Peer2Politics
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Peer2Politics
on peer-to-peer dynamics in politics, the economy and organizations
Curated by jean lievens
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Networks vs. Hierarchies: Which Will Win? Niall Furguson Weighs In

Networks vs. Hierarchies: Which Will Win? Niall Furguson Weighs In | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it

The most recent, and perhaps most important, network challenge to hierarchy comes with the advent of virtual currencies and payment systems like Bitcoin.Since ancient times, states have reaped considerable benefits from monopolizing or at least regulating the money created within their borders. It remains to be seen how big a challenge Bitcoin poses to the system of national fiat currencies that has evolved since the 1970s and, in particular, how big a challenge it poses to the “exorbitant privilege” enjoyed by the United States as the issuer of the world’s dominant reserve (and transaction) currency. But it would be unwise to assume, as some do, that it poses no challenge at all.
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Today, by contrast, the hierarchies seem to be in much more trouble. The most obvious challenge to established hierarchies is the flow of information unleashed by the advent of the personal computer, email, and the internet, which have allowed ordinary citizens to organize themselves into much larger and more dispersed networks than has ever been possible before. The PC has empowered the individual the way the book did after the 15th-century breakthrough in printing.
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Since ancient times, states have exploited their ability to issue currency, whether coins stamped with the king’s likeness or electronic dollars on a screen. But if the new networks are in the process of creating an alternative form of money, such as Bitcoin purports to be, then perhaps the time-honored state privilege to debase the currency is at risk. Bitcoin offers many advantages over a fiat currency like the U.S. dollar. As a means of payment—especially for online transactions—it is faster, cheaper, and more secure than a credit card. As a store of value it has many of the key attributes of gold, notably finite supply. As a unit of account it is having teething troubles, but that is because it has become an attractive speculative object. It is too early to predict that Bitcoin will succeed as a parallel currency, but it is also too early to predict that it will fail. In any case, governments can fail, too.



Where governments fail most egregiously, new networks may well increase the probability of successful revolution.

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The Tyranny of Stuctureless

The earliest version of this article was given as a talk at a conference called by the Southern Female Rights Union, held in Beulah, Mississippi in May 1970. It was written up for Notes from the Third Year (1971), but the editors did not use it. It was then submitted to several movement publications, but only one asked permission to publish it; others did so without permission. The first official place of publication was in Vol. 2, No. 1 of The Second Wave (1972). This early version in movement publications was authored by Joreen. Different versions were published in the Berkeley Journal of Sociology, Vol. 17, 1972-73, pp. 151-165, and Ms.magazine, July 1973, pp. 76-78, 86-89, authored by Jo Freeman. This piece spread all over the world. Numerous people have edited, reprinted, cut, and translated "Tyranny" for magazines, books and web sites, usually without the permission or knowledge of the author. The version below is a blend of the three cited here. 
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Rethinking Viral: Why the Digital World Is Not as Democratic as We Think - Pacific Standard

Rethinking Viral: Why the Digital World Is Not as Democratic as We Think - Pacific Standard | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it

For the most part, behind any mass online phenomenon there is a powerful group with a megaphone—still usually a big media outlet—doing most of the yelling. We often think of social media platforms as somehow more democratic, but they often function as yet another television channel. Most content is consumed passively.

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After Liberalism: Complexity in the Governance of a Networked Global Society | The World Financial Review

After Liberalism: Complexity in the Governance of a Networked Global Society | The World Financial Review | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it

Today’s adversaries are decentralized transnational networks that appear in many sizes and shapes; they are not geographically fixed, hierarchically governed, or bureaucratically managed.


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Can A Big Old Hierarchical Bureaucracy Become A 21st Century Network? - Forbes

Can A Big Old Hierarchical Bureaucracy Become A 21st Century Network? - Forbes | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it

One of the most difficult management challenges is taking a big old hierarchical bureaucracy, and turning it into a nimble 21st Century networked organization that can cope with the challenge of today’s dynamic marketplace and compete with younger organizations that have been networked from the outset.

