Comparative Law tips and tricks (esp. French law for non french-speaking patrons) - Legal translation tools

"Law10n contiene los recursos necesarios para traducir contratos del inglés al español (variante de España). Está basado en las licencias de uso de programas de ordenador, que contienen la mayoría de las condiciones generales de contratación que se suelen traducir.

Se pueden consultar los términos dudosos en las Fichas traductológicas, que contienen comentarios y propuestas separadas para encargos documentales o instrumentales, así como las cuestiones de fraseología o sintaxis en el Corpus, o bien se puede introducir directamente el texto original en el Detector de elementos clave y acceder desde ahí a las fichas y fragmentos de corpus que aparecerán marcados."

"This website aims at proposing in Arabic the nearest equivalent term of an English or French financial word. The concise explanation of the financial term in Arabic should give any person consulting this site the choice of using the Arabic word proposed or finding and using a more appropriate word if available. An English terms repeating itself means that, to the best of our knowledge, there is no equivalent in French;

Ce site a pour but de proposer l’équivalent arabe le plus approprié d’un terme financier anglais ou français. Les explications concises, en arabe, des termes financiers anglais ou français ont pour but de donner à toute personne consultant ce site le choix d’utiliser le terme proposé ou de trouver et d’utiliser un autre mot plus adéquat s’il existe. Les termes sont classés par ordre alphabétique Lorsqu’un mot anglais se répète dans la case française, cela signifie, qu’à notre connaissance, il n’existe pas d’équivalent français pour le terme en question.

هذا الموقع الإلكتروني هدفه اقتراح أفضل مقابل بالعربية لمصطلحات مالية بالإنكليزية أو الفرنسية التفسيرات الوجيزة بالعربية للألفاظ المالية بالإنكليزية أو الفرنسية تهدف إلى إعطاء زائر هذا الموقع خيار استخدام العبارة المقترحة أو إيجاد واستخدام كلمة أخرى أكثر إيفاءً بالمعنى إن وُجدَت عندما تتكرر كلمة بالإنكليزية في الخانة الفرنسية، هذا يعني، وفقاً لاطلاعنا، أنه لا يوجد مقابل بالفرنسية للعبارة المطلوبة"

"The mission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is to promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world.

The OECD provides a forum in which governments can work together to share experiences and seek solutions to common problems. We work with governments to understand what drives economic, social and environmental change. We measure productivity and global flows of trade and investment. We analyse and compare data to predict future trends. We set international standards on a wide range of things, from agriculture and tax to the safety of chemicals.
We also look at issues that directly affect everyone’s daily life, like how much people pay in taxes and social security, and how much leisure time they can take. We compare how different countries’ school systems are readying their young people for modern life, and how different countries’ pension systems will look after their citizens in old age."

"During this seminar, we will examine the following subjects:

• 1. How is a French commercial litigation conducted and very briefly how is it different from an American commercial litigation
  • Special Commercial Court ("TDC")
  • Simplified pleadings
  • Very limited pre-trial and trial proceedings
  • Low legal fees and disbursements
  • Executions of a money judgments - the "référé" option
  • French Court of Appeals

• 2. Can a French Tribunal be avoided and should a potential non-French litigant take steps to avoid finding itself before a French Tribunal?
  • Choice of forum
  • Choice of applicable law
• 3. Some thoughts about effectively working with your company's French legal counsel ("Advocate")
• 4. Some thoughts about changing Advocates.
  • Security deposit requirement
  • Privileged information not directly available to client
  • Partial solutions"

"Record droughts and water-supply worries have served as catalysts for state legislatures to consider legislation legalizing the catchment and use of rainwater for use in households and for lawns.

