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Kurzweil 25/01/18 : "MIT engineers have designed a new artificial synapse made from silicon germanium that can precisely control the strength of an electric current flowing across it. In simulations, the researchers found that the chip and its synapses could be used to recognize samples of handwriting with 95 percent accuracy. The engineers say the new design -published in the journal Nature Materials-, is a major step toward building portable, low-power neuromorphic chips for use in pattern recognition and other machine-learning tasks. Controlling the flow of ions : the challenge Researchers in the emerging field of “neuromorphic computing” have attempted to design computer chips that work like the human brain...

Kurzweil : "A human synapse consumes an extremely small amount of energy. The researchers have fabricated an organic nanofiber, or organic nanowire, electronic device that emulates the important working principles and energy consumption of biological synapses while requiring only ~1 fJ per synaptic event. The ONW also emulates the morphology (form) of a synapse. The morphology of ONFs is similar to that of nerve fibers, which form crisscrossing grids to enable the high memory density of a human brain. The researchers say the highly-aligned ONFs can be massively produced with precise control over alignment and dimension...