruption in Afghanistan: Recent patterns and trends (2012)Corruption in Afghanistan: Recent patterns and integrity challenges in the public sector (2013)Nigeria: Business survey on corruption - Executive summaryWestern Balkans: Corruption in the western Balkans: Bribery as experienced by the populationCorruption in Albania: Bribery as experienced by the populationCorruption in Croatia: Bribery as experienced by the populationCorruption in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: Bribery as experienced by the populationCorruption in Montenegro: Bribery as experienced by the populationCorruption in Serbia: Bribery as experienced by the populationBusiness, Corruption and Crime in the Western Balkans: The impact of bribery and other crime on private enterprise

Read more about UNODC data and analysis on the following link http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/index.html?ref=menuside)Policy

OTHER FORMS OF ECONOMIC CRIME: MATCH-FIXING AND IDENTITY-RELATED CRIMEHandbook on identity-related crime English - SpanishCriminalization approaches to combat match-fixingRELATED UNODC RESOURCESThe United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols TheretoTools and publications on Organized CrimeUNODC on money-laundering and countering the financing of terrorism

Introduction

A serious impediment to the success of any anti-corruption strategy is a corrupt judiciary. An ethically compromised judiciary means that the legal and institutional mechanism designed to curb corruption, however well-targeted, efficient or honest, remains crippled. Unfortunately, evidence is steadily and increasingly surfacing of widespread corruption in the courts in many parts of the world.

To confront the problem, the UN is taking a variety of approaches. It is examining judicial corruption in detail and seeking to identify means of addressing it, in higher and lower levels of court systems.

Objectives

The objectives of strengthening judicial integrity are to:

Formulate the concept of judicial integrity and devise the methodology for introducing that concept without compromising the principle of judicial independence;Facilitate a safe and productive learning environment for reform minded chief justices around the world;Raise awareness regarding judicial integrity and to develop, guide, and monitor technical assistance projects aimed at strengthening judicial integrity and capacity.

In close collaboration with Transparency International (TI), the British Department for International Development (DFID) and the UN Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers, the Anti-Corruption Unit organized four meetings of chief justices from common and civil law countries supporting them in identifying and applying best practices in strengthening judicial integrity and capacity. The outputs of this process included a model action plan for judicial reform, a methodology for the assessment of justice sector integrity and capacity and the Bangalore Universal Principles of Judicial Conduct, which was submitted to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights at its 59th session in 2003.

5th Meeting of the Judicial Integrity Group, 28 February 2007, Vienna, AustriaThe Open-Ended Intergovernmental Expert Group Meeting to Develop
 a Technical Guide for Strengthening Judicial Integrity and Capacity, 1-2 March 2007, Vienna, Austria

The purpose of the above meetings will be, as mandated by the ECOSOC Resolution 2006/23, to review comments received by Member States concerning the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct, as well as the draft commentary on the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct and a technical guide to be used in providing technical assistance aimed at strengthening judicial integrity and capacity

 

 

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The Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct as endorsed through ECOSOC Resolution 2006/23. In English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, Chinese

Fourth Meeting of the Judicial Integrity Group on Strengthening Judicial Integrity, Vienna, 27-28 October 2005

Third meeting of the Judicial Group on Strengthening Judicial Integrity, Colombo, January 2003

The Summary Record of the Round-Table Meeting of Chief Justices to Review the Bangalore Draft Code of Judicial Conduct, The Hague, Netherlands, 2002

Second meeting of the Judicial Group on Strengthening Judicial Integrity, Bangalore, February 2001

First Meeting of the Judicial Group on Strengthening Judicial Integrity, Vienna, April 2000

The Anti-Corruption in Local Governance Training is a five-day programme focusing on corruption in local governance and municipal administration. It will provide participants with an in-depth understanding of the various types and mechanisms of corruption in local governance and enhance their capacity to develop measures for strengthening local integrity systems.

The International Anti-Corruption Summer Academy is an intensive ten-day programme designed for professionals looking to consolidate their experience and enlarge their competences to better counter corruption. It is an interdisciplinary programme which addresses trends and practices on the global anti-corruption agenda, promoting a culture of the reflective practitioner.