There has been increased interest over the past five years in legislation allowing, defining, and clarifying when rainwater harvesting can occur. Rainwater harvesting is the act of utilizing a collection system to use rainwater for outdoor uses, plumbing, and, in some cases, consumption. States have also passed legislation encouraging the use of Graywater. Graywater refers to the reuse of water drained from baths, showers, washing machines, and sinks (household wastewater excluding toilet wastes) for irrigation and other water conservation applications.
States must ensure water-quality standards and public health concerns are met. In some states, such as Colorado, previous water law stated that all precipitation belonged to existing water-rights owners, and that rain needed to flow to join its rightful water drainage. However, a 2007 study conducted by the Colorado Water Conservation Board and Douglas County determined that only 3 percent of rain actually reached a stream or the ground. Colorado followed-up by enacting two pieces of legislation, one allowing certain types of well owners to use rainwater and one authorizing pilot development projects."

"Dictionary of Law"

"Any technical language may be difficult to understand for ordinary people not belonging to the inner circle of specialist professionals. It is extremely difficult to convey complex information in a way that is understandable to most people. An established principle of the rule of law is that the need to be aware of the possible consequences of one’s behaviour implies the possibility of having access to the rules, in a language that is comprehensible to most of the population. Secondly, the exercise of powers in democracies is subject to public scrutiny, which involves a duty of transparency towards citizens at all levels of State activity, from legislation to administration. Moreover, full citizenship requires the possibility of taking part in social and economic life, and this possibility is often mediated by appropriate knowledge of law. Generally speaking, ‘access to law’ may be considered as a crucial aspect of the functioning of democratic systems, and involves:
1. access to information;
2. access to rights and justice;
3. democratic participation in public discourse;
4. social inclusion.

At the same time legal language is specific; it refers to concepts rather than tangible objects that can be drawn, pictured, or represented by symbols, and often adapts an existing ordinary word and applies it to a different object. We have been led, more and more, to believe that anything can be explained in an easy, immediate way. Particularly, commercial advertisements have constantly sought to simplify reality in order to persuade customers that they can understand any message, even the most difficult notions about for example engines, the performance of computers, and the chemistry of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. While superficial information, as long as it is not seriously misleading or does not affect fair competition between businesses, may be tolerated in advertising, on the contrary in a professional area, where decisions must be taken on the basis of available data, we ..."

"La publication de la version finale du Lexique du droit de la famille (common law) s'inscrit dans le cadre des travaux de normalisation de la terminologie française du vocabulaire de la common law entrepris en 1981 par le Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO). Une série d'ouvrages ont vu le jour depuis le début de ces travaux : le Vocabulaire bilingue de la common law – Droit de la preuve, Association du Barreau canadien, 1984; le Dictionnaire canadien de la common law – Droit des biens et droit successoral, Éditions Yvon Blais Inc., 1997; le Lexique du droit des fiducies (common law), Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada, 2005; le Lexique du droit des contrats et du droit des délits (common law), Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada, 2008; le Lexique du droit des sûretés (common law), Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada, 2009; et le Lexique du droit de la famille (common law) Fascicules 1 (2010), 2 et 3 (2011), Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada.

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This final version of the Family Law Glossary (Common Law) is published as part of a project undertaken in 1981 by the National Program for the Integration of Both Official Languages in the Administration of Justice (POLAJ) to standardize the French terminology of common-law vocabulary. Since the beginning of the project, a series of publications have been produced: the Vocabulaire bilingue de la common law — Droit de la preuve, Canadian Bar Association, 1984; the Canadian Common Law Dictionary — Law of Property and Estates, Yvon Blais Inc., 1997; the Law of Trusts Glossary, Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2005; the Law of Contracts and Law of Torts Glossary (Common Law), Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2008; the Law of Security Glossary (Common Law), Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2009; and the Family Law Glossary (Common Law) Fascicles 1 (2010), 2 and 3 (2011), Public Works and Government Services Canada."

"ULTRAMARIN - illustrated encyclopedic dictionary for maritime and inland navigation - about 27.000 words, explained or commented in part in English, German, Dutch, and French.

Fields of interest: shipbuilding, marine engineering, navigation,hydraulic engineering, logistics, law. 

Supplementary information: rules, regulations, addresses, waterways, etc."