'The postwar orthodoxy held that most Italians never truly bought into Fascism. Yet, says Christopher Duggan, who died earlier this year, the devotion to Mussolini expressed in newly analysed diaries and letters of the time tells a very different story ...'
Italian poet Gabriele D'Annunzio might have been a repellent human being, but he's perfect for a page-turning biography, writes Ian Birrell
Kent College History's insight:
'In this exhaustive biography, Lucy Hughes-Hallett attempts to peel away the many layers of an astonishing Italian egotist who still divides opinion over his politics, poetry and prose. He was, without doubt, a revolting man, whose rampant vanity and sexual desires knew no bounds.'
'A member of the Nazi Hitler Youth (centre) and two Balilli, from the Italian Fascist equivalent for younger boys, demonstrate their comradeship and show off their uniforms for the camera in Padua, north-east Italy in October 1940, four months after Italy entered the Second World War.'
'Three volumes, 3,000 pages: The Complete Works of Primo Levi, in its very girth and exhaustiveness, asserts a claim about the man whose oeuvre it collects. Best known for his Holocaust memoir, If This Is a Man, as well as for The Periodic Table—a book about his life in, with, and through chemistry—Levi should be seen, as the collection’s publicity material puts it, as “one of the twentieth century’s greatest writers”.'
'Fascist voices' is the award-winning book by Christopher Duggan, University of Reading, which explores Italy under the fascist dictatorship of Mussolini thr...
Kent College History's insight:
The late Christopher Duggan, of the University of Reading, introducing his book, Fascist Voices: an intimate history of Mussolini's Italy.
In a broadcast in December 1940 Winston Churchill famously declared that “one man, and one man alone” – namely Mussolini – was responsible for Italy waging war on Britain.
Kent College History's insight:
'The postwar orthodoxy held that most Italians never truly bought into Fascism. Yet, says Christopher Duggan, who died earlier this year, the devotion to Mussolini expressed in newly analysed diaries and letters of the time tells a very different story...'
'In 1937 Italian forces occupying the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa began a three day campaign of killings which left thousands of Ethiopian civilians dead. Alex Last has been speaking to Ambassador Imru Zelleke, who witnessed the massacre as a child. The violence began after a grenade attack wounded Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, the man appointed by Mussolini to govern Ethiopia. Italian forces had invaded the country in 1935 as Mussolini tried to expand Italian colonial territories in East Africa. Haile Selassie, the Emperor of Ethiopia, then called Abyssinia, was forced into exile. Ethiopia was a member of the League of Nations, but despite appeals, Western powers refused to intervene to stop the Italian invasion.'
'While Perry Willson’s previous book, The Clockwork Factory: Women and Work in Fascist Italy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993) focused on urban, working-class women in the ventennio, her current publication turns to the countryside to study the history of housewives and farmwomen who were associated with the Fascist organisation, Massaie Rurali. Both of these books broaden our understanding of popular experience in the Fascist years, and ably demonstrate how, indeed, the regime enticed, pulled and pushed people into its orbit.'
America’s new power in the 1920s was based on its economy, and in the projection of an American vision of international order beyond the League of Nations, it was US bankers who led the way. The crucial issues of Italian–American diplomacy were not questions of democracy, but of finance.
Kent College History's insight:
A review of 'The United States and Fascist Italy: The Rise of American Finance in Europe' by Gian Giacomo Migone, which examines the relationship between the United States and fascist Italy.
The Guardian, September 2000. Ian Thomson recalls a meeting with Primo Levi: 'He was in shirt sleeves for the interview, and the tattoo '74517' was visible on his left forearm.'
Historian of modern Italy who shed new light on its espousal of fascism
Kent College History's insight:
'Not all scholars agree with him about popular loyalty to Benito Mussolini, but Christopher’s meticulous research and clear prose give us an unconventional history of the era, a history that shows vividly how fascism operated at grassroots level. The book was awarded the Wolfson prize.'
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