In integrating theory and practice, the Summer Academy allows participants to better assess and identify challenges and best practices, offering frameworks for devising durable strategies. Every year, more than a dozen renowned academics and practitioners teach at the programme.

Work with the Private Sector

The role of the private sector in the fight against corruption is regarded as crucial. At its third session, the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption adopted resolution 3/2 on the prevention of corruption, underscoring the role that the private sector has to play in preventing and fighting corruption. In particular, the Conference mandated UNODC to collect and disseminate information on methodologies for assessing special vulnerabilities of areas in the private sector prone to corruption, and called upon States parties to promote the business community's engagement in the prevention of corruption. The Conference also encouraged States parties, representatives of private sector entities and relevant international organizations to consult and collaborate with each other in order to share best practices on the alignment of systems of public procurement with the requirements of article 9 of the Convention. Furthermore, in its resolution 3/4 on technical assistance, the Conference encouraged States and UNODC to continue to develop and promote coordinated partnerships, including between the public and private sectors, in order to leverage resources for advancing technical assistance efforts.

The Global Forum VI on Fighting Corruption and Safeguarding Integrity: "Strength in Unity: Public-Private Partnerships to Fight Corruption" took place in Qatar on 7 and 8 November 2009 and preceded the third session of the Conference of the States Parties. The Forum placed considerable emphasis on the contribution that the private sector can make to the fight against corruption, and explored how to forge alliances between the private sector and the donor community. The outcome of the Forum was brought to the attention of the Conference of the States Parties at its third session.

UNODC contributes actively to the implementation of the 10th principle of the United Nations Global Compact, which states that "Business should work against corruption in any form, including bribery and extortion". In particular, UNODC has provided input to: a guide to facilitate companies' reporting on the 10th principle; a tool to prevent and fight corruption along the supply chain; and a campaign waged by top business leaders in support of UNCAC. As the result of these undertakings, on 1 May 2009, chief executive officers from some of the world's leading companies threw their support behind the Convention and called on Governments to more effectively and robustly implement it. In their letter to Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, they also underlined the need for the establishment of an implementation review mechanism by the Conference at its third session. The Reporting Guidance on the 10th Principle against Corruption and the Guide to Fight Corruption in the Supply Chain are expected to be endorsed at the third Global Compact Leaders' Summit, due to take place in New York in June 2010.

UNODC and the United Nations Global Compact are developing an anti-corruption e-learning tool. The programme mediates knowledge of anti-corruption matters, in particular of UNCAC, and will contribute to capacity building and awareness raising efforts in support of the corporate community. The tool, expected to be launched at the third Global Compact Leaders' Summit, will be distributed to all United Nations Global Compact business participants and will be available free of charge from both organizations' websites.

A joint publication by UNODC and PricewaterhouseCoopers, entitled "Anti-Corruption Policies and Measures of the Fortune Global 500", was released in September 2009. The research work was carried out by PricewaterhouseCoopers as a pro-bono contribution to the anti-corruption work of the United Nations. The study provides an overview of the measures that companies listed in the 2008 Fortune Global 500 Index have adopted to combat economic crime and corruption. It serves as an inspirational tool for companies that wish to adopt and enforce effective anti-corruption policies but may not possess the necessary 'know-how', or wish to review and enhance their existing measures.

There is an on-going dialogue with Microsoft regarding a pro-bono contribution to the development of the technological infrastructure of the UNCAC Legal Library and Knowledge Management Consortium. UNODC also continue to consult with Transparency International and the International Chamber of Commerce on the alignment of their business principles to the fundamental principles enshrined in the United Nations Convention against Corruption.

The Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative (StAR) is a partnership between the World Bank Group and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime that supports international efforts to end safe havens for corrupt funds. StAR works with developing countries and financial centers to prevent the laundering of the proceeds of corruption and to facilitate more systematic and timely return of stolen assets.