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How social media dissolves hierarchy, confusion and pesky 'catch up' meetings - Technorati

How social media dissolves hierarchy, confusion and pesky 'catch up' meetings - Technorati | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it

With the rise of social media ‘Ninjas,’ ‘Gurus’ and ‘Mavens,’ we’ve seen an outpouring of advice on how to master the social web. In addition to examining how we can improve at social marketing, I believe we should ask what social media can teach us about leading a company or team. Yes, instead of being social media ‘Jedi’ today, let’s take on the role of ‘Padawan’. There is a great reason for doing so: as much as our creativity and innovation guide the development of technology, technology also guides the development of our own thinking.

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Heathwood Press » Hierarchy or Horizontalism? – Critics of Occupy

Heathwood Press » Hierarchy or Horizontalism? – Critics of Occupy | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it

The cycle of struggle which opened in 2011 has had numerous critics. A frequent target has been Occupy’s commitment to ‘horizontalism’ and direct democracy. Voices from the traditional left and from present-day critical theory declare that horizontalism is (at best) limited in its application or (at worst) incoherent. Our essay indicates a line of thought which allows such voices to be stilled.

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Against Social Determinism

Against Social Determinism | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it
Getting anything done generally requires the collaboration of people who do different kinds of work, and whose various kinds of work has shaped various kinds of thinking. It calls for some kind of translation or code switching.
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Hierarchy: Explorations of Augusto de Franco about the Matrix that ...

Tradução de Leila País de Miranda & Joachim Lohkamp sponsored by Moleque de Ideias, Escola-de-Redes e Jolocom (2013)
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Why Uber & Airbnb Sit Atop the 'Social Economy Pyramid' - BostInno

Why Uber & Airbnb Sit Atop the 'Social Economy Pyramid' - BostInno | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it


And social sharing companies Uber and Airbnb, the quickest to reach the $10 billion valuation mark, sit atop the pyramid. Why?

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Networks and Hierarchies - The Market Oracle

Networks and Hierarchies - The Market Oracle | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it

I have a big-picture piece for you today from a big-time thinker, my good friend Niall Ferguson. This is a little bit different for Outside the Box, but then isn’t that what this letter is supposed to be? Something to make us think and to come at a problem with a little bit different viewpoint?

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What the future of work looks like - Fortune

What the future of work looks like - Fortune | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it
While workers are becoming more and more mobile and entrepreneurial, traditional organizations are becoming less appealing. Here are seven powerful models for work that aim to redefine the traditional organization.
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Understanding The Effects Of Hierarchy In Society

“So what do baboons teach the average person, don’t bite somebody because your having a bad day, don’t displace on them in any sort of manner, social affiliation is a remarkably powerful thing and that’s said by somebody who lives in a world where ambition and drive and type-A-ness and all of that sort of thing dominates, those things are real important, and one of the greatest forms of sociality is giving rather than receiving and all those things make for a better world.


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Thanks to technology, the traditional hierarchies of state and business are falling away | The Raw Story

Thanks to technology, the traditional hierarchies of state and business are falling away | The Raw Story | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it

Humankind is going through one of its rare but profound paradigm shifts. And as ever, it’s driven by technology. From the stone age to the iron age, from farming to Fordism, how we make and do things has always affected how society operates. Marx may have been overly deterministic about the effect of the economic base on the social superstructure but as he wrote, “the windmill gives you society with the feudal lord: the steam mill, society with the industrial capitalist“. So what does the age of the internet, the smart phone and social media give us?

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21 Technologies That Will Decentralize the World

21 Technologies That Will Decentralize the World | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it
Across the planet, new technologies and business models are decentralizing power and placing it in the hands of communities and individuals. 
"We are seeing technology-driven networks replacing bureacratically-driven hierarchies," says VC and futurist Fred Wilson, speaking on what to expect in the next ten years. View the entire 25-minute video below (it's worth it!) and then check out the 21 innovations below.
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Three modern organisational structures - swombat.com on startups

Three modern organisational structures - swombat.com on startups | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it

The defining characteristics of these models are fairly straightforward. They aim to distribute authority and autonomy to individuals and teams. They let the changing nature of the work (expansion/contraction/shifting) impact the structure of roles and teams in a fluid way.

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Panoply - P2P Foundation

Panoply - P2P Foundation | Peer2Politics | Scoop.it

Panoply operates a free-market which is likely to be even more efficient than current mixed economies. At the same time, this proposed economy is more stable, humane, and resilient to automation. The word 'panoply' was chosen here for the double meaning: its both "A complete set of diverse components." and "Something that covers and protects."


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