Since 2010-11, China has been Australia’s largest agricultural export market. In 2017-18, about 25 per cent, or $11.8 billion, of Australian agricultural exports were sold to China. Beijing announced that it is imposing an 80.5% tariff on Australian barley imports, the result of an anti-dumping investigation that Beijing initiated in November 2018. Over the past five years, Australian barley accounted for 60-70 per cent of total Chinese imports, but its share of the market has declined in recent years, mainly due to drought. Chinese demand for barley is projected to be 6.9 million tonnes in 2020-21, with at least six million tonnes expected to be imported. As a result of the tariff, China might increase its barley imports from Canada, Argentina, France and Ukraine.