StAR is financed by the World Bank and UNODC. Contributors to StAR's Multi Donor Trust Fund include Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, France, the United Kingdom and Netherlands. In addition, UNODC has received contributions for its support to StAR from Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Norway, UNDP, United Kingdom and the United States of America.

StAR's work is built on four key pillars:EmpowermentStAR helps countries establish the legal tools and institutions required to recover the proceeds of corruption. It helps them develop the specific skills needed to pursue asset recovery cases, through sharing knowledge and information, and providing hands-on training in asset tracing and international cooperation on legal matters. StAR helps countries apply these tools and skills by facilitating contacts between jurisdictions in support of asset recovery cases.PartnershipsStAR works with and helps bring together governments, regulatory authorities, donor agencies, financial institutions, and civil society organizations from both financial centers and developing countries, fostering collective responsibility and action for the deterrence, detection and recovery of stolen assets.InnovationStAR generates knowledge on the legal and technical tools used to recover the proceeds of corruption, promoting the sharing of global best practices.International StandardsStAR advocates for the strengthening and effective implementation of Chapter 5 of the UNCAC and other international standards to detect, deter and recover the proceeds of corruption. Working with global forums such as the Conference of States Parties to the UNCAC and its asset recovery working group, the Financial Action Task Force, and other multinational bodies, StAR fosters collective global public action and helps countries implement agreed standards.

 

Countries can request StAR assistance by sending a written request to the StAR Secretariat Coordinator, the Chief of the UNODC's Corruption and Economic Crime Branch and the UNODC Country Representative, or the World Bank Country Director.

For more information visit the Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative Website

[Link to Stolen Asset Recovery Initiative Website]

 

StAR Publications

Asset Recovery Handbook: A Guide for Practitioners provides practitioners with a how-to guide for recovering stolen assets and draws on the experience of a wide range of countries and legal traditions.

[Download PDF - English]

  

Barriers to Asset Recovery: An Analysis to the Key Barriers and Recommendations for Action recommends eight strategic actions and other recommendations for policy makers, legislators and practitioners.

[Download PDF - English]

  

Towards a Global Architecture for Asset Recovery, a policy note which identifies some of the measures that national authorities and international bodies can undertake to accelerate the pace of asset return.

[Download PDF - English]

  

Politically Exposed Persons: Preventive Measures for the Banking Sector combines policy recommendations and good practices aimed at making it harder for corrupt PEPs to launder their money, and make it easier to get stolen assets back.

[Download PDF - English]

  

Income and Asset Declarations: Tools and Trade-offs provides practical advice and options for countries that want to build effective asset disclosure systems to prevent, uncover and prosecute corruption.

[Download PDF - English]

  

Management of Returned Assets: Policy Considerations reviews some of the issues that national authorities may want to consider when planning for asset returns.

[Download PDF - English]

  

A Good Practice Guide for Non-conviction-based Asset Forfeiture identifies the key concepts - legal, operational and practical - a procedure that provides for the seizure and forfeiture of of stolen assets without the need for a criminal conviction.

[Download PDF - English]
[Download PDF - Spanish]
[Download PDF - Russian]

The “Best of” is a seminar series. Each seminar lasts for two or three days and features a renowned anti-corruption practitioner or prominent academic who shares with the participants the best of his/her work. The next seminar will take place from 8 to 9 July with Luis Moreno Ocampo, former Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court.

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Best of Luis Moreno Ocampo Brochure

Target Group Anti-corruption experts, investigators, compliance officers, business and government executives, leaders of civil society organizations and academics

The Legal Incentives for Corporate Integrity Training is a three-day programme designed to strengthen corporate integrity and cooperation through legal incentives and sanctions. Besides traditional enforcement practices, it focuses on contributing to the creation of a system of legal incentives to support private actors’ integrity efforts, and in particular that of self-reporting.

Corruption is a crime committed by officials (public or private) abusing of their role to procure gain for themselves or somebody else. Several forms of corruption exist: bribery, embezzlement, abuse of power, just to name a few.

UNODC adopts an evidence-based approach to quantify the extent and describe the patterns of corruption at country level.

Information on experience of corruption is gathered through sample surveys on different targets - general population, business sector, civil servants - following strict methodological standards.

