CxAnnouncements

This explorable illustrates beautiful dynamical patterns that can be generated by a simple game theoretic model on a lattice. The core of the model is the Prisoner’s Dilemma, a legendary game analyzed in game theory. In the game, two players can choose to cooperate or defect. Depending on their choice, they receive a pre-specified payoffs. The payoffs are chosen such that it seems difficult to make the right strategy choice.

Read the full article at: www.complexity-explorables.org

In high-income countries, the COVID-19 pandemic fostered the generation of surveillance data at spatial and temporal resolution unseen before, providing comprehensive and accurate estimates of cases, detection capability, hospitalizations and deaths. At the same time, data describing behavioral response, mobility, mixing and compliance to public health measures have also become available with similar level of detail. Such an exhaustive picture of the unfurling of a pandemic was a first in human history, made possible because we live in the digital age. It does not imply that epidemiological surveillance will remain this way in the future. As COVID-19 becomes less virulent with vaccination and acquired immunity, political pressure is shifting away from comprehensive detection of cases, and individual willingness to get tested may also be declining. At the same time, corporate commitment to make proprietary data on human behavior available to scientific research (e.g., mobile phone data) is waning. This underpins the main scientific goal of this project: can we use the experience of "wartime" COVID-19 surveillance during years2020-2022 to improve epidemic understanding in the future "peacetime" period ? Typical data available for surveillance in peacetime is scarcer, for example syndromic surveillance for influenza and other respiratory viruses as reported in networks of general practitioners (GP), with limited virological confirmation. Other data sources, including participatory surveillance and drug sales, may complement such reports, but are less specific. Importantly, during the first 2 years of COVID-19, the aforementioned high-resolution data and the scarcer traditional data sources were observed together. We wish to exploit this overlap to build statistical and mathematical models that will extract more and better information from peacetime surveillance data. Specifically, we aim at generating estimates of incidence, severe cases, reproductive number that are better than those previously available in terms of spatial resolution, temporal resolution, predictive power (ability to make short-term forecasts and mid-term projections of epidemic activity). We will make use of AI/ML techniques to come up with models with which transfer of knowledge, for example from the dynamics of COVID-19 to that of Influenza, or from drug sales data to influenza, from mobility to infectious spread will make it possible to improve accurate estimation of influenza incidence and short term prediction. The impact of this project will be thus twofold. First, we will improve the knowledge and predictability of seasonal epidemic waves of airborne, directly transmitted pathogens. Second, we will provide with policymakers with new tools to inform public health response to seasonal acute respiratory illness.

More at: soundai.sorbonne-universite.fr

This year’s laureates in the Economic Sciences, Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig, have significantly improved our understanding of the role of banks in the economy, particularly during financial crises. An important finding in their research is why avoiding bank collapses is vital.

Read the full article at: www.nobelprize.org

Centre for Theoretical Physics and Natural Philosophy (NAS) would like to invite applications for two postdoctoral positions.

One position will be in cosmology with a particular focus on dark energy and modified gravity models. The candidate should have a PhD in either physics or in astrophysics with strong expertise and knowledge in both the theoretical and observational aspects of cosmology.

Another position will be offered in complexity. The candidate should have a PhD in Physics with a prior experience in time series and network analysis together with a strong practical programming skill in statistical and/or machine learning data analysis.

Initially, the position will be offered for one year and can be extended for two more years. Upon satisfactory performance, it may lead to a tenure track position.

More at: na.mahidol.ac.th

You will produce a simulation program demonstrating self-organizing logistic networks that become more circular and sustainable over time. 

You will create novel research breakthroughs and contribute to the ambitious ERC Advanced Investigator Grant on “Co-Evolving City Life” (CoCi) in subject areas connected to smart cities and digital societies. Your research focus will be on “Sustainable Cities and Coordination”. Given recent digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (sensor and communication networks), Artificial Intelligence, and blockchain technology, one can expect that production, logistics, and even waste, are becoming increasingly smart. Ideally, you will study how the convergence of these technologies can be used to fuel new approaches towards more sustainable production and logistics in an urban context. 

