'Malcolm X still looms over our current moment. But the version of the man that we meet now is much more human, relatable, problematic and inspirational, for all his flaws.'
'Newly unearthed audio from a 1971 phone call between Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon is raising new questions about Reagan's views on race. What additional context does the new audio offer to historians, as they continue to assess Reagan's record and legacy? Lisa Desjardins reports.'
'In 1962, a confrontation with the LAPD outside a mosque resulted in the death of a Nation of Islam member. It was an event seized on by an outraged Malcolm X, who would condemn it in an impassioned speech.'
'The Underground Railroad saved thousands from the hell of slavery, but one name will always stand out as the symbol of courage, selflessness and freedom, writes Jonny Wilkes for BBC History Revealed.'
Understanding the humanity, and the communities, that shaped the brilliant, troubled, selfish, generous, sincere radical
Kent College History's insight:
'Haley’s 1965 Autobiography asked us to truly see the passion that Malcolm had for Black people, to meditate on his willingness to die, as Ossie Davis said at his funeral, “because he loved us so.” Manning Marable’s Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention (2011) dissected Malcolm’s personal and intellectual relationship with the Black radical tradition, providing new revelations about his sexuality and constant political reinvention. Payne has combed this scholarship, yet draws above all on thousands of hours of interviews with Malcolm’s family, friends, enemies, and converts. Completed after his death by his daughter, Tamara Payne, whose research was crucial all along, Payne’s biography forces us to understand Malcolm X as his various communities experienced him—as a brilliant, troubled, selfish, generous, sincere, ugly, and beautiful Black radical whose faith in working-class Black folk was surpassed only by his compassion for the communities from whence they came.'
The civil rights leader John Lewis, known at the ‘conscience of America’ has died
Kent College History's insight:
'The civil rights leader John Lewis, known at the ‘conscience of America’, has died. Born the son of sharecroppers in Alabama on 21 February 1940, he attended segregated public schools and, inspired by the words of Martin Luther King Jr, became active in the civil rights movement. From university onwards he organised sit-ins at segregated lunch counters, took part in the Freedom Rides, was chair of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee and was a key speaker at the historic March on Washington in 1963. He led one of the pivotal moments in the civil rights movement, a march over the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama that was brutally attacked by state troopers.'
'"Hotter than Bond. Cooler than Bullitt," movie posters proclaimed. John Shaft was indeed a shut-your-mouth detective to reckon with, a fact emphasized from the film's start by Isaac Hayes' Academy Award-winning Best Original Song and Oscar-nominated score. Richard Roundtree plays the smart, tough, confident lead, a private investigator whose hunt for a kidnapped woman puts him in the middle of feuding syndicates. Gordan Parks directs from a screenplay that Ernest Tidyman (that same year's Oscar-winner for The French Connection) co-scripted from his own novel. John Shaft is an icon of change from an era of change. Today, Shaft still tells it like it is.'
'Fannie Lou Hamer wasn’t just a civil rights activist. She was a voting and women’s rights activist as well as a community organizer. She was the founder of the Freedom Democratic Party and was the co-founder of the National Women’s Political Caucus.
But her path to register and help thousands of African-Americans in Mississippi to become registered voters was met with threats, extortion, and assaults. She faced a lot of tragedy and setbacks in her quest to gain equality and freedom during the civil rights movement. '
"Since Christmas Eve in 1865, membership in the Ku Klux Klan ignited and multiplied three separate times, in each instance enacting brutal violence and terror -- but the Klan's power never held for long. Though only 2 dozen Klan groups exist today, its continued importance lies in a far more elusive and sinister legacy."
'The memorial in Washington, D.C., pays tribute to the general who led the Allies to victory in Europe during World War II and the president who sought peace after it was over.'
'The Civil Rights Act of 1964, a landmark piece of legislation, was a long time in the making, and the passage of the bill required the political machinations of an assortment of Republicans, Democrats, Northerners and Southerners, congressmen, senators, presidents and activists. The photo above, taken by White House press office photographer Cecil Stoughton, shows the wide range of politicians and private citizens it took to guide the Civil Rights Act from a presidential promise to a national law.'
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African American representation in Congress from 1870.