Reports Methodology

 

•Iraq

Corruption and integrity challenges in the public sector of Iraq

•Afghanistan

Corruption in Afghanistan: recent patterns and trends - 2013

Corruption in Afghanistan: Bribery as reported by the victims

•Nigeria

Business survey on corruption - Executive summary

•Western Balkans

Business surveys

Business, Corruption and Crime in the western Balkans: The impact of bribery and other crime on private enterprise (2013)

Business, Corruption and Crime in the western Balkans: key findings

Business, Corruption and Crime in Albania - English, Albanian

Business, Corruption and Crime in Bosnia and Herzegovina: - English, Bosnian

Business, Corruption and Crime in Croatia - English, Croatian

Business, Corruption and Crime in Kosovo - English, Serbian, Albanian

Business, Corruption and Crime in Serbia - English, Serbian

Business, Corruption and Crime in Montenegro - English, Montenegrin

Business, Corruption and Crime in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia:
The impact of bribery and other crime on private enterprise - English, Macedonian

Survey on Security and Crime against Businesses (Questionnaire)

Population surveys

Corruption in the western Balkans: bribery as experienced by the population

Corruption in Albania: bribery as experienced by the population

Corruption in Bosnia and Herzegovina: bribery as experienced by the population

Corruption in Croatia: bribery as experienced by the population - English, Croatian

Corruption in Kosovo: bribery as experienced by the population

Corruption in Montenegro: bribery as experienced by the population

Corruption in Serbia: bribery as experienced by the population - English, Serbian

Corruption in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia : bribery as experienced by the population - English, Macedonian

 

Quantitative approaches to assess and describe corruption and the role of UNODC in supporting countries in performing such assessments

Methodologies, including evidence-based approaches, for assessing areas of special vulnerability to corruption in the public and private sectors

 

Activities

 

PROACTIVE - Programme on Assessing Corruption Through Evidence-based methods

Building capacity to conduct surveys and studies to identify vulnerabilities to corruption and use information for better anti-corruption policies

While progress has been made in increasing awareness of corruption, as well as in developing effective policy-making for dealing with it, further efforts are needed to fight corruption. And, in marked contrast to measures taken in many other policy areas, corruption is often addressed without systemic knowledge of its patterns and modalities..

Differently from opinion-based methods, evidence-based approaches collect and analyze data on the experience of corruption to provide more solid and actionable information. Such approaches do not aim at scoring or ranking countries but rather to produce information for analysis, policy-development and monitor progress of anti-corruption strategies. Different typologies of studies exist and each of them target different groups: population, business sector, civil servants.

More...

Cybercrime I Identity-related crime I Trafficking in cultural property I Environmental crime I Piracy I Organ trafficking

Transnational organized crime groups seek to exploit legitimate activities for criminal purposes. The ways in which they are reaping profit are becoming more creative. As organized crime groups join ever more complex networks spanning the globe, the crimes become increasingly transnational and the types of crime they are able to commit become diversified. New threats to global security are emerging, meaning that people can fall victim to organized crime in an increasing number of ways, in an increasing number of places.

In 2010, the fifth Conference of Parties to the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime identified cybercrime, identity-related crimes, trafficking in cultural property, environmental crime, piracy, organ trafficking, and fraudulent medicine as new and emerging crimes of concern. The emergence of these new crime types gives rise to the need for law enforcement response to adapt its efforts and capacities accordingly.

Cybercrime is an emerging form of transnational crime. The complex nature of the crime as one that takes place in the borderless realm of cyberspace is compounded by the increasing involvement of organized crime groups. Perpetrators of cybercrime and their victims can be located different regions, and its effects can ripple through societies around the world, highlighting the need to mount an urgent, dynamic and international response.

UNODC promotes long-term and sustainable capacity building in the fight against cybercrime through supporting national structures and action. Specifically, UNODC draws upon its specialized expertise on criminal justice systems response to provide technical assistance in capacity building, prevention and awareness raising, international cooperation, and data collection, research and analysis on cybercrime.