The research question we would like to answer is, how the approach of self-organized and federated, learning, networked multi-agent systems can be used to create socio-economic incentives that would promote the emergence of closed loops in a material supply network and could thereby boost the formation of a circular and sharing economy. We want to study, how a multi-dimensional real-time measurement, feedback and coordination system would have to be designed and operated in order to reach this goal. 

Together with our team, you will work on the mechanisms and effects of multi-dimensional real-time coordination, perform related agent-based simulations, and work towards demonstrating the approach in an application project. It will be great to couple the simulation program with a sensor-based environment (Raspberry Pi or Arduino, or other) that responds to measurements, flexibly adapts, and self-organizes. You will be the key researcher addressing these challenges or a subset of them (please specify), collaborating with a highly motivated team.

More at: www.jobs.ethz.ch

Binghamton University's Systems Science and Industrial Engineering Department is hiring to fill as many as six new faculty positions for Fall 2023! Areas relevant to complexity include:

* Systems Science/ Complex Systems/ Network Science (1 position)

* Computational Social Science/Biomedical Complexity/Epidemiology (1 position)

* Autonomous Systems (1 position)

*  Energy Systems (1 position) 

Please contact Hiroki Sayama (sayama@binghamton.edu) if interested.

More at: www.binghamton.edu

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022 is about making difficult processes easier. Barry Sharpless and Morten Meldal have laid the foundation for a functional form of chemistry – click chemistry – in which molecular building blocks snap together quickly and efficiently. Carolyn Bertozzi has taken click chemistry to a new dimension and started utilising it in living organisms.

Read the full article at: www.nobelprize.org

Humanity has always been intrigued by its origins. Where do we come from, and how are we related to those who came before us? What makes us, Homo sapiens, different from other hominins?

Through his pioneering research, Svante Pääbo accomplished something seemingly impossible: sequencing the genome of the Neanderthal, an extinct relative of present-day humans. He also made the sensational discovery of a previously unknown hominin, Denisova. Importantly, Pääbo also found that gene transfer had occurred from these now extinct hominins to Homo sapiens following the migration out of Africa around 70,000 years ago. This ancient flow of genes to present-day humans has physiological relevance today, for example affecting how our immune system reacts to infections.

Pääbo’s seminal research gave rise to an entirely new scientific discipline; paleogenomics. By revealing genetic differences that distinguish all living humans from extinct hominins, his discoveries provide the basis for exploring what makes us uniquely human.

Read the full article at: www.nobelprize.org

Xindi Wang, Onur Varol & Tina Eliassi-Rad 

Applied Network Science volume 7, Article number: 54 (2022)

It is well known that networks generated by common mechanisms such as preferential attachment and homophily can disadvantage the minority group by limiting their ability to establish links with the majority group. This has the effect of limiting minority nodes’ access to information. We present the results of an empirical study on the equality of information access in network models with different growth mechanisms and spreading processes. For growth mechanisms, we focus on the majority/minority dichotomy, homophily, preferential attachment, and diversity. For spreading processes, we investigate simple versus complex contagions, different transmission rates within and between groups, and various seeding conditions. We observe two phenomena. First, information access equality is a complex interplay between network structures and the spreading processes. Second, there is a trade-off between equality and efficiency of information access under certain circumstances (e.g., when inter-group edges are low and information transmits asymmetrically). Our findings can be used to make recommendations for mechanistic design of social networks with information access equality.

Read the full article at: appliednetsci.springeropen.com

Research at the Professorship of Computational Social Science (COSS) is focused on:
* bringing modelling and computer simulation of social processes and transportation phenomena together with technology, experimental, and data-driven work,
* combining the perspectives of different scientific disciplines (e.g., social science, computer science, complexity science and sociophysics),
* bridging fundamental and applied for work,
* developing digital tools to support people and studying the resulting behaviour.

More at: www.jobs.ethz.ch