Some twenty years have elapsed since we identified and named end-to-end arguments[1], a class of system design principles that organize and guide the placement of function within a system. These arguments and the underlying principles have now been invoked in many contexts, becoming part of the vocabulary of network protocol and operating system designers. Like other general design principles, end-to-end arguments impose a structure on the design space, rather than solving the design problem. This structure provides a basis for discussion and analysis of trade-offs, and suggests a strong rationale to justify design choices.
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Peer2Politics
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on peer-to-peer dynamics in politics, the economy and organizations
Curated by
jean lievens
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Early conceptions of digital democracy as a virtual public sphere or civic commons have been replaced by a new technological optimism for democratic renewal based upon the open and collaborative networking characteristics of social media. This article provides an introduction to a special issue of the international journal Information, Communication & Society which attempts to present a grounded analysis on these claims drawing upon evidence-based research and analysis. A more cautious approach is suggested for the potential of social media to facilitate more participative democracy whilst acknowledging its disruptive value for challenging traditional interests and modes of communicative power. 
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